METHODOLOGY

In this study, surveying methods are applied to gather data for determining the
accuracy and precision of the subtense bar aided by a total station. The following
methods are used; fabrication of the subtense bar, gathering horizontal distance using the
subtense bar aided by a total station. The first step to do in order to proceed and
determine the accuracy, precision, and gathering horizontal distance observation is the
fabrication of the Subtense Bar and it will be aided by total station. The procedure will be
used in getting the horizontal distance observation during this process. Lastly, it is also
needed to have a horizontal distance observation using the Total Station instrument to be
compared with the gathered data by the Subtense Bar.

The Distance Observations

1. 0-25 m

2. 0-50 m

3. 0-100 m

4. 0-150 m

5. 0-200 m
 THE USE OF WOOD FOR THE FABRICATION AND OBSERVATION OF HORIZONTAL
FABRICATION OF SUBTENSE CALIBRAITON OF SUBTENSE DISTANCE USING SUBTENSE
BAR BAR BAR AND TOTAL STATION

The thermal expansion of wood
is relatively low because of the
porosity of timber. It exhibits a low
thermal conductivity (high heat-
insulating capacity) compared with
materials such as metals, marble,
glass, and concrete.
The fabrication and calibration
of Subtense Bar is made possible
with the help of the gathered
information from the internet and
reference books.
It can observe subtense bar
with direct distance observation
simultaneously.

OBTAINING HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR IN TAPING AND

SUBTENSE BAR FORMULA ELECTRONIC DISTANCE METER

The subtense bar formula will be applied

in obtaining the horizontal distance, the
formula are aas follows: The data obtained using tape and
electronic distance meter (EDM) with a
tan (ɑ/2) = (S/2)/D Where: subtense bar will be compared and evaluated
s= 2.00 m to know the advantage and disadvantage of the
D=(S/2)/ tan(ɑ/2) D=horizontal distance subtense bar instrument.
ɑ=angles subtended by
D=1/ tan (ɑ/2) the targets

D=cot (ɑ/2)
The Wood for Fabrication

The researcher will use Molave (Tugas) wood to fabricate the subtense bar. It is a valued
hardwood species and has been used to make furniture, construction materials, and
decorative objects, among other things. According to Kerto (2021), the thermal expansion
coefficient of wood is in the range from 3.5 to 5.0 × 10-6/K. Although wood expands and
contracts with varying temperature, these dimensional changes are small compared with
shrinkage and swelling caused by varying moisture content.
Fabrication and Calibration of Subtense Bar

The parts of the subtense bar to be fabricated will be based on the article found in the
internet entitled “ELEMENTARY SURVEYING”. All the parts of subtense bar were
present in the article which will become the guide as to how the researcher will fabricate
the instrument that will be used for the study.
Tachymetric Method
It is an additional technique for measuring horizontal distances. It is an indirect
method of measurement that is dependent on the optical geometry of the instruments
used. Subtended intervals and angles are found on a graduated rod or scale using a transit
or theodolite, from which lengths are calculated using trigonometry. Tachymetry
measurements are performed using Stadia method or the subtense bar method.
In this study, the subtense bar method will be applied. The process of measuring
the horizontal angle subtended by the distance between two targets and putting up the
subtense bar at the remote station constitute the method for calculating the distance
between two points. The subtending angle is measured with a theodolite that is placed at
the opposite end of the line that has to be measured.

D = cot ( a / 2)
The above formula will be used in calculating the horizontal distance of the subtense
bar. Where D is the horizontal distance and α is the angle subtended by the targets. One
benefit of the subtense bar approach is that it does not require slope correction and
provides a direct horizontal distance measurement. This is so because the subtended angle
is not affected by the line of sight's slope because it is measured in a horizontal plane.

Horizontal Distance of Total Station

Horizontal distance measurements for the total station would be directly gathered.
Upon performing the process of surveying the horizontal distance will be obtained
directly given by the total station. The data that will be gathered during the process will
be compared with the data gathered using subtense bar method aided by a theodolite.