Index

S. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Aim

2. Apparatus Required

3. Introduction

4. Colgate Max white

5. Sencodyne

6. Colgate Herbal

7. Colgate Total

8. Result

9. Conclusion

10. Bibliography
 AIM

To find out the acid and basic radicals (anions and

cations) present in four different samples of toothpastes.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Beakers
Test tubes
Glass rod
Spirit lamp
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Concentrated hydrochloric acid
Barium chloride solution
Concentrated nitric acid
Ammonium molybdate
Magnesium sulphate solution
Magnesia mixture
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium sulphide
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium carbonate
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Potassium chromate
 Ammonium sulphate
Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium phosphate solution

Introduction:

Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice to clean and maintain the

aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral
hygiene: it serves as an abrasive that aids in removing the dental
plaque and food from the teeth and delivers active ingredients such
as fluoride to help prevent tooth and gum disease .
TOOTHPASTE 1: Colgate max white
Colour: Light blue
Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Test for Acid Radicals (Anions)
Preliminary tests
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Test for Carbonate: To No characteristic Carbonate was

a little of the salt in a dry reaction. absent
test tube, add dil. HCl.
2. Test for Sulphate: To a White precipitate was Sulphate was
few ml. of salt solution formed. present.
add dil. HCl and a few
drops of BaCl2.
3. Test for Phosphate: To Deep yellow precipitate Phosphate was
a little salt solution add was formed. present.
conc. HNO3 and
ammonium molybdate
and warm.
4. Test for Nitrate: To a Dark brown fumes were Nitrate is present.
small quantity salt evolved.
solution in a test tube add
conc. H2SO4 and heat.
Confirmatory Tests:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1.Sulphate: Add acetic A white precipitate was Presence of
acid and lead acetate formed. Sulphate is
solution to the original confirmed .
solution.
2.Phosphate: Add A white precipitate was Presence of
magnesia mixture to obtained. Phosphate
original solution. confirmed.
3. Brown Ring Test: Add A dark brown ring was Presence of
come freshly prepared formed at the junction Nitrate confirmed.
Ferrous sulphate to the of layers.
original solution and pour
a few drops of conc.
Sulphuric acid.

Test for Basic Radicals (Cations)

Group Detection table:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To salt add dil. HCl. No characteristic Group I absent.

reaction.

To solution, add dil. No characteristic Group II absent.

HCl and sodium reaction.
sulphide.

To solution, add No characteristic Group III absent.

ammonium chloride reaction.
and ammonium
hydroxide.

Divide solution into 3

parts
To one part, add No characteristic Group IV absent.
sodium sulphide. reaction.

To second part add White precipitate was Group V present.

ammonium hydroxide observed.
and ammonium
carbonate.

To last part, add No characteristic Group VI absent.

potassium dihydrogen reaction.
phosphate.

Confirmatory Tests

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Flame Test: Make a Brick red flame was

Presence of Calcium
paste of the salt with observed.
ion confirmed.
conc. HCl. Take a part
of it at the tip of a
glass rod and show it
to a non luminous
flame.

TOOTHPASTE 2: Sensodyne

Colour: White
Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Test for Acid Radicals (Anions)
Preliminary Tests
 EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Test for Carbonate: No characteristic Carbonate was absent.

To a little of the salt reaction.
add dil. HCl.

2.Test for Sulphate: White precipitate was Sulphate was present.

To original solution formed.
add dil. HCl and a little
BaCl2

3.Test for Phosphate: Deep yellow Phosphate was

To original solution precipitate was present.
add conc. HNO3 and formed.
ammonium
molybdate and warm.

4.Test for Nitrate: To Dark brown fumes Nitrate was present .

a small quantity of evolved.
salt add H2SO4 and
heat.

Confirmatory Tests

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1.Sulphate: Add acetic A white precipitate was Presence of
acid and lead acetate formed. sulphate is
solution to the original confirmed.
solution.
2.Phosphate: Add A white precipitate was Presence of
magnesia mixture to obtained. Phosphate
original solution. confirmed.
3. Brown Ring Test: Add A dark brown ring was Presence of
come freshly prepared formed at the junction Nitrate is
Ferrous sulphate to the of layers. confirmed.
original solution and pour
a few drops of conc.
Sulphuric acid.

Test for Basic Radicals (Cations)

Group Detection table:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To salt add dil. HCl. No characteristic Group I absent.

reaction.

To solution, add dil. No characteristic Group II absent.

HCl and sodium reaction.
sulphide.

To solution, add No characteristic Group III absent.

ammonium chloride reaction.
and ammonium
hydroxide.

Divide solution into 3

parts.

To one part, add No characteristic Group IV absent.

sodium sulphide. reaction.
To second part add White precipitate was Group V present.
ammonium hydroxide observed.
and ammonium
carbonate.

To last part, add White crystalline Group VI present.

potassium dihydrogen precipitate was
phosphate. obtained.

Confirmatory Tests:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Flame Test: Make a Brick red flame was

Presence of Calcium
paste of the salt with observed
ion confirmed.
conc. HCl. Take a part
of it at the tip of a
glass rod and show it
to a non luminous
flame
Ash Test: To the salt Pink ash was
Presence of
add few drops of conc observed.
Magnesium ion
HNO and a few drops
confirmed .
of dil. Cobalt nitrate
and boil thoroughly.
Dip a filter paper into
the solution and burn
the filter paper to
ashes.

TOOTHPASTE 3: Colgate Total

Colour: Blue and White (Striped)

Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Test for Acid Radicals (Anions)

Preliminary Tests

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1.Test for Halides: To Colourless gas is Either chorine or

a pinch of the salt, add evolved. fluorine is present.
conc. H2SO4 And
warm.

2.Test for Sulphate: White precipitate was Sulphate was absent.

To original solution formed.
add dil. HCl and a little
BaCl2

3.Test for Phosphate: Deep yellow Phosphate was absent.

To original solution precipitate was
add conc. HNO3 and formed.
ammonium molybdate
and warm.

Confirmatory Test

Silver Nitrate Test: To No characteristic Chlorine was absent,

a portion of the salt reaction observed. therefore, presence of
solution and add dil. flourine confirmed.
Nitric acid, boil , cool
and then silver nitrate
solution.

Test for Basic Radicals (Cations)

Group Detection table:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To salt add dil. HCl. No characteristic Group I absent.
reaction.

To solution, add dil. No characteristic Group II absent.

HCl and sodium reaction.
sulphide.

To solution, add No characteristic Group III absent.

ammonium chloride reaction.
and ammonium
hydroxide.

Divide solution into 3

parts.

To one part, add No characteristic Group IV absent.

sodium sulphide. reaction.

To second part add White precipitate was Group V present.

ammonium hydroxide observed.
and ammonium
carbonate.

To last part, add No characteristic Group VI absent.

potassium dihydrogen reaction.
phosphate.

Confirmatory Tests:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Flame Test: Make a Brick red flame was
Presence of calcium
paste of the salt with observed
ion confirmed.
conc. HCl. Take a part
of it at the tip of a
glass rod and show it
to a non luminous
flame

TOOTHPASTE 4: Colgate Herbal

Colour: Green and White

Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Test for Acid Radicals (Anions)
Preliminary Tests

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Test for Carbonate: Brisk effervescence Carbonate was

To a little of the salt was observed with present.
add dil. HCl. evolution of a gas
which turns lime water
milky.

Test for Sulphate: To No characteristic Sulphate was absent.

original solution add reaction.
dil. HCl and a little
BaCl2

Test for Phosphate: No characteristic Phosphate was

To original solution reaction. absent.
add conc. HNO3 and
ammonium
molybdate and warm.

Test for Nitrate: To a Dark brown fumes Nitrate was present.

small quantity of salt evolved.
add H2SO4 and heat.

Confirmatory Test:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1.Carbonate: To a few White precipitate was Presence of Carbonate

ml. of the salt solution formed. is confirmed.
add magnesium
sulphate solution.

2. Brown Ring Test: Add A dark brown ring was Presence of Nitrate is
come freshly prepared formed at the junction confirmed.
Ferrous sulphate to the of layers.
original solution and
pour a few drops of
conc. Sulphuric acid.

Test for Basic Radicals (Cations)

Group Detection table:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To salt add dil. HCl. No characteristic Group I absent.
reaction.

To solution, add dil. No characteristic Group II absent.

HCl and sodium reaction.
sulphide.

To solution, add No characteristic Group III absent.

ammonium chloride reaction.
and ammonium
hydroxide.

Divide solution into 3

parts.

To one part, add No characteristic Group IV absent.

sodium sulphide. reaction.

To second part add White precipitate was Group V absent.

ammonium hydroxide observed.
and ammonium
carbonate.

To last part, add White crystalline Group VI present.

potassium dihydrogen precipitate was
phosphate. obtained.

Confirmatory Tests:
Ash Test: To the salt Pink ash was
Presence of
add few drops of conc observed.
Magnesium ion
HNO and a few drops
confirmed.
of dil. Cobalt nitrate
and boil thoroughly.
Dip a filter paper into
the solution and burn
the filter paper to
ashes.

RESULT

All toothpastes have different radicals. Of the anions, Nitrate is

the most common. While, of the cations, Calcium ion (Ca2+) and
Magnesium ion ( Mg2+) are equally common. The following acid
and basic radicals were found in the respective toothpastes:

NAME ANIONS PRESENT CATIONS PRESENT

ColgateMax Sulphate, Calcium
White Phosphate, Nitrate

Sensodyne Sulphate, Calcium,

Phosphate, Nitrate Magnesium

Colgate Total Fluoride Calcium

Colgate Herbal Carbonate, Nitrate Magnesium

 Bibliography

1. www.toothpaste.com

2. www.parentoddler.com

3. www.wikipidia.org