GAS LAWS

SCIENCE 10
 The relationship among
the pressure, volume, and
temperature of a gas have
been established through
scientific experiments and
described by the gas laws.
These laws are explained by
the kinetic molecular theory.
GAS LAWS

BOYLE’S LAW:
PRESSURE-VOLUME
RELATIONSHIP
❑ He established the P-V
relationship of a gas from his
investigations using air.
❑ He concluded that for a fixed
amount of gas and at constant T,
the P exerted by the gas is
ROBERT BOYLE
inversely proportional to the V it BRITISH SCIENTIST
occupies.
 Where ∝ is the proportionality
symbol. Introducing the
proportionality constant k, the
1 equation becomes
P∝
V
1
(at constant pressure)
P=k or PV=k
V
 If the pressure is increased, the
volume must decrease to
maintain the constant product,
1 and vice versa. (Boyle’s law)
P∝
V
(at constant pressure)
P V
 For a sample of gas under two
different conditions, the following
equation applies:
1
P∝ P1V1=P2V2
V where:
(at constant pressure)
P1 = initial pressure V1 = initial volume
P2 = final pressure V2 = final volume
 EXAMPLE:

In a 35.0 L automobile airbag, a certain

amount of nitrogen gas exerts a pressure of 745
mm Hg. If the gas is transferred to a 25.0 L bag at
A. the same temperature, what will be its final
pressure?
Given:
Find:
Solution:
 EXAMPLE:

Given:V1 = 35.0 L
V2 = 25.0 L
P1 = 745 mm Hg
A. Find: P2
Solution: P2 = P 1 V1
= (745 mm Hg)(35.0 L)
V2 25.0 L
P2 = 1043 mm Hg
 EXERCISES:

A sample of oxygen has a volume of 10.0 L at

740 torr. What will be its volume if the pressure
1. becomes 600 torr at the same temperature?
Given:
Find:
Solution:
 EXERCISES:

The pressure of a 1066 mL gas is 457 mm

Hg. What will be its pressure if the volume is
2. increased to 750 mL at constant temperature?
Given:
Find:
Solution:
GAS LAWS

CHARLES LAW:
VOLUME-TEMPERATURE
RELATIONSHIP
❑ He established that a
constant pressure, the V
occupied by a fixed amount of
gas is directly proportional to
its temperature.
JACQUES
CHARLES
FRENCH SCIENTIST
 Using the proportionality constant
k, this relationship becomes
V∝T
(at constant pressure)
V = kT
Note: T is expressed in kelvin (K)
 Thus, for a given quantity of gas
at constant pressure, the volume
increases if the temperature
V∝T increases, and vice versa, to
maintain the constant ratio.
(at constant pressure) (Charle’s Law)
V T
 For a sample of a gas under two
different conditions:

V∝T V1 = V2 or V1T2 = V2T1

T1 T2
(at constant pressure) where:
V1 = initial volume T1 = initial temperature
V2 = final volume T2 = final temperature
 EXAMPLE:

A gas-tight syringe contains 25.0 mL of carbon

dioxide at 20.0⁰C. What will be the volume of the
gas if the syringe is dipped in warm water at
37.0⁰C? Note that temperature must be expressed
A. in kelvin.
Given:
Find:
Solution:
 EXAMPLE:

Given:V1 = 25.0 mL
T1 = 20.0⁰C+273.15 = 293.15 K
T2 = 37.0⁰C+273.15 = 310.15 K
A. Find: V2
V 1 T2 = (25.0 mL)(310.15 K)
Solution: V2 =
T1 293.15 K
V2 = 26.4 mL
 EXERCISES:

A sample of carbon monoxide is stored in a

3.20 L container at 125⁰C. Calculate the
temperature at which the gas will occupy 1.54 L if
1. the pressure is held constant.
Given:
Find:
Solution:
 EXERCISES:

On hot days, you may notice that sealed potato

chip bags seem to inflate. If you have a 245 mL
potato chip bag at 292 K and you place it inside the
trunk of a car with a temperature of 333 K, what will
2. be the new volume of the bag if the surrounding
pressure remains the same?
Given:
Find:
Solution: