*Đặt vấn đề ( An )

Recently, some locals in Vietnam have tried to develop golf courses, advance infrastructure investment
projects for tourism development, and use motor vehicle to transport tourist. Besides, overcrowding at
tourist destinations has caused serious damage to the natural environment.

The problem of environmental pollution has been greatly affecting many sides of social life. The
environment is a factor that directly affects the attraction of tourism products, the ability to attract
tourists, and the seasonality of tourism products. Tourism development means an increase in the number
of tourists, infrastructure development, services and resource demand, increase waste, and destruction of
natural landscapes. Tourism activities have put pressure on natural resources, creating local pollution and
the risk of long-term degradation.( đến đây )

1. Hiện trạng môi trường du lịch tại Việt Nam

(Ngọc Minh )

Besides the undeniable positive impacts, tourism activities have caused many negative impacts on the
environment. With 3,260(three thousand two hundred and sixty) km of coastline, 125(one hundred and
twenty-five) large and small beaches, about 2,273(two thousand two hundred and seventy-three) coastal
islands, 44 small bays, 1,120(one thousand one hundred and twenty) coral reefs, 252,500(two hundred
and fifty-two thousand five hundred) hectares of mangrove forests and seagrass beds distributed from
North to South, it is a convenient condition for the development of tourism industry.
However, many accommodation establishments and tourism services are built on islands without
planning, increasing the risk of coastal erosion and degradation of island ecosystems. Untreated
wastewater from tourist attractions is dumped directly into the environment, increasing the organic level
of coastal seawater. The problem of oil pollution of coastal seawater caused by tourists transporting ships,
Water sports facilities are on the rise. ( đến đây )

( AN)and As a result, many Vietnamese beaches are facing the risk of serious water pollution. According
to the investigation, the coastal area of Ha Long Bay has shown signs of local pollution due to increased
amount of solid waste and reduced dissolved oxygen. According to data from the Ha Long Bay - Cam
Pha Management Board, there are 21 sea reclamation projects and 17 sludge dumping projects, causing
serious direct threats to the heritage area. Statistics from the Nha Trang Bay Management and
Conservation Area Board show that every day about 100 tons of tourist waste is dumped into the sea.

(An)

According to annual monitoring, the environment of the beach in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province has been
quite seriously polluted. The development of golf courses in Vietnam has caused a huge waste of land
resources and seriously affected the lives of local people due to the use of pesticides at golf courses.(đến
đây )

Those negative impacts show that tourism activities have increased:

- Pressure on waste, especially in tourist centers, increases the risk of soil and water pollution. According
to calculations by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the average amount of waste from tourists
is about 0.67 kg of solid waste and 100 liters of liquid waste/guest/day. This is a source of environmental
pollution from tourism activities. Extending the number of tourists increases the amount of waste
nationwide, especially in tourist centers such as Hanoi, Ha Long, Hue, Hoi An, Nha Trang, Da Lat, Vung
Tau, Ho Chi Minh City...

(NM)

(Those negative impacts show that tourism activities have increased:)

- Level of groundwater degradation and pollution, especially in coastal areas. With the increase in tourist
numbers, the demand for clean water from tourists increased rapidly, in 2000 it was 3,714,815 m3, by
2005 this number had increased to 5,389,789 m3, mainly concentrated in coastal areas, accounting for
80% of Vietnam's tourist destinations. At these tourist destinations, the supply of clean water is mainly
based on groundwater exploitation.

(Nm)

This means the risk of increased levels of water degradation and pollution. Leveling, dredging, and
clearance to develop tourism infrastructure change the soil layer, affecting the water flow between two
seasons. Water pollution from waste of employees and tourists increases the content of harmful chemicals
in water, the amount of waste, packaging, nylon, plastic bottles...( đến đây )

(NM )

(Those negative impacts show that tourism activities have increased:)

- Exhaust, especially in tourist cities. Just counting the impact of air conditioning equipment in hotels, the
amount of CFC gas also has a considerable impact on the air environment. Tourism means of transpors
(cars, motorbikes, planes, ships...) significantly increase the amount of CO, Nitrogen, Hydrogen released
into the air. During the construction and operation of resorts, dust and exhaust from engines also cause
local air pollution.

(An)

In addition, garbage in some tourist areas is not collected and treated thoroughly, causing the stink in the
air (typical at festivals). The use of pesticides at many golf courses in Vietnam has seriously polluted the
living environment of surrounding people.

(Those negative impacts show that tourism activities have increased:)

-Noise from tourist activities, entertainment services, and means of transport.( đến đây )

(An)

(Those negative impacts show that tourism activities have increased:)

-Impact on the biological environment, due to the increasing demand for food provided to tourists,
especially specialties... This leads to over-hunting of rare plants and animals, damaging biodiversity.
Tourism activities such as camping, sports, hunting, fishing, swimming, diving... in national parks and
nature reserves with high density and high traffic intensity, affecting the wild animals habitats, making
many rare animal species gradually disappear.( đến đây )

2. Một số giải pháp quản lý môi trường du lịch Việt Nam ( An )

The tourism environment has not received much attention in Vietnam. If there are no reasonable
measures to use and develop tourism in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, those resources
will soon be exhausted and we ourselves will have to suffer the "wrath" of nature.
*Đặt vấn đề ( An )
Recently, some locals in Vietnam
have tried to develop golf
courses, advance infrastructure
investment projects for tourism
development, and use motor
vehicle to transport tourist.
Besides, overcrowding at tourist
destinations has caused serious
damage to the natural
environment.
The problem of environmental
pollution has been greatly
affecting many sides of social
life. The environment is a factor
that directly affects the attraction
of tourism products, the ability to
attract tourists, and the
seasonality of tourism products.
Tourism development means an
increase in the number of tourists,
infrastructure development,
services and resource demand,
increase waste, and destruction of
natural landscapes. Tourism
activities have put pressure on
natural resources, creating local
pollution and the risk of long-
term degradation.( đến đây )
( An)and As a result, many
Vietnamese beaches are facing
the risk of serious water
pollution. According to the
investigation, the coastal area of
Ha Long Bay has shown signs of
local pollution due to increased
amount of solid waste and
reduced dissolved oxygen.
According to data from the Ha
Long Bay - Cam Pha
Management Board, there are 21
sea reclamation projects and 17
sludge dumping projects, causing
serious direct threats to the
heritage area. Statistics from the
Nha Trang Bay Management and
Conservation Area Board show
(Ngọc Minh ) (Hà )
Besides the undeniable positive Those negative impacts show
impacts, tourism activities have that tourism activities have
caused many negative impacts on increased:
the environment. With - Pressure on waste, especially in
3,260(three thousand two tourist centers, increases the risk
hundred and sixty) km of of soil and water pollution.
coastline, 125(one hundred and According to calculations by the
twenty-five) large and small World Tourism Organization
beaches, about 2,273(two (UNWTO), the average amount
thousand two hundred and of waste from tourists is about
seventy-three) coastal islands, 44 0.67 kg of solid waste and 100
small bays, 1,120(one thousand liters of liquid waste/guest/day.
one hundred and twenty) coral This is a source of environmental
reefs, 252,500(two hundred and pollution from tourism activities.
fifty-two thousand five hundred) Extending the number of tourists
hectares of mangrove forests and increases the amount of waste
seagrass beds distributed from nationwide, especially in tourist
North to South, it is a convenient centers such as Hanoi, Ha Long,
condition for the development of Hue, Hoi An, Nha Trang, Da Lat,
tourism industry. Vung Tau, Ho Chi Minh City...
However, many accommodation (Those negative impacts show
establishments and tourism that tourism activities have
services are built on islands increased:)
without planning, increasing the - Level of groundwater
risk of coastal erosion and degradation and pollution,
degradation of island ecosystems. especially in coastal areas. With
Untreated wastewater from the increase in tourist numbers,
tourist attractions is dumped the demand for clean water from
directly into the environment, tourists increased rapidly, in 2000
increasing the organic level of it was 3,714,815 m3, by 2005 this
coastal seawater. The problem of number had increased to
oil pollution of coastal seawater 5,389,789 m3, mainly
caused by tourists transporting concentrated in coastal areas,
ships, Water sports facilities are accounting for 80% of Vietnam's
on the rise. ( đến đây ) tourist destinations. At these
tourist destinations, the supply of
(Ngọc Minh ) clean water is mainly based on
- Exhaust, especially in tourist groundwater exploitation.
cities. Just counting the impact of This means the risk of increased
air conditioning equipment in levels of water degradation and
hotels, the amount of CFC gas pollution. Leveling, dredging,
also has a considerable impact on and clearance to develop tourism
the air environment. Tourism infrastructure change the soil
means of transpors (cars, layer, affecting the water flow
motorbikes, planes, ships...) between two seasons. Water
significantly increase the amount pollution from waste of
of CO, Nitrogen, Hydrogen employees and tourists increases
that every day about 100 tons of released into the air. During the the content of harmful chemicals
tourist waste is dumped into the construction and operation of in water, the amount of waste,
sea. resorts, dust and exhaust from packaging, nylon, plastic
According to annual monitoring, engines also cause local air bottles...( đến đây )
the environment of the beach in pollution.
Ba Ria - Vung Tau province has In addition, garbage in some 2. Một số giải pháp quản lý môi
been quite seriously polluted. The tourist areas is not collected and trường du lịch Việt Nam ( Hà )
development of golf courses in treated thoroughly, causing the The tourism environment has not
Vietnam has caused a huge waste stink in the air (typical at received much attention in
of land resources and seriously festivals). The use of pesticides at Vietnam. If there are no
affected the lives of local people many golf courses in Vietnam reasonable measures to use and
due to the use of pesticides at has seriously polluted the living develop tourism in a sustainable
golf courses.(đến đây ) environment of surrounding and environmentally friendly
people. way, those resources will soon be
(An) exhausted and we ourselves will
-Impact on the biological have to suffer the "wrath" of
environment, due to the nature.
increasing demand for food
provided to tourists, especially
specialties... This leads to over-
hunting of rare plants and
animals, damaging biodiversity.
Tourism activities such as
camping, sports, hunting, fishing,
swimming, diving... in national
parks and nature reserves with
high density and high traffic
intensity, affecting the wild
animals habitats, making many
rare animal species gradually
disappear.( đến đây )