Name:- Chiranjit Das

Roll no.:-11900123170
Paper Name:- Computer Organization
Paper Code:- PCC-CS302
Topic:- Input-Output Organization
I/O Organization:
The Input/Output organization of computer
depends upon the size of computer and the
peripherals connected to it. The I/O Subsystem of
the computer, provides an efficient mode of
communication between the central system and
the outside environment.
Peripheral Devices:
An external devices connected to an I/O module provides a means of
exchanging data between the external device envirmonent and the computer.
Attach to the computer by a link to an I/O module the link is used to
exchange control, status, and data between the I/O module and the external
device,
The most common input/out devices are:
i) Monitor, ii) Keyboard, iii) Mouse, iv) Printer, v) Magnetic tapes
The devices that are under the direct control of the computer are said to be
connected online.
Three category of external device:
Human Readable
Suitable for commutating with the computer user
Video display terminals (VDTs), Printers.
Machine Readable
Suitable for commutating with equipment
Mafnetic disk and tape systems, sensors and actuators.
Communication
Suitable for communicating with remote devices such as a
terminal, a machine readable devices, or another computer
Figure: Block Diagram of an External Devices
Input-Output Interface:
Input-Output Interface is used as an method which helps in transferring of
information between the internal storage devices i.e. memory and the
external peripheral device . A peripheral device is that which provide input
and output for the computer, it is also called Input-Output devices. For
Example: A keyboard and mouse provide Input to the computer are called
input devices while a monitor and printer that provide output to the
computer are called output devices. Just like the external hard-drives,
there is also availability of some peripheral devices which are able to
provide both input and output.
The Differences:-
1) Peripherals are electromechanically and electromagnetic devices and
their manner of operation of the CPU and memory, which are electoric
devices. Therefore, a conversion of signal values may be needed.
2) The data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer
rate of CPU and consequently, a synchronization mechanism may ]be
needed.
3) Data codes and formats in the peripherals differ from the word format
in the CPU and memory.
Peripherals- Byte, Block,….
4) The operating modes of peripherals different from each other and
must be controlled so as not to disturb the operation of other peripherals
connected to the CPU
I/O module function:-
➢ Control and timing: Coordinates the flow of traffic between
internal resources and external devices.
➢ Processor communication: Involves command decoding data
status reporting address recoignition.
➢ Error detection: Detect ans reports transmission errors .
➢ Data buffering: Perform the needed buffering operation to
balance devices and memory speeds.
➢ Device communication: Involves command, status information
and data.
Figure: Block Diagram of an I/O Module
I/O BUS and Interface module:-
Its defines the typical link between the processor and several peripheral. The I/O
Bus consists of data, link, address lines and control lines.