SOLUTIONS

SOLVED QUESTIONS AND NUMERICALS

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

1. Name the symptoms when low blood oxygen causes climbers to become weak and unable to think
clearly.
Ans. Anoxia
2. If α is the +degree of dissociation of Na2SO4, then write the Vant’ Hoff factor used for calculating
the molecular mass.

Ans. a. = i – 1 / n – 1+, a (n – 1) = i – 1, 1+a (n – 1) = i, i= 1+a + (3 – 1), i=1+2 a

3. What happens when mango is placed in dilute aqueous solution of HCl ?
Ans. It swells.
4. Out of (a) 1 M CaCl2 (b) 1 M AlCl3 which aqueous soln. will show max. vapour pressure at 300K?
Ans. (a) 1M AlCl3.
Assuming 100% dissociation, i for CaCl2 = 3 and AlCl3 = 4 and
relative lowering of V. P. =i. XB
5. Why is a person suffering from high blood pressure advised to take minimum quantity of common
salt ?
Ans. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the conc. of solutes. Our body fluid contain a number
of solutes. On taking large amount of salts the concentration of the fluid is raised. As a result osmotic
pressure increases which may rupture the blood cells.
6. Arrange the following solution in order of increasing order of their freezing point,
assuming complete dissociation for each one of them:-
0.1molar sodium sulphate, 0.1molar Mohr`s salt, 0.1 molar sodium chloride and 0.1molar urea.

Ans. 0.1M mohr`s salt sol < 0.1M sodium sulphate sol < 0.1M sodium chloride.< 0.1 urea.
7. How is Henry`s law constant KH related to solubility?
Ans. Higher the value of KH lower is the solubility .
8. How is solubility of a gas in a liquid related to temperature?
Ans. Solubility of gas in liquid decreases with rise in temperature.
9. What will happen to the freezing point of a solution when mercuric iodide is added to an aqueous
solution of KI?
Ans. K2HgI4 will be formed , which decreases the number of solute particles thereby decreasing ∆Tf
and increasing Tf
10. What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by (a) solution of acetone and chloroform (b)
solution of acetone and carbon disulphide. Justify on the basis of strength of intermolecular
interactions that develop in the solution.
Ans: (a) Maximum boiling azeotrope , negative deviation.
(b) Minimum boiling azeotrope, positive deviation.
11. KH values for Ar, CO2, HCHO, CH4 are 40.39, 1.67, 1.83x10-5 and 0.413 respectively. Arrange these
gases in the order of their increasing solubility.

Ans: Ar < CO2< CH4 <HCHO. Higher the value of KH lower is the solubility.

1
 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS. (2 OR 3 MARKS EACH)
12. What is the necessary condition for the occurrence of reverse osmosis. Give example
Ans. When external pressure is greater than osmotic pressure on the solution side, the flow of solvent can
be made to proceed from solution to pure solvent, .Example desalination of sea water.
13. Out of (a) 200 ml of 2 M NaCl Soln and (b) 200 ml of 1 M glucose Soln. which one has higher osmotic
pressure and why?
Ans. (a) 200 of 2 M NaCl Soln.

NaCl is an electrolyte which dissolve to give ions. Glucose and urea are non electrolytes. Thus
glucose has minimum conc. and hence minimum osmotic pressure.
14 Out of (a) HNO3 + H2O and (b) C6H6 + C6H5CH3 which will form max. boiling azeotrope? Explain.

Ans. (a) HNO3 + H2O.

They show negative deviation from Raoult`s law as A-B interaction is greater than A-A and B-
B interaction.
15. Why can we not separate water completely from ethyl alcohol by fractional distillation?

Ans. Ethyl alcohol and water (95.4% ethyl alcohol and 4.6% water) form constant boiling mixture
(azeotrope) boiling at 351.1 °K. Hence, further water cannot be separated completely from ethyl
alcohol by fractional distillation.
16. Which colligative property is preferred for the molar mass determination of macro molecules? Why ?
Ans. Osmotic pressure is preferred over all other colligative properties because :
(a) Osmotic Pressure can be measured at room temp.
Measure at high temp, which might disintegrate the macromolecules.
(b) Molarity of solution is used instead of molality.
17. Given in the figure is a plant for carrying out a process.
(i) Name the process.
(ii)To which container should the solvent flow.
(iii)Write the chemical name of a SPM which can be used in this plant.
(iv)Give a practical use of the plant.

Ans:- (i)Reverse osmosis

(ii)Solvent flows from salt water chamber to fresh water chamber.
(iii)Cellulose acetate.
(iv)Desalination of sea water.
18. Give reasons:-
(i)2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 25 gm benzene, the experimentally determined molar mass is
always greater than the true value.
(ii) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water.
2
 (iii) Bottle. of liquid ammonia is generally cooled before opening the seal.

Ans(i) In benzene , benzoic acid dimerises, so number of particles decreases , so the value of colligative
property decreases by half. Molar mass calculated on the basis of this will be twice the expected
value.
(ii) Solubility of oxygen gas is higher at lower temperature and hence aquatic life is more comfortable
at lower temperature.
(iii) On cooling , the vapour pressure decreases , so ammonia will be prevented from splashing.
19. (i) Explain the following phenomenon with the help of Henry`s law:-
(a) Painful condition known as bends
(b) Feeling of weakness and discomfort in breathing in high altitude.
(ii) Why soda water bottle kept at room temperature fizzes on opening?

Ans. (i) (a) Deep sea divers suffer from bends as solubility of air (O 2 and N2) in blood increases due to
high pressure at sea level. O2 is used up in biological process but N2 gets assimilated. When divers
ascend , pressure reduces, N2 forms bubbles and causes discomfort or pain.
(b) At high altitude the pressure is low , so amount of oxygen in blood dissolved is less and people
suffer from breathing problem, nausea(anoxia)
(ii) Soda water bottle is sealed under high pressure so amount of gas dissolved is high. When the

bottle is opened the solubility decreases due to decrease in pressure and the extra gas fizzes

out.

SOLVE THE FOLLOWING NUMERICALS:

20. How much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1 litre of water so that the solution will freeze at -10 oC?

Kf for water = 1.86KKgmol-1.

Ans. DTf = Kf x (1000xWb)/ W aM b

Wb = mass of solute , Mb = molar mass of solute

Wa = mass of solvent,
10 = (1.86 x1000 x Wb ) /1000x46 ,
Wb = 247.31 g
21. If 6.023 × 1020 molecules of urea are present in 100 ml of its soln. then what is the conc. of urea soln.?
Ans. N0 = 6.023 × 1023 = 1 mol , 6.023 × 1020 molecules = 0.001 mol in 100 ml ,
M =[ nB /V(mL)]x1000
= 0.01 M.
22. Calculate the molarity of pure water?
Density of water= 1g/cc , number of moles of water= 1000/18=55.5
Molarity of water = 55.5M
23. Calculate the molarity, molality and mole fraction of ethyl alcohol in a solution of total
volume 95mL prepared by adding 50 mL ethyl alcohol (density = 0.789g/mL) to 50 mL
water.(density = 1g/mL)
Ans: Molarity = 9.027M , molality = 17.152m , Mole fraction = 0.236.

3
 24. Two solns of a substance (non-electrolyte) are mixed in the following manner – 480 ml of 1.5 M
(First Soln) + 520 ml of 1.2 M (Second Soln). What is the molarity of the final mixture ?

Ans. Total molarity = M1 V1+ M 2 V2 /( V1 + V2)= 1.344 M

25. Equimolal Soln of NaCl and BaCl2 are prepared in H2O. Freezing point of NaCl is found to be -2°C. What will
be the freezing point of BaCl2 soln ?

Ans. i for NaCl = 2 , i for BaCl2 = 3, D Tf (NaCl) /DTf (BaCl2 )=2/ 3 ,

Therefore DTf (BaCl2 )== 3 x(2 )/ 2 ,D Tf for BaCl2 = 3 °C, Tf = – 3 °C.
26. If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293 K, how many millimoles of N2 gas would dissolve in 1
litre of water. Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that Henry’s law constant
for N2 at 293 K is 76.48 kbar.

Ans.

.
27. Two gram of benzoic acid (C 6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing
point equal to 1.62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg/ mol. What is the percentage
association of acid if it forms dimer in solution?

Ans. ∆Tf = ixKf x m

1.62=ix 4.9x2/122x 0.025
i=0.496
α=( i-1)/(1/n-1) = (0.496-1)/(0.5-1)= 0.992
α= 99.2%
28. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate :- (a)
the freezing point depression and (b) the freezing point of the solution.

Ans m = no of moles of solute/ wt of solvent per kg

= (45/62)x (1000/600)
= 1.2 m
∆Tf = Kf .m= 1.86 x 1.2=2.2 0
Tf = (273 – 2.2) =270.95 K

29. If the solubility product of CuS is 6 × 10 –16, calculate the maximum molarity of CuS in aqueous
solution.

Ans:- Ksp= S2

4
 S= =( 6 x 10-16) ½ = 2.45 x 10-8 M
30. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K 2SO4 in 2 litre of water
at 25° C.

Ans. π = iCRT = i xWbx RxT

Mbx V
= 3x 0.025x298
174x 2
= 5.27x 10-3 atm

31. Heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid components
are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a mixture of 26.0 g of
heptane and 35 g of octane?

Ans. PB= PB0 XB

= 105.2x0.449=47.23
PA= PA0 XA
= 46.8x 0.551= 25.79
Total pr= 47.23+ 25.79
= 73.02kPa
Mole fraction in vapour phase = PA/ (PA+ PB)
= 25.29/ 73.02
= 0.353
32. The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300 K. Calculate vapour pressure of 1 molal solution of a
non-volatile solute in it.

Ans. 1molal solution means 1 mole of solute is present in 1 kg water.

XB = 1/ (1+ 55.5)= 0.0177
XA = 1-0.0177= 0.9823
PA= PA0 x XA = 12.3 X 0.9823= 12.08 kPa

33. Chloroacetic acid is a monoprotic acid and has Ka = 1.36 × 10 –3. Calculate the boiling point of 0.01 M
aqueous solution ? (Kb = 0.51 k kg/mol)
Ans. Kb = 0.51 k kg/mol , a = Ka/ C = 1.36 × 10–3 / 0.01 = 0.3687 ,
i = 1 +a = 1 + 0.3687 = 1.3687 DTb = i × Kb x m = 1.36 × 10–2 ×0 .51
DTb = 0.0069 °C

34. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol –1) which should be dissolved in 114 g
octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

Ans :- PA0 - Ps = XB
PA0

5
 WB = [(PA0 – Ps) x MB x WB ] / PA0 x MA
= [(100-80) x 40 x 114] / 100 x 114 = 8g
35. At 300K , 30g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98bar. If the
osmotic pressure of a glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what would be its
concentration?

Ans: п =CRT

4.98= (30/180/1)RT ----(i)

1.52=CRT …..(ii)
Divide equation (ii) by (i)
C=0.0506 mol/L