BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES – PROCESS TO OUTPUT ANALYSIS

Introduction
In this fast-evolving world community, manufacturing industries gain the
maximum
attention as the world is moving towards an automated environment. In this case,
the process
that every production industry undergoing is always a curiosity from a user end
perspective. So,
for this purpose I selected Britannia Biscuits to identify the process involved.

Raw Materials Required

The key materials in the food industries is predominantly water, since it
consumes lot of
water. The major raw materials required in the Britannia Industries are:
a) Wheat Flour
Wheat Flour acts as a principal agent in the Biscuit process. It has the
unique ability to
form gluten. The quantity of quality of gluten are important in assessing the
strength of flour.
b) Water
Water acts as a dispersion medium for sugar and other chemicals. The
combination and
consistency of water is very much important for biscuits. It also acts as a
strengthening and
leaving agent.
c) Fats and Oils
It is the Tenderizing Agent in the process and acts as lubricants in the
biscuit
manufacturing process.
d) Sugar
Sugar helps in Caramelization and adds natural taste and flavor to the
biscuit.
e) Salt
Salt acts as preservative, flavor enhancer and binding aid in the
process.
f) Milk and Milk products
Milk is the key ingredient in this production. It acts as the flavor and
taste contributor.
Also, helps to enhance crust color and bloom. It improves tenderness of the
product.
g) Flavors and Colors
They act as taste and color enhancer of the biscuits. Provides stability at
the product pH.
h) Leavening Agent
These raise the volume of the dough. The two primary leavening agent
involved in the
Britannia biscuits are:
a) S.B.C - Sodium Bicarbonate b) A.B.C – Ammonium Bicarbonate

Manufacturing Process
There are several process involved in the manufacturing process and the no
of steps are
involved in the process is mentioned below:
1) Making dough by mixing the ingredients
Mixing of all the ingredients can be done through single or multiple stages
depending upon the
type of biscuit to be manufactured. The mixing temperature and dough consistency
play
important role to the quality of biscuits.
Dough mixer is the machinery required in this process. It mixes the ingredients to
make dough.
Based on the orientation and the rotation pattern, the dough mixer can be
horizontal, vertical,
spiral and planetary types.

Process of creating dough

2) Process of Fermentation
The fermentation plays important role in the manufacturing biscuit, cookies and all
other types
of bakery products.
Fermentation is happen in presence of Yeast, so, the dough has to be mixed with
yeast and
keep it for 20-26 hours to ferment.
Dough mixer is once again used in this process since, it can mix yeast with the
dough. After the
fermentation, the dough is placed on hoper connected to the conveyor and the
journey of
manufacturing cracker starts.

PREPARED DOUGH

3) Giving the shape process

There are several steps involved in the giving the shape process they are:
Step 1: The soft dough is first made flat to make sheets out of the dough.
Step 2: The dough sheets then compressed under series of rollers.
Step 3: The compressed dough sheets now conditioned to make it hard enough to apply
toppings above it.
Step 4: Toppling of creams or other materials are added over the sheets.
Step 5: The sheet then fed into the rotary cutter. The rotary cutter, a rotating
roller with cups
attached around it, is used then to get the desired shaped biscuits ready to bake.
There are several machineries involved in this process of shaping the biscuits,
let’s see them
one by one:
Laminators: Laminator performs the rolling operation to flatten the dough.
Laminator can be of
horizontal or vertical types.
Gauge roll stand: This machine compresses the flat dough to make it little thin and
hard. Here
again the flat dough is passed under series of rolls pairs.
Rotary cutter: It has a pair of rollers with the desired shaped cups attached
surround it. The
machine can convert the dough sheet in to biscuits.

Biscuit grinding machine

4) Baking the Raw Biscuits

The biscuits from the rotary cutting machine are supplied to the oven for baking it
in desired
temperature for desired durations.
Ovens are used in the process of baking the biscuits. The ovens can be of gas
fired, coal fired,
electrically heated to primarily categorize it.
It can also vary based on the production rate. Basically an oven consists of
conveyor and the
heating sources.
 Biscuits in Conveyor Belt
5) Testing
The hot biscuits need to be cooled before it can be tested or packaged. The cooling
is done over
the conveyor itself. After the cooling, samples of the cookies are tested to ensure
quality and
tests. Apart from manual testing different other testing are also performed using
the reagents
in the laboratory.

6) Packaging and Supply

The conveyor is connected to the weighing and packing machine after the cooling.
Automatic
weighing and packing is done here.

Packaging in Biscuits
Famous Products of Britannia
MARIE-GOLD: It is one of the oldest product of Britannia. Marie gold has been the
loved brand
for tea break. These biscuits are made of wheat, minerals etc.

GOOD-DAY: Good-day is ever-green product from Britannia. This product created

revolution in
the cookies (small flat sweet cakes) segment. Britannia launched good-day in 1986
in two
assortments Cashew& Butter.

50-50: This Biscuit has a salty taste and youthful appeal. Britannia introduces
these biscuits in
1993. Later, this product is rebranded these products as 50-50 Maska-Chaska in 2008
as
created in the flavor of sweet and salty.
MILK BIKIS: It got introduced as 1996. Followed by the success, Milk Bikis cream
biscuit has
been launched with smiley faces and are full of milk-cream. Britannia promoted
these products
has “eating milk”.

TIGER: This was launched in 1997.Tiger biscuits are the prevalent brand in the
child segment
and provides both fun and energy. Followed by its huge success it has also been
sub-
categorized as Tiger Cream, Tiger Choco and Tiger Glucose etc.

BOURBON: Bourbon’s journey started from 1955 and got succeeded because it consists
of
thick, rich and tasty Choco placed in the between two Choco biscuits, crowned with
sugar
diamond.
TREAT: Another cream biscuit from the Britannia brand. The vital reason for making
the treat
biscuit for kids of all ages. Britannia Treat is the much-loved cream biscuit among
kids.

BRITANNIA CAKE: Britannia cake has been launched and moving successfully in recent
years.
Also, Britannia launched as Veg-cakes exclusive for vegetarians.

WAFERS: The latest launch which became sensation is the Britannia wafers, which got
launched
in 4 different flavors and became a huge success in the market.
How cost is allocated for biscuits in Britannia?
The unit cost of an item is the total cost of producing a unit of a product
including the
variable and fixed cost components of producing the item although businesses can
include
some or all storage and warehousing cost components in the unit cost depending on
the nature
of the product, business and operations. The unit cost is usually further broken
down to
understand the major input costs and the split between variable and fixed costs in
producing
the product.
Price is the cost of the product that the customer pay to in terms of the monetary
value. In
general, pricing a product plays an important role for any company to achieve major
market
share. Company fix price for a product based on the factors like: fixed &variable
costs, company
objectives, competition, etc. Price is one of the main factor that affect the
consumer buying
process. Some of the pricing strategies adopted by Britannia which made them
successful are:

Pricing Strategies adopted by Britannia

1] Competition pricing: Britannia set a price which is reasonable when compared
with other
competitors which made them a market leader.
2] Product line Pricing: This is the method of pricing different products within
the same product
line at different price points. It results in more benefit and the feature given
the superior
consumer will pay. This pricing discrimination helps the company in maximizing the
profits.
3] Bundle pricing: Bundles a group of products at a reduced price when providing
the family
packs.
4] Value-based pricing: It means providing good quality product and service for a
reasonable
and affordable price.

Reason of success for Britannia

The Britannia Company mainly focus on the middle class, lower middle class
families.
Also, kids is their primary attraction for their more innovative launches in the
market. Britannia
has worked a lot on fixing the price of its biscuits.
Every Britannia products will start from a minimum price Rs.5 with a maximum price
of Rs.100.
Thus, Britannia products are much better in quality and are good in price as well.
The pricing strategy along with distribution has been so strong, that people buy
these products
even on Railway stations and while traveling, instead of buying local snacks.
Price list of Britannia Biscuits
The following picture displays the price list of Britannia Products: