M/3CL RELLOSA, VHINCE

OCEANA SECTION

INTRODUCTION
Historically, shipping has been a significant human endeavor, especially in areas where
interregional and international trade was the main driver of prosperity. One of the four pillars of
globalization has been identified as transportation, along with trade liberalization, international
standardization, and communications (Kumar and Hoffmann, 2002). While marine shipping—as an
integrated part of a wider goods movement system—has more fully enabled globalization, it has also
raised demand for maritime shipping. A vital, if occasionally less obvious, component of the world
economy is marine transportation. The ports that these specialized ships visit, the industries, terminals,
distribution hubs, and markets that they pass through all make up the maritime transportation system.
When other forms of freight transportation are not available, maritime transportation must be used in their
place. Furthermore, the proper stowage and securing of cargo is of the utmost importance for the safety of
life at sea along with the IMO code, it will set standards for the safety and security of international
shipping. To ensure safe operation on board and document followed procedures a list is to be considered
at every phase namely; before loading, while in transit, and before discharge.

CHECKLIST
DECK CARGO
Prior to Loading
a) Verify that all necessary cargo documentation is available, including cargo manifests,
packing lists, and relevant permits or certificates.
b) Ensure that the cargo documentation matches the actual cargo being loaded.
c) Inspect the deck cargoes for any visible damage, leaks, or signs of instability.
d) Check for proper packaging, labeling, and markings on the cargo to ensure
compliance with regulations.
e) Ensure the weight of the cargo is within the vessel's load capacity limits.
f) Review the stowage plan to ensure it complies with stability requirements and
maintains even weight distribution and that the stowage plan considers compatibility
between different cargoes and avoids potential hazards.
g) Inspect the lashings, dunnage, and securing devices to ensure they are in good
condition and suitable for the cargo and verify that the lashings are properly
tensioned and securely attached to prevent shifting or movement of the cargoes.
h) Verify that the addition of the deck cargoes does not compromise the vessel's stability
or exceed stability limits.
i) Review the safety procedures for cargo handling and loading operations,
including emergency response protocols.
j) Communicate with the ship's crew, port authorities, and cargo owners to coordinate
loading operations and confirm that all relevant parties are aware of the cargo
details, loading plan, and any specific requirements.
k) Assess any potential risks or adverse conditions during loading. Consider delaying or
modifying loading plans if weather conditions pose a safety hazard.
l) Ensure compliance with international and local regulations governing deck cargo
loading, including the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) guidelines
 and
flag state regulations.
While in Transit
a) Regularly inspect the lashings, dunnage, and securing devices during transit to ensure
they remain in good condition and properly secure the deck cargoes, and check for
any signs of shifting, loosening, or damage to the lashings and re-secure as
necessary.
b) Continuously monitor the vessel's stability during transit, especially when
encountering rough weather or sea conditions and keep track of any changes in
stability parameters and make necessary adjustments if required.
c) Stay updated on weather forecasts and sea conditions throughout the voyage and take
appropriate actions in case of adverse weather conditions that may affect the stability
or safety of the deck cargoes, such as reducing speed, altering course or seeking
shelter.
d) Maintain regular communication with the vessel's crew, cargo owners, and relevant
authorities regarding the status of the deck cargoes and report any concerns or issues
related to the deck cargoes promptly.
e) Ensure that the crew is familiar with emergency response procedures specific to deck
cargoes and have necessary equipment and materials readily available for addressing
emergencies or securing cargoes in case of unexpected events.
Prior to Discharge
a) Inspect the deck cargoes for any damage or shifting that may have occurred during
transit and check for signs of moisture, leaks, or contamination that could affect the
cargo's integrity.
b) Verify that the lashings and securing devices are still intact and properly tensioned
and evaluate if any adjustments or additional securing measures are needed before
discharge.
c) Review the cargo documentation and ensure it matches the actual deck cargoes being
discharged and confirm that all necessary discharge permits and certificates are in
order.
d) Revisit the safety procedures for deck cargo discharge operations and ensure that the
crew is aware of the specific risks and hazards associated with the deck cargo being
discharged.
e) Communicate with the vessel's crew, port authorities, and cargo receivers to
coordinate the discharge operations and provide relevant information about the deck
cargoes and any specific requirements for safe and efficient discharge.

CONTAINER CARGO
Prior Loading
a) Inspect the containers for any visible damage, leaks, or structural issues. Ensure that
the containers are suitable for the intended cargo and comply with the relevant
standards and regulations.
b) Verify that all necessary cargo documentation, including shipping instructions,
packing lists, and customs documents, is complete and accurate. Also, ensure that the
cargo documentation matches the actual cargo to be loaded.
c) Confirm the weight and dimensions of the cargo and ensure they comply with the
container's maximum payload and size restrictions. Check that the cargo weight
 is evenly distributed within the container.

d) Ensure that the cargo inside the container is properly secured and protected against
shifting or damage during transit. Use appropriate dunnage, bracing, and blocking to
prevent movement within the container.
e) Ensure compliance with international and local regulations governing container
loading, such as the International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) and
customs requirements.
f) Verify that any hazardous or regulated cargo is properly declared and packaged
according to the applicable regulations.
While in Transit
a) Regularly inspect the containers during transit to ensure they remain in good
condition, with no signs of damage or tampering. Check for any signs of leaks,
pests,
or unauthorized access.
b) Monitor the container's location and status using tracking systems or communication
with the shipping line or logistics provider. Stay updated on any delays, route
changes, or incidents that may affect the container's transit.
c) In terms of transporting temperature-sensitive cargo, monitor and maintain the
required temperature and humidity levels within the container. Check the
functionality of refrigerated containers and temperature monitoring devices.
d) Maintain regular communication with the shipping line, freight forwarder, or logistics
provider for updates on the container's status and any potential issues.
e) Report any concerns or incidents related to the container or cargo promptly.
Prior to Discharge
a) Inspect the containers for any damage, leaks, or signs of tampering before discharge.
Ensure that the containers are in suitable condition for unloading and subsequent use,
or return to the shipping line.
b) Review the cargo documentation and ensure it matches the actual container cargo
being discharged. Confirm that all necessary discharge permits, customs clearance
documents, and delivery orders are in order.
c) Follow proper safety procedures during container discharge operations, including the
use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to safe working practices.
Ensure that the container is safely positioned and secured during the unloading
process.
d) Verify the cargo inside the container against the packing list or delivery order to
ensure accuracy and completeness. Check for any signs of damage or discrepancies
between the cargo and the documentation.
e) Communicate with the port authorities, cargo receivers, and relevant stakeholders to
coordinate the discharge operations and provide necessary information about the
container cargoes and any specific requirements for safe and efficient unloading.

BULK CARGO
Prior to Loading
a) Ensure that the bulk cargo is compatible with the vessel's cargo hold and
handling equipment.
b) Verify that the cargo is suitable for the vessel's structural strength and stability.
 c) Verify that all necessary cargo documentation, such as cargo manifests, material
safety data sheets (MSDS), and certificates, is complete and accurate. Ensure that the
cargo documentation complies with relevant regulations and provides necessary
information for handling and transportation.

d) Inspect the bulk cargo for any signs of contamination, moisture, or foreign objects.
Check for proper packaging, labeling, and marking of the cargo.
e) Confirm the weight and volume of the bulk cargo and ensure it falls within the
vessel's load capacity limits. Calculate the cargo's center of gravity and ensure it is
within acceptable limits for stability.
f) Ensure that the vessel has appropriate cargo handling equipment, such as grabs,
conveyors, or pumps, to handle the specific bulk cargo. Verify the equipment's
condition and functionality.
While in Transit
a) Monitor the stability of the bulk cargo during transit, especially in rough weather or
sea conditions. Regularly check for any signs of cargo shifting or settling that may
affect the vessel's stability.
b) Monitor and control the cargo's moisture content and temperature, if applicable.
c) Take necessary measures to prevent moisture ingress or excessive temperature
fluctuations that could compromise the cargo's quality.
d) Maintain communication with the vessel's crew, cargo owners, and relevant
authorities regarding the status of the bulk cargo.
e) Report any concerns or issues related to the cargo promptly.
Prior to Discharge
a) Inspect the bulk cargo for any changes in condition, such as moisture content,
temperature, or signs of degradation. Check for any contamination or foreign objects
that may have entered the cargo during transit.
b) Develop a discharge plan that considers the characteristics of the bulk cargo, the
vessel's stability, and the available discharge equipment. Ensure that the plan
complies with port regulations and safety requirements.
c) Follow proper safety procedures during the discharge operations, including the use of
personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to safe working practices. Ensure
that the cargo discharge equipment is in good condition and operated safely.
d) Communicate with the port authorities, cargo receivers, and relevant stakeholders to
coordinate the discharge operations.
e) Provide necessary information about the bulk cargo and any specific requirements for
safe and efficient unloading.

GENERAL CARGO
Prior to Loading
a) Verify that all necessary cargo documentation, such as packing lists, invoices, and
customs documents, is complete and accurate, and ensure that the cargo
documentation matches the actual cargo to be loaded.
b) Inspect the general cargo for any visible damage, leaks, or signs of deterioration and
check for proper packaging, labeling, and marking of the cargo.
 c) Confirm the weight and dimensions of the general cargo and ensure they comply
with the vessel's load capacity and any applicable restrictions. Check that the cargo
is evenly distributed within the cargo hold or container.
d) Determine the appropriate stowage plan for the general cargo, considering factors
such as weight distribution, compatibility, and accessibility and ensure that the cargo
is properly secured to prevent shifting or damage during transit.

e) Ensure compliance with international and local regulations governing the

transportation of general cargo, including dangerous goods regulations, customs
requirements, and any specific industry regulations.
While in Transit
a) Regularly inspect the general cargo during transit to ensure it remains in good
condition, with no signs of damage or tampering.
b) If transporting temperature-sensitive or perishable cargo, monitor and maintain the
required temperature and humidity levels, and check the functionality of
refrigeration or ventilation systems, if applicable.
c) Maintain regular communication with the shipping line, freight forwarder, or
logistics provider for updates on the cargo's status and any potential issues.
d) Report any concerns or incidents related to the cargo promptly.
e) Check for any signs of leaks, pests, or unauthorized access.
Prior to Discharge
a) Inspect the general cargo for any changes in condition, such as damage, moisture, or
signs of degradation, and check for any contamination or foreign objects that may
have affected the cargo during transit.
b) Review the cargo documentation and ensure it matches the actual general cargo
being discharged and confirm that all necessary discharge permits, customs
clearance documents, and delivery orders are in order.
c) Follow proper safety procedures during the discharge operations, including the use
of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to safe working practices, and
ensure that the cargo is safely positioned and handled during the unloading process.
d) Verify the general cargo against the packing list or delivery order to ensure accuracy
and completeness and check for any signs of damage or discrepancies between the
cargo and the documentation.
e) Communicate with the port authorities, cargo receivers, and relevant stakeholders to
coordinate the discharge operations, and provide necessary information about the
general cargo and any specific requirements for safe and efficient unloading.

A safe loading operation happens with careful planning, information sharing, and proper communication
between the ship’s crew and the shoreside personnel. Use this checklist to manage risk during loading and
unloading procedures. All personnel are required to follow this process during loading and unloading.
Where personnel identify a risk which is not captured in the scope of this document, they should report it to
their manager who will determine if updates are required to this checklist. This should be done through formal
safety feedback processes where available.
 Moreover, IMOs scope is to create, implement, and maintain standards for the
international shipping industry in the field of safety, environment, legal matters, and maritime
security (IMO, 2008). Permit to Work systems are a regular part of working life on board ships.
They ensure that proper planning has been carried out for a given work task and that all
associated risks have been properly considered; that appropriate safety control measures are in
place, and that all risks are properly managed.
In addition, using a checklist can aid in efficiency, save time, and keep the ship on
schedule. The result of inefficiency and delays can be costly recurring penalties and damage to
the business reputation.

References:
https://bulkcarrierguide.com/cargo-planning
https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/greening-transport
https://safetyculture.com/checklists/vessel-arrival-and-departure
https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/DangerousGoods-default.aspx
https://safety4sea.com/abbreviations-of-imo-codes/
https://www.imorules.com/GUID-4C9EC717-EE1A-4035-98E9-A53207309187.html