POWERPLANT NC 212i

DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS

1. PROPELLERS 1.2 PROPELLER ASSEMBLY

1. General 1. General

A. Propeller Assembly The four bladed propeller assemblies are hydraulically operated for reverse
thrust, feathering and pitch control. The propeller assemblies also have a
The four bladed propeller assemblies are hydraulically operated for synchronizing system. Control is by an engine mounted governor which
reverse thrust, feathering and pitch control. The propeller assemblies supplies engine oil to the propeller thru the propeller drive shaft.
also have a synchronizing system. Control is by an engine mounted
governor which supplies engine oil to the propeller thru the propeller
drive shaft.

B. Propeller Control

Propeller control has a propeller governor assembly and propeller

pitch control plus associated control linkage. These controls are
interrelated to provide two basic modes of operation: the Beta mode
and the propeller governing mode. A feathering valve controls the
supply of oil to the propeller variable pitch mechanism to limit
negative torque and provide an emergency feather facility.

C. Propeller Synchronization System

Propeller synchronization automatically transmits pilot fed information

to match RPM and propeller phase relationship over a limited range.

D. Propeller Indicating

Propeller indicating is indication of propeller pitch control (Beta) by

indicator lights.

Fig. 61 – 1 Propellers - Component Location

Chap 61- 1
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS
2. Description

The propeller blades are made from Duralumin. A reinforced rubber de-
ice boot is bonded to each blade inner section and covered with
conductive neoprene and self adhesive tape is installed to the leading
edge of each outer section.

Blade balancing is done by installing lead wool centrally in the blade root.
The lead wool is held in position by a plug. A counterweight installed to
each blade helps in pitch changing to coarse and feather.

Each blade rotates about its axis on a split race ball bearing during pitch
change. The larger thrust race locates in the hub with the smaller thrust
race which is held in place by a bearing sleeve and a spring ring, installed
on the blade root. An operating pin with a needle bearing assembly is
installed to the bottom face of the blade and is driven by the crosshead
installed in the hub.

The hub has two halves held together by bolts. Two plain holes are
provided in the hub rear wall for the installation of the engine shaft flange
dowels.

Four ports in the hub assembly house the blades and a seal in each port
prevents blade bearing grease leakage between blade root and hub arm.
Sealing rings are installed on the spigot diameter to prevent leakage of the
hub/cylinder joint and in the bore of each hub half.

The cylinder installed with bolts to the front half hub houses the reverse
and feather coil springs and piston. Two starting latches which hold the
piston and the propeller blades at 0º for engine starting are installed on
the cylinder. A plug fitted in the bore at the front of the cylinder provides
access to the oil transfer (Beta) tube which is attached to the piston.
Propeller static balance weights are installed as required under the
cylinder attachment bolts. A de-ice slip ring assembly is installed to the
hub rear and passes the electrical current from the brush gear to the Fig. 61 – 2 Propellers - General Arrangement
blade de-icing boots.

Chap 61- 2
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS
3. Operation

The propellers are controlled by an engine mounted governor which

regulates engine oil supply to the propeller operating mechanism through
the propeller shaft and Beta tube. The starting latches hold the blades at
the optimum angle for minimum starting torque. On engine start, the
latches move outward by the increasing centrifugal force, and are held in
fine pitch by hydraulic pressure.

Governor supply oil to the rear of the piston moves the piston away from
the hub against the action of the feather springs and counterweights. The
movement of the piston is transmitted thru the crosshead and operating
pins to the blades, which move towards fine pitch.

To move reverse pitch oil pressure is increased to force the piston against,
and to overcome the reverse spring. A stop stops the piston when full
reverse blade angle is reached. To increase blade pitch a valve is opened
in the governor to allow oil to be forced into the drain side of the system
by the action of the feather springs and counterweights. The piston moves
toward the hub and the movement is transmitted thru the crosshead and
operating pins to move the blades toward coarse pitch.

Feathering pitch is reached by a further reduction in oil pressure which lets

the feather springs and counterweights move the piston against the
feather stop. On engine shutdown reverse pitch is selected to make
certain that the piston moves past the starting latches. As engine oil
pressure behind the piston drops combined feather spring and
counterweight action move the piston toward the feather position. To stop
this, the spring loaded starting latches engage with the piston to lock the
blades in the optimum start position as spring force overcomes centrifugal
force.

Fig. 61 – 3 Propellers - Operation

Chap 61- 3
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS

1.3 PROPELLER CONTROL

1. General

Propeller control has a propeller governor assembly and propeller pitch

control plus associated control linkage. These controls are interrelated to
provide two basic modes of operation: the Beta mode and the propeller
governing mode. A feathering valve controls the supply of oil to the
propeller variable pitch mechanism to limit negative torque and provide an
emergency feather facility.

2. Description

The propeller governor assembly installed on the lower LH side of the

reduction gear rear casing, has an integral gear pump, metering valve and
flyweight governor. The propeller governor speed setting shaft is
connected to the engine underspeed governor shaft by mechanical
linkage.

The propeller pitch control is installed on the rear of the reduction gear
section on the propeller shaft center line and has a ported sleeve
positioned by a cam. The control end of the Beta tube rides inside the
ported sleeve. The feathering valve installed on the rear of the reduction
gear casing is hydraulically actuated by the torque sensor assembly but
can also be manually actuated by direct control from the flight
compartment. An electrically operated unfeathering pump installed on the
LH side of the engine supplies pressure to unfeather the propeller.

Fig. 61 – 4 Propeller Control - Component

Location

Chap 61- 4
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS
3. Operation

Beta Mode provides flight compartment control of propeller blade angle

and selection of engine speed. It is also used for ground operation and
reverse pitch braking. Propeller governor mode provides for flight
compartment control of engine power and selection of engine speed
governing. In this mode the propeller governor controls the blade angle to
maintain a constant engine speed regardless of the selected power
setting. It is used for all airborne operations. Engine oil fed to the
propeller governor is pressurized by the governor pump to position blade
angle in the governing mode. Oil flow is metered by the metering valve
and controlled by the flyweight governor in response to the engine speed
change. The oil flow is metered to maintain pressure in the pitch control
and propeller setting the blade angle required to maintain the selected
speed setting.

Mechanical linkage connects the propeller governor speed setting shaft to

the underspeed governor shaft. Movement of the flight compartment
control lever determines the amount of preload on the speeder spring
which controls the flyweights.

In the beta mode the propeller governor supplies high pressure oil to the
propeller control components, and flight compartment control is done by
positioning the cam in the propeller pitch control. The Beta tube oil supply
holes are then in line with the ported sleeve in the pitch control unit to
supply pressure to balance the propeller piston spring.

In response to the torque sensor unit or operation of the flight

compartment EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN lever the feathering valve stops
the pressure oil flow to the propeller pitch control and relieves oil pressure
in the propeller piston to allow the piston assembly springs to move the
blades toward the feather position.

Fig. 61 – 5 Propeller Control Schematic

Chap 61- 5
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS
1.4 PROPELLER SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEM

1. General

Propeller synchronization automatically transmits pilot fed information to

match RPM and propeller phase relationship over a limited range.

2. Description

Propeller synchronization has the equipment required to automatically

match the RPM of the two engines and allows the pilot to select any
desired phase relationship between the propellers. The RPM of one engine
will follow changes in the RPM of the other engine over a predetermined
limited range.

Fig. 61 – 6a Propeller Synchronization System -

Component Location

Chap 61- 6
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS
A. Control Unit

The control unit is a rotary switch in a unit installed in the flight

compartment on the overhead panel. The unit also contains
transistorized circuitry. Initial movement of the switch sets the switch
to ON. Further rotation of the switch will change the propeller phase.

B. Indicator Light

The green indicator light located on a panel gives visual indication to

the pilot that the synchronizer circuit is energized.

C. Synchronization Unit

The coil is installed in each propeller governor close to the flyweights.

When the signal from the probe to the control unit registers a
difference the coil voltage will vary to bring the engine RPM back to
exactly match.

Fig. 61 – 6b Propeller Synchronization System - Fig. 61 – 7 Control Unit

Component Location

Chap 61- 7
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS
D. Probe 3. Operation

The probe is located on the propeller de-icing modular bush assembly
with a target fitted on the slip ring. Signals picked up by the probe
from the target are transmitted to the control unit.
With the propeller turning, electrical impulses generated by the disc target
passing each probe are fed into the control unit. Any difference in the
pulse rates will cause the control unit to change the governor speed
setting by varying the voltage applied to the synchronization unit until the
RPM of the engines exactly match. Normal mechanical operation of the
governor is unchanged.

4. Interface

The propeller synchronization system interfaces with the distribution

system.

Fig. 61 – 8 Synchronizer Probe

Chap 61- 8
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS

1.5 PROPELLER INDICATING 4. Interface

Propeller indicating interfaces with the propeller pitch control system.

1. General

Propeller indicating is indication of propeller pitch control (Beta) by

indicator lights.

2. Description

A LH and RH BETA light is installed on the pilot and copilot instrument

panel. A pressure switch is installed in the oil line of each propeller pitch
control system.

A. Beta Light

The Beta light is a single lamp unit with a green front screen. It has a
press-to-test and dimming facility.

B. Pressure Switch

The pressure switch is a cylindrical unit with an oil port at one end and an
electrical connector at the other. The electrical contacts close when a
predetermined oil pressure is sensed.

3. Operation

The LH and RH indicating system are each powered from the 28VDC ESS
BUS No. 2 thru individual circuit breakers.

When the Beta mode is selected by the propeller pitch control system, the
pressure switch senses the oil pressure of the system. The operating
pressure closes the pressure switch contacts and switches on the Beta
lights.
Fig. 61 – 9 Propeller Indications - Component
Location
Chap 61- 9
 POWERPLANT NC 212i
DIRGATARA INDONESIA
INDONESIAN AEROSPACE (IAe) PROPELLERS

Fig. 61 – 10 Propeller Indicating - Electrical

Schematic

C h a p 6 1 - 10