Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dk¡xzsl ,oa xk¡¡/h ;qx

1885&1947 (Lora=krk la?k"kZ dk bfrgkl)

1- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn dk mn;

2- dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk@mnkjoknh pj.k ekax (1885&1905) rFkk ekax dk Lo:i] ifj.kke
3- Lons'kh vkanksyu (1905)

Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn

 jk"Vªokn ,d vk/qfud ifjdYiuk gS] tks if'peh ;wjksi ls 18oha lrkCnh ds mÙkjk/Z esa tUe ysdj 19oha lrkCnh ds
var rd fo'o ds vusd Hkkxksa esa iQSykA bl fopkj /kjk ds varxZr ,d HkkSxksfyd {ks=k ds yksxksa ds chp leku
bfrgkl laLÑfr vkSj leku Hkfo"; dh ifjdYiuk dh Hkkouk gksrh gSaA

jk"Vªokn dh Hkkouk dk dkj.k\

 19oha 'krkCnh ds mÙkjk/Z esa ckWEcs] dydÙkk vkSj enzkl ds {ks=kksa esa f'kf{kr eè;e oxZ esa jk"Vªokn dh Hkkouk dk
mn; gqvk] buesa fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa dh Hkwfedk izeq[k jgh gSaA
1- vaxzsth 'kklu us Hkkjr ds ,d cM+s Hkkx dks iz'kkluhd n`f"V ls ,d lq=k esa cka/k] ftlus jk"Vªokn dh Hkkouk
dks tUe nsus esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA
2- vk/qfud f'k{kk ftlus jk"Vªokn] mnkjokn] U;k; Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj ekr`Ro dh ifjdYiuk vkSj mlds egRo
ls eè;e oxZ dks ifjfpr djk;kA
3- lkekftd lq/kj vkanksyuksa us Hkkjr ds dqN Hkkxksa esa lkaLÑfrd psruk dksa tUe fn;k tksa /hjs&/hjs jk"Vªh; psruk
esa ifjofrZr gqbZA

dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk (1885 & 1947)

 egÙoiw.kZ vf/os'ku
o 1885 & ckWEcs (W. C cuthZ)
o 1886 & dydÙkk (nknk Hkkb ujksth)
o 1887 & eMªkl (cn:íhu rSÕ;c th izFke ewfLye)
o 1888 & bykgckn (tkWtZ ;wy&çFke ;wjksfi;)

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 o 1876 & dydÙkk (jger mYykg fl;kuh& jk"Vªxhr)
o 1906 & dydrk (nknk HkkbZ ujks.kh & Lojkt dh igyh ekax)
o 1907 & lwjr (jkl fcgkjh ?kks"k & dkaxzsl dk nks xwV esa caV tkukA ujeiaFkh] xje iaFkhA
o 1911 & dydÙkk (fclu ukjk;.k /j & jk"Vªxku)
o 1912 & ckadhiqj] iVuk (vkj- ,u- ek/ksydj)
o 1916 & y•uÅ (vachdk pan etqenkj & ujeiaFkh vkSj xjeiaFkh dk vkil esa fey tkuk)
o 1917 & dydÙkk (,suh cslsV & çFke efgyk vè;{k)
o 1922 & x;k (C. R nkl)
o 1924 & csyxk¡o] dukZVd (egkRek xka/h)
o 1925 & dkuiqj (ljkstuh ukbMw & çFke Hkkjrh; efgyk)
o 1929 & ykgksj (iaú tokgj yky usg: & iw.kZ Lojkt izLrko
o 1931 & djkaph&oYYkHk HkkbZ iVsy
o 1938 & gjhiwjk] xqtjkr ('kqHkk"k pUæ cksl)
o 1939 & f=kiqjh] eè; izns'k (jktsUæ çlkn)
o 1940 & jkex<+ (vcqy dyke vktkn)
o 1946 & esjB (tsú chú Ñiykuh)
o 1947 & fnYyh (jktsUæ çlkn)
 Lons'kh vkanksyu (1905)
o dkj.k
o çeq• ?kVuk
o vkanksyu dk Lo:i
o ifj.kke
 dkj.k
(1) ljdkjh i{k
(2) jk"Vªoknh i{k
(1) ljdkjh i{k  ykWMZ dtZu dh ljdkj esa 1905 esa caxky ds foHkktu dk fooknkLin fu.kZ; fd;k_ ftlds
varxZr caxky dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkthr fd;k tkuk Fkk] ,d iwohZ caxky ftldh jkt/kuh <kdk vkSj nwljk caxky
ftldk jkt/kuh dydÙkk dh xbZA
 ljdkj dk nkok Fkk fd foHkktu ls ç'kkluhd lqfo/k gksxh vkSj ljdkjh dke dkt vklku gksxk] lkFk gh lkFk
vke turk dksa Hkh ykHk feysxkA
 jk"Vªoknh i{k

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 o jk"Vªokfn;ksa dk dguk Fkk fd ^iQwV Mkyksa vkSj 'kklu djksa* dh uhfr ij vk/kfjr Fkk ,d vksj fgUnw&eqlyekuksa
ds chp nwljh vkSj caxkyh;ksa vkSj xSj caxkyh;ksa ds chpA
o jk"Vª okfn;ksa us bl foHkktu dk tedj fojks/ fd;k] mUgsa vkHkkl Fkk fd dydÙkk jk"Vªokfn;ksa dk dsUæ cu
x;k Fkk] blfy, vaxzst bls ckaVuk pkgrh FkhA
 izeq[k ?kVuk %&
o 16 Oct] 1905 dksa caxky foHkktu fd;k x;k] ml le; ok;lWjk; ykWMZ feVksa &II (1905&10) FksaA dydÙkk
ds yksx foHkktu ds fojks/ esa lM+d ij vk x;saA
o yksxksa us vaxzsth oLrqvksa fo'ks"kdj vaxzsth oL=kksa dk cfg"dkj fd;k vkSj vaxzsth diM+ksa dh gksyh tykbZA
o yksxksa us vaxzsth f'k{kk laLFkkuksa dk Hkh cfg"dkj fd;kA
o jk"Vªokfn;ksa us vke turk ds lkFk feydj vaxzsth cfLr;ksa dk cfg"dkj fd;k vkSj lfCtokyksa] nw/ okyksa] isij
okys us viuh lsok can dj nhA

 vkanksyu dk Lo:i
(1) Lons'kh vkanksyu ,d tu vkanksyu Fkk ftlesa 'kgjh etnwj oxZ] O;kikjh] cq¼thoh] Nk=k ,oa odhy ,oa
vU; O;olk;h ,oa efgykvksa us Hkkx fy;kA
(2) ;g vkanksyu ewyr% 'kgjh FkkA
(3) bl vkanksyu esa cfg"dkj] tulHkk] in;k=kk] gM+rky] /juk vkfn dk bLrseky fd;k x;kA
 ifj.kke %&
(1) jk"Vªokfn;ksa vkSj turk ds fojks/ ds ckotwn caxky dk foHkktu dj fn;k x;kA
(2) vkanksyu dks dwpyus ds fy, ljdkj us neudkjh uhfr viukbZ vkSj vusd LFkkuksa ij iwfyl us vR;kpkj
fd;kA
(3) bl vkanksuy ds chp dkaxzsl ds Hkhrj nksa xwVksa ds vkilh Vdjko turk ds lkeus vk;as tks 1906 rFkk
1907 ds dkaxzsl vf/os'ku esa Li"V fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA
(4) 1906 esa eqfLye yhx dh LFkkiuk <+kdk eas gqbZ ftlds laLFkkid vkxk [kk¡] lyheqYyk [kka FkkA

 1908 dk eqtÝ+iQjiqj ce dkaM

o 1908 esa eqtÝiQjiqj ce dkaM ftlesa cnuke eftLVªsV fdaXl iQksMZ dh cX?kh ij geyk fd;k x;kA bl vkjksi
esa [kwnh jke cksl dksa iQaklh nh xbZA (lcls de mez esa iQkalh) tcdh çiQqy pkdh us gR;k dj fy;kA
 1909 dk Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vf/fu;e (ekWysZ&feUVks lq/kj)
o i`"BHkweh
o çko/ku
o ifj.kke

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  i`"BHkweh %&
o Lons'kh vkanksyu vkSj c<+rs jktuSfrd xfrfof/;ksa esa ljdkj dh phark c<+k nh] blyh, ljdkj ds Hkhrj bl
ckr dh ppkZ gks jgha Fkh fd Hkkjrh; mnkjoknh i{k dksa larq"V djuk vko';d gSa rFkk dqN laoS/kuhd lq /kj
ls mUgsa larq"V fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
 çko/ku
o eqlyekuksa ds fy, çFkd fuokZpuk
o xoZuj tuZy esa dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn esa ,d Hkkjrh; dksa lfEefyr fd;k x;k (lR;saæ çlkn flagk)
o xoZuj tuZy ds fo/kf;dk ifj"kn esa Hkkjrh;ksa dksa iwjd ç'u iwNusa dk vf/dkj feykA
o Hkkjrh;ksa dks ctV ij cgl djusa dk vf/dkj
 ifj.kke%
o ^i`Fkd fuokZpu* bl vf/fu;e dk lcls fooknkLin çko/ku Fkk tks ^iQwV Mkyksa vkSj 'kklu djksa * dh uhfr
ij vk/kfjr FkkA tokgj yky usg: us Bhd gh fy•k & ^^çFkd fuokZpu eaMy us Hkkjr esa lkaiznkf;drk dks
laLFkkxr dj fn;k**A
 1911 (fnYyh njckj)
o jkt/kuh ifjorZu dydÙkk ls fnYyh
o caxky foHkktu dks jí fd;k x;k vkSj fcgkj ,oa mfM+lk dksa vyx çkar cuk fn;k x;k ftldh jkt/kuh iVuk
FkhaA (22 ekpZ 1912 esa fcgkj ,d vyx izkar cuk)
 1912 (pkanuh pkSd ce dkaM)
o pkanuh pkSd ce dkaM (jkl fcgkjh cksl) & ykWMZ gkWfMax (1910 & 16) dksa pkanuh pkSd esa Økafrdkfj;ksa usa
ekjus dh dks'kh'k dh] bldk usr`Ro jkl fcgkjh cksl dj jgsa Fks] ysfdu gkfMZxa cp x,A 1915 esa jkl fcgkjh
nú iwúZ ,f'k;k pys x,saA
 1913
o xnj ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk 21vizSy]1913 dks ykyk gjn;ky] lksgu flag Hkk[kuk] cjdr&my&ykg tSls Økafrdkjh;ksa
us lSu Úkalhldksa (vesfjdk) esa dh] tks ewyr% iatkch FksA
o mís'; & Hkkjr dks Økafrdkjh xfrfof/;ksa ds ekè;e ls vktkn djuk pkgrs FksA
o ;sa yksx ^xnj* uked lekpkj i=k mnZw vkSj iatkch Hkk"kk feykdj dqy 6 Hkk"kk esa fy•h A
o ^xnj* ,d lIrkfgd lekpkj i=k Fkk ftldh igyh laLdj.k 1uoEcj]1913 dks mnZw Hkk"kk esa izdkf'kr gqvkA
 1915
9 tuojh] 1915 esa xka/h dk Hkkjr vkxeu

 
Xkka/h nf{k.k vÚhdk esa xka/h Hkkjr esa
 

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ge
      
?kVuk,sa n'kZu (/kfeZd] jktuSfrd) 1915&17 1917 1918
1916 gkse :y yhx vkanksyu] y•uÅ le>kSrk

 gkse:y yhx
o vçSy] 1916 cky xaxk/j fryd usa iw.ks esa LFkkfir fd;k tcdh Sep] 1916 esa ,suh cslsaV us ckWEcs vkSj
eækl dh FkhA
o ;s yksx vk;j ySaM ds gkse :y yhx ls çsfjr Fkas vkSj Hkkjr esa Lojkt dh ekax dj jgsa FksA

 y•uÅ le>kSrk
o i`"BHkwfe
o le>kSrk esa çko/ku
o ifj.kke
 i`"BHkwfe
o çFke fo'o ;q¼ ds le; gtkjksa Hkkjrh; lSfud ekjsa x,] ?kk;y gq, ftl dkj.k ns'k esa va'ksr"k FkkA
o ;q¼ ds dkj.k •k|&inkFkks± dh deh ,oa eagxk gksuk va'krks"k dk nwljk cM+k dkj.k FkkA
o dkaxzsl ds uje iaFkh vkSj pjeiaFkh vius erHksn dks Hkwykdj ,d lkFk la?k"kZ ds fy, rS;kj gks pqds FksaA
o eqfLye yhx dk dkaxzsl dk ,d lkFk vkuk A
 çko/ku
o dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye yhx dk ,d lkFk vkuk vkSj nksuksa us feydj Lojkt ds fy, la?k"kZ dk chjk mBk;kA
o nksuksa us le>kSrk fd;k fd fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk dks lwn`<+ fd;k tk,] ftlds varxZr eqfLye usrk eqfLye
turk ls vihy djsxsa dh os xkS gR;k ugha djsaA
o dsUæ ds fo/ku ifj"kn esa eqLyekuksa ds fy, ,d&frgkbZ lhV vkj{khr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
 egRo
o y•uÅ le>kSrk dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye yhx ds chp gh ugha cfYd fgUnw&eqfLye laca/ksa ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ
FkkA
o dkaxzsl vkSj yhx ds le>kSrs ls ljdkj ij Hkh ncko cuk vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e 1919 ikfjr fd;k
x;kA

egkRek xka/h

 nf{k.k vÚhdk
o 1893 esa nf{k.k vÚhdk x,A

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 o nf{k.k vÚhdk esa egkRek xka/h us uLy&Hksnh dkuwu dk fojks/ fd;k] tSls& ikl dkuwu] fookg dkuwu vkfnA
o xka/h us nf{k.k vÚhdk esa ^uVky dkaxzsl ny* dh LFkkiuk dh (1894 esa)
o xka/h us nf{k.k vÚhdk esa ^Mf.M;u vksisfu;u* uked if=kdk çdk'khr dh 1903 esaA
o mUgksaus viuh jktuSfrd fl¼kar vkSj vkanksyu ds Lo:i dks ,d u;k uke fn;k ^lR;k xz g*
 xka/h ds /kfeZd n'kZu
(1) lR; gh bZ'oj gS] bZ'oj gh lR; gSaA
(2) lHkh /ekZs dk lkj ,d gSaA
(3) fofHkUu /eZ ,d gh txg igqapus ds vyx&vyx jkLrs gSA
(4) ekuo lsok gh bZ'oj dh lsuk gSaA
(5) /eZ dh vkRek egRo iw.kZ gS] uk dh 'kjhj
 jktuSfrd n'kZu
(1) lR; ij MVsa jguk
(2) Lo;a dks d"V nsdj çfrn`afn;ksa ds eu efLr"d dksa cnyuk
(3) vPNk lk/u gh vPNk lkè; gSaA
(4) vfgalk

vkjafHkd dky Hkkjr esa

 paikj.k lR;kxzg (1917)

o uhy ds •srh ds fo#¼
o rhu dfB;k O;oLFkk
o jktdqekj 'kqDy LFkkuh; yhMj
o xka/h] jktsUæ çlkn] vuqxzg ukjk;.k flag] etg:y gd] ts- ch- Ñiykuh] Hkwyk HkkbZ nslkbZ]
o 10 vçSy 1917 dksa xka/h igyh ckjk fcgkj dh /jrh ij ikao j[ksA iVuk ls paikj.k tkusa ds nkSjku egkRek
xka/h us vU; usrkvksa dsa lkFk fdlkuksa ls feydj ckrphr dh vkSj mudh leL;k dks vPNs ls le>kA
o xk¡/h th us fdlkuksa dks le>k;k dh og uhy dh •srh uk djs] ysfdu vfgalkRed rjhds lsa viuk vkanksyu
tkjh j•sA xka/h ij ck/k Hkh Mkyk x;k vaxzstksa ds rjiQ ls ijarq xka/h dh lkgl vkSj ncko cukus ls ljdkj
us tk¡p vk;ksx xfBr fd;k ftlesa xk¡/h Hkh ,d lnL; FksA
o varr% vk;ksx us fliQkfj'k dh fd fdlku viuh ethZ esa iQly mxkus ds fy, Lora=k gSA
o bl çdkj Hkkjr esa xk¡/h dk igyk lR;kxzg liQyrk iwoZd lekIr gqvk ftlesa xk¡/h us ,drk vkSj vfgalk
ds vk/kj ij U;k; dh çkfIr gks ldrh gS dks fl¼ fd;kA

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  1918 [ksjk lR;kxzg
o •sjk xqtjkr dk ,d rkywdk gSa] tgk¡ dh fdlkuksa usa Hkw&jktLo dh ekiQ dh ekax dh] D;ksadh lw•s ds dkj.k
iQly u"V gqvk FkkA
o ljdkj us fdlkuksa dh ekax Bwdjk nh FkhA
o xk¡/h us bl vkanksyu dk usr`Ro fd;k Fkk vkSj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy vkSj bUæyky ;kKuhd dks •sM+k ds xk¡o
fdlkuksa ds fy, HkstkA
o fdlkuksa dh gkyr ns•dj xk¡/h us fdlkuksa ls Hkw&jktLo uk nsus dk vkxzg fd;k ijarq mulsa 'kkarh cuk;sa j•us
dh vihy dhA
o vrar% ljdkj us ,d vkns'k i=k tkjh fd;k ftlds varxZr ;fn fdlku Hkw&jktLr nsus dh ifjfLFkfr esa ugha
gS] rks ml fdlku ls Hkw&jktLr uk fy;k tk,xkA
o xk¡/h us vU; fdlkuksa ls vihy dh og ljdkj ds vkns'k dk ikyu djs vkSj bl çdkj [ksM+k vkanksyu Hkh
liQy gqvkA
 1918 vgenkckn fey vkanksyu
o vgenkckn diM+k feyksa ds etnwjksa us Iysx cksul tkjh j•us ds fy, cksykA
o fey ekfydksa us tks Lo;a Hkh Hkkjrh; FksaA etnwjksa dh ekax dks bUdkj dj fn;kA
o xka/h us bl vkanksyu dk usr`Ro fd;k vkSj etnwjksa ls dke ij uk tkus dk vkokg~u fd;k vFkkZr gM+rky dk
vkokg~u fd;kA
o etnwjksa esa ,drk cuk;s j•usa vkSj muesa tks'k c<+kus ds fy, Hkw• gM+rky (xka/h dk çFke Hkw• gM+rky Hkkjr
esa) Hkh fd;kA
o varr% iw¡thifr;ksa us bl eqís dks ,d fVªch;wuy ds gokys fd;kA
o fVªch;wuy us fliQkfj'k dh 35» cksul nh tk, tcdh etnwjksa dh ewy ekax 50» rd Hkh A
o xka/h us fVªfc;wuy dh fliQkfj'k dks ekuus ds fy, etnwjksa ls vkxzg fd;k vkSj bl çdkj xk¡/h dk ;g
vkanksyu Hkh liQyrk iwoZd liQy gqvkA
 jkSysV lR;kxzg ,oa tfy;kaokyk ckx tulagkj
o 1919 ds çkjaHk esa ljdkj us fookn Lin jkSysV dkuwu ikfjr fd;k (lj flMuh jkSysV vè;{k) ftlds varxZr
fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; dks ns'kæksg ds vkjksi esa dsoy lansg ds vk/kj ij Hkh fxjÝrkj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA
o bl dkuwu ds fojks/ esa ns'k Hkj esa fojks/ gqvkA jk"Vªokfn;ksa us bl dkuwu dks ^uk ofdy] uk nyhy] uk vihy*
okyk dkuwu dgk rFkk bls dkyk dkuwu dgkA
o eksú vfy ftUuk us bl dkuwu ds fojks/ esa dsUæh; fo/ku ifj"kn ls bfLriQk ns fn;kA
o egkRek xk¡/h us bl dkuwu ds fojks/ esa ^lR;kxzg lHkk* dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj iwjs ns'k esa gM+rky dk vkokgu
6 April] 1919 dks fd;kA
o fnYyh esa bl vkanksyu dk usr`Ro eq[rkj valkjh vkSj vkliQ vyh dj jgsa Fks]

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 o tcdh iatkc esa usr`Ro Mkú lR;iky efyd vkSj Mkú lSÝiQíhu fdpyq dj jgs FksA
o 9 vçSy] 1919 dks lSiqQíhu fdpyw vkSj Mkú lR;iky dks fczfV'k vf/dkfj;ksa us fxjÝrkj dj fy;k rFkk bl
?kVuk ls 10 vçSy] 1919 dks iwjs iatkc esa fojks/ fd;k x;kA
o iqjs {ks=k esa ek'kZy dkuwu ykxw dj fn;k x;k ftldh ftEesnkjh tuZy jsth ukYM Mk;j dks lkSaih xbZA
o 13 vçSy] 1999 (cSlk[kh ds fnu) tuZy Mk;j ds vkns'k ij tfy;kaokyk ckx esa xksyh pykbZ xbZ tgk¡
çn'kZudkjh jkSysV dkuwu ds fo#¼ bdV~Bk gq, Fksa] ysfdu vf/dka'k yksx cSlk•h eukus Hkh vk;s Fksa ftl
dkj.k efgyk vkSj cPps vf/d FksA
o tuZy Mk;j dk rdZ Fkk fd yksxksa us dÝ;Zw ds vkns'k dk mYy?ku fd;k tcdh jk"Vªoknh;ksa dk dguk Fkk fd
fcuk psrkouh fn, fugRFksa ij xksyh pykuk vekuoh; vkSj vLHk; FkkA
o xk¡/h th us vkanksyu LFkxhr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k vkSj bl vkanksyu dh viuh cgqr cjh Hkwy crkbZA
o johUnzukFk VSxksj us fojks/ esa viuh ^ukbV gqM* dh mik/h R;kx nhA
o ljdkj us bl tu lagkj dh tkap ds fy, ^gaVj deh'ku (1919) cukbZ] ftlds vè;{k fofy;e gaVj FksaA
bl deh'ku esa rhu Hkkjrh; lnL; esa & fpeuyky gfjyky] iafMr txr ukjk;.k] ljnkj lkfgc tknk vgen
•ku

1919 (Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e )

 bl vf/fu;e dks ^eksVsX;w psEl iQksMZ* lq/kj Hkh dgk tkrk gSaA

iz"B Hkwfe

(1) çFke fo'o ;q¼ ds nkSjku (1914&18) vaxzsth ljdkj dks Hkkjr ds leFkZu dh vko';drk Fkh] blyh,
Hkkjrh; usrkvksa dks larq"V djus ds fy, dqN ok;ns fd,] tSls& ;q¼ ds ckn ftEesnkj ljdkj
(2) gkse :y yhx vkanksyu us Hkkjr ds cM+s Hkkx esa jk"Vªoknh vkanksyu dks rst fd;k fo'ks"kdj uxM+ksa esa vkSj
Lojkt dk ukjk yksd fç; fd;kA bl dkj.k Hkh ljdkj Hkkjrh;ksa dks dqN laoS/kfud lq/kj çnku djds
larq"V djuk pkgrh FkhA
 çko/ku
(1) çkarksa esa }S/ 'kklu dks LFkkiuk dh tk,sxhA
(2) dsUæ esa nks lnuksa dh LFkkiuk
(3) Hkkjrh;ksa dks ctV esa oksV nsus vkSj iwjd ç'u iawNus dk vf/dkj çkIr gqvkA
(4) efgykvksa dks oksV nsus dk vf/dkj
(5) fl[kksa vkSj ,axyks bf.M;u dks i`Fkd fuokZpu

 f•ykiQr vkanksyu ,oa vlg;ksx vkanksyu

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 o f•ykiQr 'kCn •fyiQk ls cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ •fyiQk] dh laLFkk @ inoha ls gSaA rqdhZ dk •yhiQk eqfLye
txr~ esa jktuSfrd usrk ds lkFk&lkFk /kfeZd usrk Hkh ekuk tkrk FkkA
o çFke fo'o ;q¼ (1914&18) esa teZuh ds lkFk&lkFk rqdhZ dh Hkh gkj gqbZ] vkSj lgk;d ns'kksa us teZuh ds
lkFk rqdhZ dks Hkh nafMr djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA
o Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa ds ,d oxZ dk ;g vk'kadk Fkk fd
(i) •yhiQk in •rjs esa gSaA
(ii) rqdhZ dks nafMr djds mlds VwdM+s dj fn, tk,sxsaA
 ?kVuk
o 10 Aug 1920 lsczs dh laf/ rqdhZ ds fo#¼ gqbZ ftldh çfrfØ;k esa Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dk ,d cjk oxZ
lM+dksa ij vk x;k] vkSj vaxzst fojks/h vkanksyu çkjaHk gqvkA
o 1919 ds çkjaHk esa gh vyh ca/qvksa (eksgen vyh rFkk 'kSdr vyh)] ekSykuk vktkn] vtey •ku] gljr
eksgkuh ds usr`Ro esa ^f•ykiu desVh* dk xBu fd;kA ftldk mís'; rqdhZ ds çfr fczVsu ds joS;s dks cnyus
ds fy, fczVsu ij ncko MkyukA
 vlg;ksx vkanksyu (1920&22)
o Dec] 1920 esa dkaxzsl dk vf/os'ku ukxiqj esa ftlesa vlg;ksx vkanksyu çLrkfor fd;k x;k
o 1 Jan, 1921 dks vlg;ksx vkanksyu fof/or :i ls 'kq# gqvk] vaxzsth oLrqvksa dk fo'ks"kdj diM+ks dk
cfg"dkj fd;k x;k vkSj Lons'kh oLrq [kkldj [kknh dk izpkj fd;k x;kA
o egkRek xka/h us ^dSlj&,&fgUn* dk ind ykSVk fn;kA
o bl vkanksyu esa fdlku] fo|kFkhZ] efgyk,a] O;olkf;d oxZ us Hkkx fy;kA
o pkSjh&pkSjk dkaM] 5 Feb] 1922 dks xksj[kiqj ftyk (UP) esa ftleas 22 iqfyl dehZ lfgr iwjs Fkkus dks tyk
fn;k x;k Hkkjrh;ksa ds }kjkA
o 12 Feb] 1922 dks ckjnksyh uked LFkku ij xk¡/kh th us vlg;ksx vkanksyu okil ys fy;kA
o bl vkanksyu ds okil fy, tkus ds ckn dkaxzsl ds Hkhrj nks xwV cu x;k ,d ifjorZu oknh tks fo/ku ifj"kn
esa izos'k dh odkyr dj jgsa FksaA nwljk vifjorZu tks fo/ku ifj"kn esa izos'k dk fojks/ dj jgk FkkA
o Dec, 1922 esa dkaxzsl dk vf/os'ku x;k (fcgkj) esa gqvk CR Das dh vè;{krk esaA rFkk blesa Lojkt ikVhZ
dh xBu dh ckr dgha xbZA rFkk 1 Jan, 1923 dks ikVhZ dk xBu gqvk ftldk vè;{k CR Das rFkk lfpo
eksrh yky usg: cusaA
 Økafrdkjh vkanksyu
o 1924 esa fgUnqLrku fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dh LFkkiuk dkuiqj esa dqN Økafrdkjh }kjk dh xbZ] ftlesa paæ'ks•j
vktkn] jke çlkn fcfLey] 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky] ;ksxs'k pUæ pVthZ vkfn esaA

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 o dkdksjh dkaM (vxLr] 1925) 9 Aug, 1925 dks ,lksfl,'ku- ds lnL;ksa us dkdksjh uked xkao esa jsy dks
jksddj jsy foHkkx ds •tkus ywV fy;kA ftlesa jke çlkn fofLey] v'kiQkd mYyk •ka] jktsUæ ykfgM+h rFkk
jks'ku flag dks iQkalh nh x;hA
o 1928 esa fnYyh ds fiQjkst'kkg dksVyk eSnku esa Hkxr flag vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa usa ^fgUnqLrku lks'kfyLV
fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku* dk xBu fd;k ftlesa jktxq:] lq•nso] tfru nkl] cVqds'oj nÙk vkfn 'kkfey FksaA
o 8 vçSy 1929 esa Hkxr flag vkSj cVqds'oj nr us dsaæh; fo/ku lHkk esa nks ce iQsadk tkucw>djA ce iQsadus
dk eq[; mís'; viuh fxjÝrkjh nsdj vnkyr dks viuh fopkj/kjk dk çpkj djuk FkkA
o Hkxr flag] lq•nso] rFkk jktxq: ij ykgkSj "kM~;a=k dsl ds rgr eqdnek pyk;k x;k] vkSj 23 ekpZ] 1931
dks mUgsa iQkalh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA
o iQjojh] 1931 esa bykgckn esa ,d ikdZ esa pUMª'ks[kj vktkn iqfyl ds lkFk gqbZ eqBHksM+ esa xksfy;ksa ds f'kdkj
gks x;sA

 1928
(1) lkbeu deh'ku
(2) usg: fjiksVZ
(3) ftUuk dh pkSng lw=kh; ekaxsa
 lkbeu deh'ku
o Nov] 1927 esa fczfV'k ljdkj us 7 lnL;ksa dk ,d vk;ksx cuk;kA (vè;{k&lj tkWu lkbeu)
o dkaxzsl ds eækl vf/os'ku (1927) esa ,e- ,- valkjh dh vè;{krk esa lkbeu deh'ku ds cfg"dkj dk
fu.kZ;A
o 3 iQjojh] 1928 dks lkbeu deh'ku cacbZ igqapkA
o lkbeu deh'ku dk Lokxr dkys >aMks rFkk ^lkbeu xks cSd* ds ukjksa ls fd;k x;kA
o ykgkSj esa çn'kZudkfj;ksa dk usr`Ro dj jgs ykyk yktir jk; ykfB;ksa ds çgkj ls cqjh rjg t[eh gks x;s rFkk
17 Nov, 1928 dks mudh e`R;q gks x;hA
 usg: fjiksVZ
o 1928 esa rRdkyhu Hkkjr lfpo ykMZ fojd ugSM us Hkkjrh;ksa dksa ,sls lafo/ku ds fuekZ.k dks pqukSrh nh tks
lHkh dks ekU; gksaA
o vxLr] 1928 esa eksrh yky usg: dh vè;{krk esa ,d fjiksVZ is'k dh] ftls usg: fjiksVZ ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSaA

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  ftUuk dh pkSng l=kh; ekaxs %&
o Dec] 1928 esa usg: fjiksVZ dh leh{kk ds fy, ,d loZnyh; lEesyu dk vk;kstu dydÙkk esa fd;k x;kA
bl lEesyu esa eqfLye yhx dh vksj ls eksú vyh ftUuk us fjiksVZ ds laca/ esa la'kks/u çLrqr fd;kA
o ckn esa ekpZ] 1929 esa ftUuk us vyx ls ^pkSng lw=kh; ekaxsa* is'k dhA
 lfou; voKk vkanksyu
o Dec] 1929 esa xka/h th us ^;ax bafM;k* esa ,d ys• çdkf'kr dj ljdkj ds le{k X;kjg ekaxs j•h rFkk
bu ekaxksa dks Lohdkj ;k vLohdkj djus ds fy, mls 31 tuojh 1930 rd dk le; fn;kA
o 2 ekpZ] 1930 dks xka/h th us ok;ljk; dks ,d i=k fy•k rFkk viuh 11 ekaxksa dk mYys• fd;k] ysfdu
ljdkj }kjk bldk dksbZ mÙkj ugha fn;k x;kA
o MkaMh ekpZ @ ued lR;kxzg (12 March & 6 April] 1930) 12 ekpZ 1930 dks lkcjerh vkJe ls vius
78 leFkZdksa ds lkFk MkaMh ds fy;s in ;k=kk çkjaHk dh rFkk 24 fnuksa esa 240 km dh in;k=kk ds i'pkr~ 5
vçSy dks MkaMh igqaps] vkSj 6 vçSy dks xka/h th us leqæ rV esa ued cukdj dkuwu rksM+kA
 xka/h&bjfou le>kSrk
o 5 March] 1931 xka/h ,oa bjfou ds chp ,d le>kSrk gqvk ftls xka/h&bjfou le>kSrk dgk tkrk gSA
bl le>kSrk esa dgk x;k&
(1) lfou; voKk vkanksyu LFkfxr dj fn;k tk;sxkA
(2) dkaxzsl f}rh; xksyest lEesyu esa Hkkx ysxkA
(3) leqæ rV dh lhek ds Hkhrj ued rS;kj djus dh vuqefr nh tk;sxhA
(4) jktuSfrd dSnh dks NksM+ fn;s tk;saxsA
 xksyest lEesyu
(1) çFke xksyest lEesyu (Nov 1930& Jan] 1931 rd)
 bl lEesyu esa dkaxzsl us Hkkx ugha fy;k FkkA
 chú vkjú vacsMdj vkSj rst cgknqj lizw us rhuksa xksyest lEesyu esa Hkkx fy;kA
 ,uh cslsaV us çFke xksyest lEesyu esa Hkkx fy FkhA
 bl le; fczVsu ds ç/kuea=kh eSdMksukYM FksaA
(2) f}rh; xksy est lEesyu (flrEcj] 1931 & fnlEcj] 1932] rd)
 bl lEesyu esa xka/h th us Hkkx fy;k FkkA
 bl lEesyu esa enu eksgu ekyoh;] ljksftuh uk;wM vkfn us Hkkx fy;kA
(3) rhljk xksyest lEesyu (uoEcj] 1932 & fnlEcj] 1932 rd)
 bl lEesyu esa Hkh jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl vkSj xka/h th- us Hkkx ugha fy;kA

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  lkEçnkf;d fu.kZ; vkSj iwuk le>kSrk
o fczVsu ds ç/kuea=kh jsEts eSdMksukYM us Hkkjrh; ekrkf/dkj lfefr] ftls ^yksfFk;u lfefr* dgk x;k vk/kj
ij 16 Aug, 1932 dksa laçnkf;d fu.kZ; dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
o vYi la[;dksa ds fy, i`Fkd fuokZpu
o iwuk le>kSrk (24 Sept] 1932)
 egkRek xka/h vkSj vEcsMdj ds chp
 çFkd fuokZpu dks lekIr dj fn;k x;kA
 nfyr oxkZs ds fy, 147 lhVsa vkarfjr dh xbZA
 Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e 1935
o dsaæ esa }S/ 'kklu LFkkfirA
o çkarksa esa }S/ 'kklu dh lekfIr rFkk çkarksa dks Lok;rrk ns fn;k x;kA
o dsaæh; cSad (Reserve Bank of India) dh LFkkiuk
o cekZ dks Hkkjr ds 'kklu ls çFkd dj fn;k x;kA
o mM+hlk dks fcgkj ls vyx dj fn;k x;k] 1936 esaA
o la?kh; U;k;y; dh LFkkiuk
 f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ (1939&45) rFkk ;q¼ ds chp Hkkjr dh fLFkfr
o 1 flracj] 1939 dks teZuh dk iksySaM ij vkØe.k
o 3 flracj] 1939 dks fczVsu }kjk Hkkjr dks ;q¼ esa 'kkfey djukA
o Oct 1939 esa dkaxzsl dh çkarh; ljdkjksa dk R;kx i=k nsuk] ftls eqfLye yhx us (^eqfÙkQ fnol 22fnlEcj]
1939* ) dgkA
o 23 ekpZ] 1940 dks eqfLye yhx dk okf"kZd vf/os'ku ykgkSj esa gqvk] ftlesa ^ikfdLrku çLrko* ikfjr fd;k
x;kA
 vxLr çLrko (18 Aug 1940) ok;ljk; fyufyFkxksa }kjk ftlesa dgk x;k&
(1) Hkkjr dks Mksfefu;u LVsV~l dk ntkZA
(2) ;q¼ ds i'pkr~ lafo/ku lHkk dk xBuA
(3) vYila[;dksa ds fgr dh j{kkA
dkaxzsl rFkk eqfLye yhx nksuksa ds }kjk vxLr çLrko dks vLohdkjA
 O;fDr xr lR;kxzg
 çkjaHk & 17 Oct] 1940
 vU; uke& fnYyh pyks vkanksyu
 çFke lR;kxzgh & fouksck Hkkos
 nwljs lR;kxzgh & tokgj yky usg:

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  fØI'k fe'ku
 fczfV'k ç/kea=kh pfpZy us fczfV'k laln lnL; rFkk etnwj usrk lj LVSiQMZ fØIl ds usr`Ro esa ekpZ
1942 esa ,d fe'ku Hkkjr HkstkA
 çko/ku 
(1) Hkkjr dks Mksfefu;u LVsV~l dk ntkZA
(2) çkarks dks Hkkjrh; la?k ls i`Fkd gksus rFkk i`Fkd lafo/ku cukus dh O;oLFkkA
(3) ;q¼ ds i'pkr~ lafo/ku fuekZ.kA

 dkaxzsl rFkk eqfLye yhx us bls vLohdkj dj fn;kA

 Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu

 8 vxLr] 1992 dks Hkkjr NksM+ks çLrko
 xka/h th }kjk djks ;k ejks dk ukjk
 9 vxLr] 1942 dks lHkh çeq• dkaxzslh usrk fxjÝrkj dj fy;s x;sA ^vkWijs'ku thjks vkWoj* ds rgrA
 11 vxLr] 1992 dks iVuk lfpoky; xksyhdkaM ftlesa 7 Ldwyh Nk=k iqfyl dh xksfy dk f'kdkj gq,] >aMk iQgjkus
ds pyrsA
 m"kk esgrk fd Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ds nkSjku •qfiQ;k :i ls jsfM;ks çlkj.k djrh Fkh] ftlesa egkRek xka/h lfgr
ns'k ds çeq• usrkvksa ds fjdkMZ lquk;k tkrk FkkA
 Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu Hkkjr dks Lora=k Hkys u djok ik;k gks] ysfdu bldk nwjxkeh ifj.kke lq•nk;h jgkA blfy, bls
^^Hkkjr dh Lok/hurk ds fy, fd;k tkus vfUre egku ç;kl** dgk x;kA

 vktkn fgUn iQkSt/bafM;u us'kuy vkehZ (INA)

 1943 esa tkiku dh lkg;rk ls Vksfd;ksa esa jkl fcgkjh cksl us vktkn fgan iQkSt dh xBu dhA
 vktkn fgUn iQkSt dh LFkkiuk dk fopkj loZçFke dSIVu eksgu flag ds eu esa vk;k FkkA
 2 tqykbZ] 1943 dks lqHkk"kpanz cksl teZuh ls flaxkiqj igqWpsA igq¡prs gh mUgksaus jsfM;ksa ij vaxzstksa ds fo#¼ Hkk"k.k
fn;kA
 4 tqykbZ] 1943 dks jkl fcgkjh cksl us vktkn fgUn iQkSt dk usr`Ro lqHkk"kpanz cksl dks lkSai fn;kA
 5 tqykbZ] 1943 dks ^fnYyh pyks* dk ukjkA
 INA ds vusd fcxzsM cuk;k x;k ftls vyx& vyx uke fn;k x;k tSls & egkRek xk¡/h fczxsM] tokgj yky usg:
fczxsM] jkuh >kalh jsthesaV (L=kh lSfud)
 tqykbZ] 1914 esa lqHkk"kpanz cksl us xka/h th ls ^^Hkkjr dh Lok/hurk** ds fy, vk'khZokn ekaxk rFkk mUgsa **jk"Vªfirk**
dgkA

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 'kkg uokt (lqHkk"kpanz cksl fczxsM) ds usr`Ro esa vktkn fgUn iQkSt dh ,d cVkfy;u tkikuh iQkSt ds lkFk Hkkjr&oekZ
lhek ij geys esa Hkkx ysus ds fy;s bEiQky Hksth x;hA fdarq ;gka Hkkjrh; lSfudksa ls nqO;Zogkj fd;k x;kA
 vktkn fgUn iQkSt ds lSfud ,oa vf/dkfj;ksa dks vaxzstksa us 1945 esa fxjÝrkj dj fy;k vkSj mudk lSfud vfHk;ku
vliQy gks x;kA
 fnYyh ds yky fdyk esa uoEcj] 1945 esa vktkn fgUn iQkSt ds rhu uk;d duZy 'kkg uokt] duZy lgxy rFkk
duZy f<+Yyksa ij eqdnek pyk;k x;kA
 vktkn fgUn iQkSt ds ;q¼cafn;ksa ij pyk;s tk jgs eqdnesa esa tokgj yky usg:] HkwykHkkbZ nslkbZ] rst cgknqj Lizw vkfn
cpko i{k dh vksj ls çLrqr gq,A buds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; turk us Hkh vkanksyu fd;k cpko ds fy,] 12 uoEcj]
1945 dks vktkn fgUn iQkSt fnol euk;k x;kA

 1945&1947 (lÙkk dk gLrkarj.k)

 ososy ;kstuk
 1945 ds eè; esa baXySaM esa pquko vk;ksftr gksus okyh Fkh] :f<+oknh pfpZy dh ljdkj ;g fn•kuk pkgrh Fkh fd
os Hkkjr ds leL;k ds lek/ku ds fy, xaHkhj gSA blfy, ok;ljk; ykWMZ ososy ls ;g dgk x;k fd oks bl laca/
esa Hkkjr ds usrkvksa ls fopkj&foe'kZ dj le>kSrk dk ç;kl djsA
 twu] 1945 esa ykWMZ ososy us f'keyk esa ,d lEesyu cqyk;kA ftlesa dkaxzsl] eqfLye yhx ,oa vU; yksxksa us Hkkx
fy;kA bl lEesyu esa dgk x;k ckr fuEufyf•r gSa&
(1.) xoZuj& tuZy ,ao dekaMj&bu&phiQ dks NksM+dj xoZuj tuZy dh dk;Zdkj.kh ifj"kn esa lHkh lnL; Hkkjrh; gksaxsA
(2.) xoZuj tuZy dk fu"ks/kf/dkj (Veto) lekIr ugha fd;k tk;sxkA
(3.) Hkkjr dks Mksesfu;u LVsV~l çnku fd;k tk;sxkA
(4.) xoZuj&tuZy dh dk;Zdkj.kh ifj"kn esa fganwvksa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh la[;k cjkcj j•h tk,xhA
bl ;kstuk dks dkaxzsl rFkk eqfLye yhx nksuksa esa vLohdkj fd;kA
 eqfLye yhx dk dguk Fkk fd ea=kh ifj"kn esa ftrus eqfLye gksxk og eqfLye yhx dk gksxkA
 dkaxzsl dk dguk Fkk fd vaxzst dkaxzsl dk Nfo •jkc dj nsxk] D;ksfd og dksaxzsl dks fliQZ fganw ny dh laLFkk
cukuk pkgrh gSaA

 dSfcusV fe'ku (1946)

 iQjojh] 1946 esa fczVsu ds ç/kuea=kh DyhesV ,Vyh us Hkkjr esa ,d rhu lnL;h; f'k"V eaMy Hkstus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
 bl f'k"VeaMy esa rhu lnL; Fksa& ykWMZ iSfFkd ykjsal] lj LVSiQMZ fØIl rFkk ,- oh- vysDtsaMj (vè;{k& iSfFkd
ykjsal)
 24 ekpZ] 1946 dks dSfcusV fe'ku fnYyh igqapkA

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 16 ebZ] 1946 esa ;kstuk çLrqr fd;k x;k ftlesa fuEufyf•r ckrsa dgha xbZ&
1. Hkkjr esa la?kh; 'kklu gksxkA

ns'kh fj;klr fczfV'k Hkkjr ftls rhu lewg

2. Hkkjr esa ,d vUrfje ljdkj esa ckaV tks,xkA

3. ikfdLrku dh ekax dks vLohdkj dj fn;k x;k
4. lafo/ku lHkk dk xBu dk çLrko (lnL;& 389)
5. çkarksa dks Lok;Ùkrk rFkk vof'k"V 'kfÙkQ;kaA
 twu] 1946 esa yhx rFkk dkaxzsl nksuksa us dSfcusV fe'ku ;kstuk dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA

 Lora=krk ,oa foHkktu

 ,Vyh dh ?kks"k.kk
 DyhesaV ,Vyh (fczVsu ds ç/kuea=kh us lHkh vksj ls leL;kvksa ls f?kjrk eglwl] djrs gq,] 20 iQjojh] 1947 dks ,d
?kks"k.kk dh
 vaxzst ljdkj 30 twu] 1948 rd Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks lÙkk lkSai nsxhA
 ykMZ ososy ds LFkku ij ykMZ ekmaVcsVu dks Hkkjr dk u;k ok;ljk; fu;qÙkQ fd;k x;kA

 çR;{k dk;Zokgh fnol

 eqfLye yhx vkSj dkaxzsl nksuks us lS¼kafrd :i ls dSfcusV fe'ku dh ;kstuk dks Lohdkj dj fy;k Fkk] ijarq dqN
ckrksa ij nksuksa ny dks lansg Fkk] ftlds dkj.k Hkkjr lkaçnkf;d naxs dk f'kdkj cukA dkj.k fuEufyf•r gSa&
(1.) dkaxzsl dk ekax çkarksa ds vis{kk dsUæ vf/d etcwrA
(2.) eqfLye yhx dk dkaxzsl ij lansg (tokgj yky usg: ds 10 tqykbZ] 1946 ds Hkk"k.k ds dkj.kA
(3.) lansg ds dkj.k eqfLye yhx us dSfcusV fe'ku ;kstuk dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA

 ifj.kke
 29 tqykbZ] 1946 dks ftUuk dk ?kks"k.kk (ikfdLrku çkIr djus ds fy, 16 vxLr 1946 dks ^^çR;{k dk;Zokgh
fnol**)

 ekmaVcSVu Hkkstuk
 3 twu] 1947 dks ekmaVcSVu us Hkkjr ds foHkktu ds lkFk lÙkk gLrkarj.k dh ,d ;kstuk çLrqr dhA
 bl ;kstuk dks ^3 twu ;kstuk* ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS\

R R CAMPUS Contact M- 8002169064, 82077-25522, BR- 9135000048/49, MH-9135000083/93 | Pa ge

 eq[; fcUn
 foHkktu gksus dh n'kk esa nks Mksefu;uksa rFkk nks lafo/ku lHkkvksa dk fuekZ.k
 Hkkjrh; jktokM+ksa dks Lora=k jgus dk fodYi ugha fn;k tk ldrkA mUgsa ;k rks Hkkjr esa ;k ikfdLrku esa 'kkfey gksuk
gksxkA
 15 vxLr 1947 dks Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku dks Mksfefu;u LVsV~l ds vk/kj ij lÙkk dk gLrkarj.k
 ;fn foHkktu esa xfrjks/ mRiUu gqvk rks ,d lhek vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k tk;sxkA
ekmaVcsVu ;kstuk dks dkaxzsl rFkk eqfLye yhx nksuksa us Lohdkj dj fy;kA

 Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vf/fu;e] 1947

 18 tqykbZ] 1947 dks ikfjrA dgk tk, rks ;g vf/fu;e ekmaVcSVu ;kstuk dks gh ewrZ:i nsuk FkkA

 eq[; fcUnq
 Hkkjr dks nks Hkkx esa CkkaV fn;k x;k&
1- Hkkjr
2- ikfdLrku
 15 vxLrd 1947 ds ckn Hkkjr rFkk ikfdLrku ij vaxzsth laln ds {ks=kkf/dkj lekIr dj fn;k x;kA
 fj;klrksa ij fczfV'k vkf/iR; lEkkIr rFkk fj;klrksa dks Hkkjr ;k ikfdLrku esa 'kkfey gksus ;k Lora=k jgus dk fu.kZ;A
 fczfV'k lezkV ^Hkkjr ds lezkV* dh mikf/ dk iz;ksx can dj nsaxsA
 u;s ns'kksa dh lafo/ku lHkkvksa dks lEiw.kZ fo/k;h vf/dkj fn;s tk;saxsaA

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