1. If the output of a system at steady state
A simple single-variable control system
does not exactly agree with the input, the
system is said to
have steady-state error.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. Not sure
2. It refers to the persistent difference
between the desired and actual outputs once
the system has settled into a stable state.
a. Steady-State Error
b. Static Steady-State Error
c. Velocity Steady-State Error
d. Acceleration Steady-State Error
3. It is often used to evaluate the
performance of a control system, especially
in the context of feedback control systems.
a. Steady-State Error
b. Static Steady-State Error
c. Velocity Steady-State Error
d. Acceleration Steady-State Error
4. It involves studying and analyzing the
differences between the desired or reference
input and the actual output of a system.
a. Error Signal
b. Closed-Loop Control Strategies
c. Error Signal Analysis
d. Steady-State Error
5. The open-loop transfer function is denoted
as
a. R(s)
b. G(s)
c. E(s)
d. Ess
6. The reference or desired input signal
function is denoted as
a. G(s)
b. Ess
c. E(s)
d. R(s)
7.
with one input and one output. In radio, it is
the use of only one antenna both in the
transmitter and receiver.
a. SISI
b. SUSI
c. SISO
d. SOSI
8. These are all advantages of controller
C(s), except:
a. guarantee stability
b. minimize the controller error
c. avoid large control signals
d. reduce the effects of uncertainties
9. It is an approach to control design in which
you determine a suitable profile for the open-
loop system response and design a
controller to achieve that shape.
a. Form Sizing
b. Form Shaping
c. Loop Sizing
d. Loop Shaping
10. For High Loop, S(s) should be “small”. In
Low loop gain, T(s) must “small”.
a. Both statements are correct
b. Both statements are wrong
c. The first statement is correct, and second
statement is incorrect
d. The second statement correct, and
second statement is incorrect
11. If zero steady-state error is desired, the
type of the system must be?
a. two or higher
b. one or higher
c. one or lower
d. zero
12. These are the static error constants
except?
a. Static position error
b. Static velocity error
c. Static displacement error
d. Static acceleration error
13. The static velocity error constant (Kv) is 19. Increase of components is one of the
defined by? advantages of a feedback control
a. Kv = lim s→0 G(s) a. true
b. Kv = lim s→0 sG(s) b. false
c. Kv = lim s→0 s²G(s) c. maybe
d. Kv = lim s→0 s³G(s) d. true but also false

14. If there is no integration in the 20. As the loop gain L(s) decreases, the
feedforward path, a step response involves effect of N(s) on the tracking error
static-position error. a. increases
a. True b. decreases
b. False c. remains constant
c. Maybe d. slightly increase
d. Not sure
21. A graphical representation in s-domain
15. The ratio of the fractional change in the and it is symmetrical about the real axis.
closed-loop system transfer function T to the A. Locus Root
fractional change in the process transfer B. Root Locus
function G, for a small incremental change. C. Locus Loop
A. Sensible D. Root Root
B. Disturbance
C. Sensitivity 22. A control system component that
D. Disturbance Rejection regulates the operation of another system. It
is used to improve system dynamics, open-
16. G(s)S(s) = [G(s)]/[1+L(s)] is type of loop system characteristics, and stability.
function? A. Compensator
A. Load Sensitivity Function B. Commentors
B. Load Disturbance Function C. Composition
C. Load Disturbance Sensitivity Function D. Competitor
D. Load Sensitivity Disturbance Function
23. The following are compensation except
17. Increasing loop gain L(s) will lead to bad A. Series Compensation
disturbance rejection. This statement is B. Parallel Compensation
A. True C. State Feedback Compensation
B. False D. Straight Compensation
C. Maybe
D. Not given 24. _________ is an electrical network which
produces a sinusoidal output having phase
18. In practice, the disturbance signal is often lead when a sinusoidal input is applied.
low frequency. In this case we would like to A. Lead Compensator
design the controller C(s) so that the B. Lag Compensator
sensitivity function is small at low C. Parallel Compensation
frequencies. This statement is D. Low Compensator
A. True
B. False 25. __________ is an electrical network
C. Maybe which produces a sinusoidal output having
D. Not given the phase lag when a sinusoidal input is
applied.
A. Lead Compensator
B. Lag Compensator
C. Parallel Compensation
D. Low Compensator 32. The following are the effects of the Lead
compensator except:
26. __________ is an electrical network A. At the gain crossover frequency, the slope
which produces phase lag at one frequency of the magnitude plot decreases, indicating
region and phase lead at other frequency that relative stability improves and error
region. It is a combination of both the lag and decreases because the error is proportional
the lead compensators. to the slope.
A. Lead Compensator B. The phase margin widens.
B. Lag Compensator C. The response time shortens.
C. Parallel Compensation D. None of the above.
D. Lead Lag Compensator
33. What is the advantage of a lead
27. ____________ are used to achieve the compensator?
system’s desired performance. A. It increases the system’s speed by shifting
A. Compensating network the gain crossover frequency to a higher
B. Feedforward path gain value.
C. Competitors network B. Because phase lead compensation is
D. Forward Network present, the system’s maximum overshoot is
reduced.
28. Compensators are divided into three C. A and B
categories except: D. None of the above
A. Lag
B. Lead 34. The systems speed will decrease is the
C. Lag-lead __________ of lag compensation.
D. Lead-lead A. disadvantage
B. advantage
29. An alloy of copper and zinc. C. effect
A. Brass D. benefits
B. Bronze
C. Iron 35. A control system component that
D. Tin regulates the operation of another system. It
is used to improve system dynamics, open-
30. Lead and lag compensators are often loop system characteristics, and stability.
used in series to achieve the _________. A. Completion
A. steady-state performance B. Compensator
B. desired effect C. Composition
C. stability D. Competitor
D. design process
36. It typically introduces a phase lead at
31. It is a way of determining the stability of higher frequencies. This increased phase
a control system. margin helps in stabilizing the system and
A. Locus Root improving its transient response.
B. Root Locus A. Lid compensator
C. Locus Loop B. Low compensator
D. Root Root C. Leg compensator
D. Lead compensator
37. It is the locus of the characteristic 4. Why are implementation errors negligible
equation of the closed-loop system as a in digital processing of control signals?
specific parameter (usually, gain K) is varied A. Use of analog components
from zero to infinity. B. Addition and multiplication by stored
A. zero to infinity numerical values
B. one to ten C. Presence of noise in digital signals
C. five to one hundred D. Analog representation of control signals
D. ten to infinity
5. What allows for the modification of a digital
38. Most of the time, __________ is controller without complete replacement of
accomplished by conditioning the systems the original controller?
input and output. A. Analog-to-digital converters
A. Compensator B. Resistors and capacitors
B. Commentors C. Firmware or software implementation
C. Composition D. Power supply drift
D. Competitor
6. Why is the speed of digital controllers
39. Who invented the root locus comparable to that based on continuous
compensation? monitoring of the controlled variable?
A. Walter R. Ferrer A. Analog representation
B. Walter R. Evans B. Slow processing speed
C. Walter Mart C. Exponential increase in computer
D. Walter Bautista hardware speed
D. Larger sampling period
40. Root locus compensation was introduced
in what year? 7. How has the cost of digital circuitry
A. 2000 evolved over time?
B. 1987 A. Steadily increased
C. 1948 B. Remained constant
D. 1999 C. Decreased
D. Unaffected by VLSI technology
41. What is one of the key advantages of
digital control over analog control? 8. In a digital control system, what translates
A. Higher cost digital controller language to physical
B. Lower accuracy process language?
C. Flexibility A. Digital-to-analog converter
D. Slower processing speed B. Analog-to-digital converter
C. Power supply drift
2. In digital control, how are digital signals D. Resistors and capacitors
represented?
A. Using resistors and capacitors 9. What is required for feedback control in a
B. In terms of zeros and ones digital control system?
C. Through continuous monitoring A. Resistors and capacitors
D. With analog-to-digital converters B. Analog-to-digital converter
C. Sensor
3. What does the accuracy of digital signals D. Power supply drift
involve?
A. Analog representation
B. Typically 12 bits or more
C. Power supply drift
D. Analog-to-digital converters
10. What is the purpose of an analog-to-
digital converter in a digital control system?
A. Convert digital signals to analog signals
B. Measure the controlled variable
C. Implement firmware or software
D. Process control signals
11. How is the translation from process
language to digital controller language
performed?
A. Sensor
B. Digital-to-analog converter
C. Analog-to-digital converter
D. Power supply drift
12. What does a closed-loop drug delivery
system regulate in patients with chronic
diseases?
A. Blood levels of a specific drug or hormone
B. Body temperature
C. Nutrient intake
D. Insulin production
13. What converts the measurement of
regulated drug levels in a closed-loop drug
delivery system to digital form?
A. Analog-to-digital converter
B. Sensor
C. Digital-to-analog converter
D. Pump
14. What feedback control element is crucial
in a closed-loop drug delivery system?
A. Sensor
B. Pump
C. Digital controller
D. DAC
15. In computer control of an aircraft turbojet
engine, what does the control require
feedback from?
A. Engine state
B. Aircraft state
C. Pilot command
D. All of the above
16. How are measurements of the aircraft
state obtained in the control of an aircraft
turbojet engine?
A. ADC
B. Engine sensors
C. DAC
D. Pilot command
17. What role does the supervisory computer
play in the control of a robotic manipulator?
A. Directing actions of the robot
B. Providing closed-loop control
C. Performing arithmetic operations
D. Allowing programming of lower-level
controllers
18. How are manipulator hand positions and
velocities controlled in a robotic manipulator?
A. Using resistors and capacitors
B. Through continuous monitoring
C. Digitally
D. Using analog signals
19. What type of processors are commonly
used as control computers in robotic
manipulators?
A. Analog signal processors
B. Digital signal processing (DSP) chips
C. Resistors and capacitors
D. ADC
20. How many control loops are typically
present in the digital control system of a
robotic manipulator with n degrees of
freedom?
A. n
B. 1
C. 2
D. None
1. What does the term "overshoot" refer to in
the context of transient response?
A. The delay before reaching 50% of the final
value
B. The time to reach the first peak of the
response
C. The amplitude by which a response
exceeds its final value
D. The time taken to rise from 10% to 90% of
the final value
2. In the context of a step input, what does
"undershoot" represent in the transient
response?
A. The delay before reaching 50% of the final
value
B. The time to reach the first peak of the
response
C. The amplitude by which a response falls
below its final value initially
D. The time taken to rise from 10% to 90% of
the final value
3. What is the damping ratio (ζ) of a second-
order system?
A. The ratio of the time to reach the first peak
to the settling time
B. The ratio of the system's natural frequency
to its settling time
C. The ratio of the system's response to its
steady-state value
D. The ratio of the system's damping
coefficient to its natural frequency
4. Which of the following statements best
describes the effect of increasing the
damping ratio (ζ) on a secondorder system?
A. Increases overshoot and settling time
B. Decreases overshoot and settling time
C. Increases overshoot and decreases
settling time
D. Decreases overshoot and increases
settling time
5. What is meant by the term "steady-state"
in the context of system response?
A. The time taken for the system to stabilize
after a disturbance
B. The condition where the system's
response no longer changes with time
C. The time taken for the system to reach its
final value
D. The condition where the system exhibits
no overshoot in its response
6. What is the significance of the natural
frequency (ωn) in a second-order system?
A. It determines the system's rate of decay
B. It defines the frequency at which the
system oscillates in steady-state
C. It dictates the system's transient response
characteristics
D. It represents the time constant of the
system
7. Which term describes the measure of how
quickly a system responds to a change in its
input?
A. Settling time
B. Rise time
C. Overshoot
D. Steady-state error
8. What is the primary goal when designing
a control system in terms of transient
response?
A. Minimize overshoot and settling time
B. Maximize overshoot and settling time
C. Achieve a balance between overshoot
and settling time
D. Minimize rise time and steady-state error
9. How does increasing the proportional gain
in a control system affect the transient
response?
A. Increases overshoot and settling time
B. Decreases overshoot and settling time
C. Increases overshoot and decreases
settling time
D. Decreases overshoot and increases
settling time
10. What is the primary disadvantage of a
critically damped system in terms of transient
response?
A. Excessive overshoot
B. Long settling time C.
C. Oscillatory response
D. D. Inability to reach the final value
11. What does the delay time (td) represent
in the transient response of a system?
A. Time to reach 50% of the final value
B. Time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
C. Time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. Time to reach and stay within a given
range
12. Which transient response characteristic
is commonly used for overdamped second-
order systems?
A. 0% to 100% rise time
B. 10% to 90% rise time
C. Peak time
D. Settling time
13. What is the settling time (ts) in the context
of transient response?
A. Time to reach and stay within a given
range
B. Time to reach 50% of the final value
C. Time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. Time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
14. Steady-State Error (e(00)) is:
A. The difference in the final value between
the input and output amplitude
B. The time to reach 50% of the final value
C. The time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. The time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
15. What is the peak time (tp) in the transient
response due to a step input?
A. Time to reach 50% of the final value
B. Time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
C. Time to rise from 10% to 90%
D. Time to reach and stay within a given
range
D. The time to reach and stay within a given
range
18. What is the role of weighting factors in the
Performance Index?
A. They determine the delay time
B. They influence the importance of specific
system specifications
C. They define the peak time
D. They control the settling time
19. Which of the following is a quantitative
measure of the performance of a system?
A. Settling Time
B. Rise Time
C. Steady-State Error
D. Performance Index
20. How is the optimal system determined
with respect to the Performance Index
criterion?
A. System with the largest index is optimal
B. System with the smallest index is optimal
C. System with the longest settling time is
optimal
D. System with the highest peak time is
optimal

16. The rise time (tr) for underdamped

second-order systems is commonly
measured from:
A. 0% to 100%
B. 10% to 90%
C. 5% to 95%
D. 20% to 80%

17. What does the term "Steady-State Error"

refer to in the context of system
performance?
A. The difference in the final value between
the input and output amplitude
B. The time to reach the first peak of the
overshoot
C. The time to rise from 10% to 90%