LC225ALP000EV

6069L225A1EC
6069.M108C
Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit

State Examinations Commission
Leaving Certificate Examination

Physical Education
Higher Level
2 hours 30 minutes
250 marks
Examination Number
For example, 3rd February

Day and Month of Birth
is entered as 0302
Centre Stamp
Instructions
There are three sections in this paper.
Section A Short Questions 80 marks

Section B Case Study 50 marks
Section C Long Questions 120 marks
Answer questions as follows:
Any 10 of the 12 questions in Section A
Question 13 in Section B ‐ Case Study
Any three of the five questions in Section C
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. There is space for extra work at the
end of the booklet. You may also ask for supplementary paper. Label any such extra work clearly
with the question number and part.
Write your answers in blue or black pen.
This examination booklet will be scanned and your work will be presented to an examiner on
screen. Anything that you write outside of the answer areas may not be seen by the examiner.
Leaving Certificate 2
Physical Education – Higher Level
Section A 80 marks
Answer any 10 questions from questions 1 ‐ 12.
Question 1
(a) Define gamesmanship.
(b) Describe how gamesmanship could influence engagement in a physical activity of our choice.
Question 2
Figure 1
(a) Identify two strategies that could be used by an official to manage conflict between
participants.
1.
2.
(b) Outline two areas of safe practice that should be considered by an official in a physical
activity of your choice.
Physical Activity
1.
2.
Question 3
(a) Name four different methods of collecting data about physical activity participation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(b) For three methods of collecting data about physical activity participation, correctly named in
(a), outline what information they provide about physical activity participation.
1.
2.
3.
Question 4
Figure 2
Discuss the role that sports drinks play in the performance of a marathon runner or another
endurance athlete of your choice.
Physical Activity
Question 5
Figure 3
(a) What component of fitness does the vertical jump test measure?
(b) State if the component of fitness, correctly named in (a), is a health related or performance
related component of fitness.
(c) Define the component of fitness correctly named in (a).
(d) Name another component of fitness and a test that is used to measure performance in it.
Component of Fitness
Test
Question 6
Figure 4
(a) Name the plane and axis through which a performer moves when completing a forward
somersault.
Plane
Axis
(b) Provide one sporting example, other than a forward somersault, that moves through the
same plane and axis.
(c) (i) What class of lever is found at the ankle joint?
Lever Class
(ii) Give a sporting example of another named class of lever.
Lever Class
Question 7
Explain the term ‘social regulation of the body’ and how it might impact on participation in
physical activity.
Question 8
(a) What is sports marketing?
(b) Discuss two ways that sports marketing could help develop tourism in Ireland.
Question 9
Figure 5 Figure 6
Compare the two physical activities diving and basketball in terms of aesthetic/artistic criteria.
Question 10
Figure 7 Figure 8
Discuss two different types of messages that sports related advertising may give to young people.
1.
2.
Question 11
Outline two periodisation phases/cycles you might use when planning for training in a physical
activity of your choice.
Physical Activity
1.
2.
Question 12
Explain the importance of maintaining two principles of ethical practice in a physical activity of
your choice.
Physical Activity
1.
2.
Section B Case Study 50 marks
Examine the text and images in the Case Study below and answer question 13.
From being banned to breaking barriers ‐ how much has changed in 100 years
Figure 9. The English ‘Lionesses’ celebrate after being crowned European champions
The UEFA Women’s Euro 2022 championships have had all the ingredients to be a breakthrough
moment for women’s soccer (football) in England. The Lionesses, the nickname given to the
English Women’s soccer team, have been viewed as trailblazers for the sport and have gotten a
step closer to women’s sport being on an equal footing with men’s sport.
In 1921, the Football Association (FA) (England’s National soccer association) banned the women’s
game from being played at grounds of affiliated clubs. The statement read “the game of football is
quite unsuitable for females and ought not to be encouraged.” From 1971, women were
permitted to play soccer again, yet it wasn’t until 2018 that the Women’s Super League went fully
professional. Since then, these women have become role models to many young girls.
A peak television audience of 17

million, the biggest UK audience for
2022 so far, tuned in to watch
England’s Lionesses beat Germany in
the Euro 2022 final. An attendance
of 87,192 people witnessed the final.
This was the most for any Euro
fixture, men’s or women’s.
Winning the Euro 2022 may lead to
a new legion of sponsors. The
Lionesses are currently sponsored by
Figure 10 Nike, Hello Fresh and Visa.
Social media has been a ‘go‐to’ platform to promote sport. Inspiring campaigns, such as
#GetOnside and #HerGameToo, have been linked to women’s soccer. Campaigns such as these
have provided a social media awareness around women’s sport.
Figure 11
A recent survey of over 1,000 girls showed that a third of young female soccer players were
encouraged to join the sport after watching such inspirational sporting moments as the
progression of the Lionesses in the Euro 2022 tournament.
England’s Alessia Russo identified the importance of role models for young girls. She said as a
female athlete, she wants to “inspire girls and the next generation”.
Question 13 (50 marks)
(a) The Lionesses are sponsored by Nike, Hello Fresh and Visa.
(i) Define sponsorship.
(ii) Describe two disadvantages that sponsorship can have for a physical activity of your
choice.
Physical Activity
1.
2.
This question continues on the next page
(b)
Figure 12 A young girl being inspired by the Lionesses victory
(i) Outline two characteristics of a role model, or another significant person, who might
encourage physical activity participation.
1.
2.
(ii) Role models can only do so much.
Discuss two other supports to physical activity participation that may exist in the
community. You may not refer to the support provided by role models/significant
people in your answer.
(c) Discuss two influences on the participation patterns of boys in physical activity/sport.
(d) Explain why the characteristics associated with hegemonic femininity might impact on
female participation in soccer, or another physical activity of your choice.
Physical Activity
(e) Examine how media representations of the body may impact on both young men’s and
young women’s participation in physical activity and sport.
Section C 120 marks
Answer any three questions from questions 14 – 18.

(a)
World Athletics said Kipsang, a bronze medallist at the 2012 Olympics, had four
whereabouts failures between April 2018 and May 2019. Three such failures within 12
months leads to an automatic ban.
(i) Other than whereabouts failures name three Irish anti‐doping rule violations.
1.
2.
3.
(ii) Outline one implication for the athlete and one implication for the activity of using
Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs).
Implication for athlete
Implication for activity
(b) Name two dietary supplements and explain how an
athlete could use both of these dietary supplements to
optimise their performance.
Figure 13
1.
2.
(c) Apply the FITT formula to two health related components of fitness.
1.
2.
(d) When planning to improve performance and avoid injuries it is important to take into
consideration the principles of training.
Name three principles of training and outline one specific example of how each of these
principles can be used to train for improvement in performance in a physical activity of your
choice. You may not use recovery in your answer.
Physical Activity
1.
2.
3.
(a) Explain the following concepts of physical activity:
 Mass participation sports
 Leisure and Recreation
 Sport
Mass participation sports
Leisure and Recreation
Sport
(b) State two reasons why mass participation sporting events have experienced growth in
recent years and explain the opportunities that this growth may have provided for
businesses.
Reason 1
Reason 2
(c) Discuss the impacts that both endorsement and merchandising can have on sports
performers.
(d) Examine the impacts that involvement with a named business may have on a sport of your
choice.
Business
Sport
(a) Goal setting can be used as a strategy to improve an athlete’s motivation.
Name and explain two other strategies that a coach could use to improve an athlete’s
motivation.
1.
2.
(b) Explain how a coach/choreographer might guide a performers effective use of ongoing
reflection about their performance. Use two examples from a physical activity of your
choice to support your answer.
(c) A coach might use video analysis to assist them in identifying weaknesses in opponents.
(i) Identify four other methods of analysing performance.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(ii) Give an example of what aspect of performance two of the methods, correctly
identified in (i), could be used to analyse. Justify your answer.
1.
2.
(d) (i) As well as using methods of analysis and choosing strategies, a coach should be able to
provide the appropriate feedback to their athletes.
Identify four different types of feedback that a coach could use.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(ii) Discuss the importance of two of these types of feedback, correctly named in (i), for a
physical activity of your choice.
Physical Activity
1.
2.
Figure 14 shows Ciara Mageean celebrating after

winning a European silver medal in the 1500m in
2022.
I know how quick I can come back from injury, I

have a really strong belief that mental resilience
can play a huge role.
Figure 14
(a) Mageean explains how having confidence in her ability helped her bounce back after injury.
(i) Define confidence.
(ii) Discuss how confidence can impact on practice/training in a physical activity of your
choice.
Physical Activity
(b) Performance in middle distance running is dependant on more than one energy system.
Name and explain two energy systems.
Energy System Explanation
1.
2.
(c) Explain how an athlete could plan their recovery based on the energy systems used during
performance. At least two energy systems must be referred to in your answer.
You may not use nutrition in your answer.
(d) Examine how an understanding of the energy systems can inform nutritional preparation for
performance. Refer to before during and after performance nutrition in your answer.
(a) Define four named performance related components of fitness.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(b) Complete the table below in relation to the four performance related components of fitness
correctly named in (a).
Component of
Training method for
performance related Fitness test
enhancing performance
fitness
1.
2.
3.
4.
(c) Newtons laws of motion can aid understanding of skill performance.
(i) Define Newton’s 1st and 2nd laws of motion.
1.
2.
(ii) Apply Newton’s 1st and 2nd laws of motion to the performance of a sports skill of your
choice.
Skill
1.
2.
(d) Discuss the impact that creative application of skill can have on the effectiveness of
performance in a physical activity of your choice.
Physical Activity
Space for extra work
Indicate clearly the question number and part of the question(s) you are answering.
Acknowledgements
Q2: Figure 1. www.forbes.com/sites/georgebradt/2015/08/11/three‐keys‐to‐refereeing‐conflict/ [Accessed 15

October 2022]
Q4: Figure 2. Tsintzas, O., Williams, C., Singh, R., Wilson, W. and Burrin, J., 1995. <https://befitglitz.com/the‐best‐
sports‐drinks‐and‐blends‐for‐your‐workout/> [Accessed 1 August 2022].
Q5: Figure 3. www.testforsports.com [Accessed 15 October 2022]
Q6: Figure 4. https://quora.com [Accessed 15 October 2022]
Q9: Figure 5. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/648873/why-do-sprinklers-spray-water-olympic-diving-
pool [Accessed 27 February 2022]
Figure 6. https://www.benchwarmers.ie/watch‐1988‐nba‐slam‐dunk‐contest‐michael‐jordan‐vs‐dominique‐
wilkins/100361/ [Accessed 27 February 2022]
Q10: Figure 7. https://Irishlifedublinmarathon.ie. [Accessed 20 October 2022]. Figure 8.
https://Insidethegames.biz. [Accessed 20 October 2022]
Q13: Adapted from: https://theconversation.com/euro‐2022‐can‐be‐a‐catalyst‐for‐womens‐football‐in‐england‐
heres‐how‐187874 [Accessed August 4, 2022]; https://news.sky.com/story/euro‐2022‐the‐glamour‐and‐national‐
focus‐on‐the‐lionesses‐should‐not‐mask‐the‐fact‐that‐challenges‐remain‐12663298 [Accessed August 4, 2022];
https://theconversation.com/euro‐2022‐can‐be‐a‐catalyst‐for‐womens‐football‐in‐england‐heres‐how‐187874
[Accessed August 4, 2022]; https://news.sky.com/story/alessia‐russo‐on‐how‐lionesses‐want‐to‐push‐for‐more‐
sporting‐opportunities‐for‐girls‐and‐their‐letter‐to‐the‐next‐pm‐12665284 [Accessed August 4, 2022];
https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jul/30/england‐womens‐football‐pay‐gap‐lionesses [Accessed August 4,
2022]; https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/aug/04/we‐cant‐turn‐a‐kid‐away‐englands‐goal‐to‐meet‐
demand‐for‐girls‐football [Accessed August 5, 2022].;
https://twitter.com/David_Challen/status/1552247444871778305 [Accessed August 4, 2022]. Figure 10.
https://wionews.com. [Accessed 09 October 2022].
Q14: Figure 13. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/dietary‐supplements‐older‐adults [Accessed August 18, 2022].
Q17: Figure 14. https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/athletics/2022/08/27/silver‐and‐bronze‐lessons‐in‐experience‐
from‐the‐irish‐medal‐winners‐in‐munich/ [Accessed 27 August 2023].
Do not write on this page
Copyright notice
This examination paper may contain text or images for which the State Examinations Commission is not the
copyright owner, and which may have been adapted, for the purpose of assessment, without the authors’ prior
consent. This examination paper has been prepared in accordance with Section 53(5) of the Copyright and
Related Rights Act, 2000. Any subsequent use for a purpose other than the intended purpose is not authorised.
The Commission does not accept liability for any infringement of third-party rights arising from unauthorised
distribution or use of this examination paper.
Leaving Certificate – Higher Level
Physical Education
2 hours 30 minutes

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6069L225A1EC

Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit

Leaving Certificate Examination

For example, 3rd February

Section A Short Questions 80 marks

Answer questions as follows:

Any 10 of the 12 questions in Section A

Question 13 in Section B ‐ Case Study

Any three of the five questions in Section C

Write your answers in blue or black pen.

Answer any 10 questions from questions 1 ‐ 12.

(c) Define the component of fitness correctly named in (a).

(c) (i) What class of lever is found at the ankle joint?

(ii) Give a sporting example of another named class of lever.

A peak television audience of 17

This question continues on the next page

Figure 12 A young girl being inspired by the Lionesses victory

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

Answer any three questions from questions 14 – 18.

Question 14 (40 marks)

Implication for athlete

Implication for activity

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

Mass participation sports

Leisure and Recreation

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

Figure 14 shows Ciara Mageean celebrating after

I know how quick I can come back from injury, I

This question continues on the next page

Energy System Explanation

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

(a) Define four named performance related components of fitness.

This question continues on the next page

This question continues on the next page

Q2: Figure 1. www.forbes.com/sites/georgebradt/2015/08/11/three‐keys‐to‐refereeing‐conflict/ [Accessed 15

Leaving Certificate – Higher Level

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