B.J. Govt.

Medical College, Pune

Name of the Student:

Name of the Course /Team: Seat No.

Examination: Date:

Section:
Subject: .Paper.
No. of supplements: Marks obtained: Sign. of Examiner

AMINO AuD

Dlqestion ¢ Albsorption o Proteins.

Dietary proteins denatuhed
croking
Enzyme for digestion opreteins aL hydrolases
These ahe present as inactive zymogena to prevent
todigation Secretony cela. The enamd ae
o endopeptid asei Pepsin, Trypsin
EnspapHdaaA - arboypeptid ase ¢
aminepaptidaae

D'stion of Preteins ocuys in Stomach pannea4

and intesine

Gastrie Diqestion
shpepsin
HCLI provìdes eptimum pt for action
Cnd dnatuu' potein
Renin convets casein to para calain
Pepsin secreted by ahie cells in stornach,
" Present in inacise form (pepeìnogen).
Optimum pt R
Proteins pepsin peptneg" + Proteoses.
Chydolysis)
Pancreatie Diq0stion
"O pti mum pH = is provded by alkaine
bile and panreatie enK4mla juice
Condents panceatic jce
Trypsin cii) carboxypeptdase
(æ) chymotrypsin Eldstase
These enz4m
Toypsin in duod enum (optmum pH 7G-8)
Trypsinogen entorokinase
2vokinasl, Trypsi
Arqinène Breakdown
ysine hydolysis
Protun.
Chmotypsin
chymotrypsinoge) trypsin Chymotrypin
Chymotypain causes poteslaaid and fonas
Small peptides
Prematse activaton o typstnogen ca
adl pancratiis due to damas! to
pancneatie eell
Catlboxypaptida so
6mall Catboypep Hdae dipepttdes t
pepides trpeptides
 5

tntestnad Diqestion

8Ucus anteUs amino acid s

Smal
peptides
enym2s inintcstinal uice:
ceucine amine peptidae
Prolin o amins pepttda
-Dipeptdases and TripeptidascA

Absorption of Amino Aids

site :Small intesti ne , kidneys, bral'n
:

Enerqy - dependant process (Nat-k ATPOe pump

Mieste Cycle (Gamma Gutamy ro

ro cyde)
Amino Aeid Cotsid merbra

memoran e.
(insid membra)
Grtutamyl-amino ao'
Glutathione
ysteinyt gtycive Amino dud

Gyciñe ystine. exeprottnt

ADP

ADP
ATP.
Gutarmate
Grutanyl
cysteine
ATP
ADP
 Gam ma- gltamyl transfe sae
Gamnaa =glutamy eycoitanafethasL
5-0xDpralina
@ Gamma- guutaml ayateins sgntta
autattuinnA Syntiade
CLintoal aapeots

Alerqy to cert'n foodis catleel caused by

piastial 8igest'on s proteins
Défeets in intostinal thanspot system cauy

Hartnupls diseoae
Inino qyo'nua
ystinsia
ysiaue potein intoles7nce
4) Paitial gostrectany panceatite
carinoma
panceas and cyste flbnsic ate cts
digeattun 4 aleicnption o pntina
Protein 1osirg
1osingen
endpalapathy
 7

s2 Short Notes

1
TRANS ArmINATION

Ans:0 ItH is the exchar gc c, alpha amino group

betweon olpho amno aud aloha kcto acid
aipho anino acd.
forrming
Amino aid Koto a d Amino atd +
keto acd

Keto
Alanine t Gutatte Gtutamai t Pyauvate
aud

Enrymes eatalyeing the reactio na amino transferaaA

[Prosth etie 4no up Pyridozyl phosphati]
Reversible Heation

eiological 8inificana a7 ransamination:

Catabel ism after Temoval o, Ntta catoon steleton
o anino acid euteA cataoolle

Synthosis o Non-essertal amino aid :

Al non-essential amino acids can be syothesieed by
from ava'labu keto adds.
Pyuvate Atanine
Oxaloa cetate As pastic aud
-keto qluta e utamic qco
 cmino acdldi
a
£q uaization e quautitiu
acid
acdl 1eve! is kiaheh than etn
f ohe amino quautity con veatr
greater
Thee amino dcid in compenaat its quatiy
ito- ther amino acid to

Ciinical Signif'cane og Trounsaminaton :

b qlu
AST an d ALT are tnduced
thus
stt favoer gluconeoqgeneia
AST increases in MI
io iver dseader.
ALT ineredaes
(
wndlergo
Lysine
transamínaton
Threoning ¢¢ Praline do not wndego
AST Hatio mor than 2,indicates 'rex
ALT
d'seases Lsed
Caused. by alcohsl.

Deamjnation
Ans: Rem oval oß aming grnup fafnom the
amino ce'd is called deaminaten
types: Oeidative non odatve.
t is o 2

Oudattve Deamination
Site
Mtochondria os liver

A1| amino acids au trangamindad to utamaU

and then deamintool to Gtaratl an o NHa
Gutamate Gutamati dehyd rogena «-Ketoqlutaat + NHa
NADH F

Rate cf deomination : 50-o

mlday
Cr utam ate dehydrogenase ueaction is fnal seeactton,
which eemovesesamino grp fmm all amino ada ddd.
NADt cO-en Z4m hese. tt is an allostere
en m I+ is actvated by ADP and ën hibited
by GTP.

Non-o jdattve deamination

Rermoval o4 amine gmup wittaout iwolvemeut

Dehydratases act hydroy arnin_aidA.

Sen'ne Pyuvate + NH3
Thheonine -(reto btyc aid

Desulfhydrase convets ! (+ronssu furatc

Cysteine ouvate t NH3

bistadas Uocante acrd +

Histtdine

GIT
Ammon ia may also be pDcuceo in
ba cteial putrefaction decompasition.
 Transdeamination o2eidatlne
Ans: Transamination follOJRd by At
Helease Ha
NH ig cazled
deaminatto to
tran sdeawination
nsamination takes placL in cytoplam 4
all cells. The amino qTp is Haen ttaapo
glwtamie aco, and finally
deaminat ed in mitochondria a hspatouy
thus, this Lea tion is physioloqically coupled
COmpo hents ae physically far
Any araino acd K-tetoglutarate
n all
Transam)naton 4issues

corispoding
kato aid Gtutam cte

Transpost to

Glutamate Glutamate
dehydgenae
NHa
 11

Decarboylatton
the
Ans: Remova o, cab0yd (-cooH) qroup from
nino acid is de ca xoclation.
and mckes
amoup tases the ptt and
Remova oh - (ooH group
it alkaline in natwe

usecd i Py1do ral fhosphat.

co-enzyme
Trasine Tyramine
Glutamic deio GA BA
Phenylaan ine Dopamine
Trypto phan Tryptamine.