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ICL8038 Datasheet
ICL8038 Datasheet
ICL8038 Datasheet
Features Description
• Low Frequency Drift with Temperature . . . 250ppm/oC The ICL8038 waveform generator is a monolithic integrated
circuit capable of producing high accuracy sine, square, tri-
• Low Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1% (Sine Wave Output)
angular, sawtooth and pulse waveforms with a minimum of
• High Linearity . . . . . . . . . 0.1% (Triangle Wave Output) external components. The frequency (or repetition rate) can
be selected externally from 0.001Hz to more than 300kHz
• Wide Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . 0.001Hz to 300kHz using either resistors or capacitors, and frequency modula-
• Variable Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% to 98% tion and sweeping can be accomplished with an external
voltage. The ICL8038 is fabricated with advanced monolithic
• High Level Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TTL to 28V technology, using Schottky barrier diodes and thin film resis-
• Simultaneous Sine, Square, and Triangle Wave tors, and the output is stable over a wide range of tempera-
Outputs ture and supply variations. These devices may be interfaced
with phase locked loop circuitry to reduce temperature drift
• Easy to Use - Just a Handful of External Components to less than 250ppm/oC.
Required
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER STABILITY TEMP. RANGE (oC) PACKAGE PKG. NO.
ICL8038CCPD 250ppm/oC (Typ) 0 to 70 14 Ld PDIP E14.3
ICL8038CCJD 250ppm/oC (Typ) 0 to 70 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3
ICL8038BCJD 180ppm/oC (Typ) 0 to 70 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3
ICL8038ACJD 120ppm/oC (Typ) 0 to 70 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3
ICL8038BMJD (Note) 350ppm/oC (Max) -55 to 125 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3
ICL8038AMJD (Note) 250ppm/oC (Max) -55 to 125 14 Ld CERDIP F14.3
NOTE: Add /883B to part number if 883 processing is required.
9 3 2
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Users should follow proper IC Handling Procedures. File Number 2864.2
Copyright © Harris Corporation 1996
8-153
ICL8038
NOTE:
1. θJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Electrical Specifications VSUPPLY = ±10V or +20V, TA = 25oC, RL = 10kΩ, Test Circuit Unless Otherwise Specified
Frequency Drift with Supply Volt- ∆f/∆V Over Supply - 0.05 - - 0.05 - 0.05 - %/V
age Voltage Range
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Square Wave -
Saturation Voltage VSAT ISINK = 2mA - 0.2 0.5 - 0.2 0.4 - 0.2 0.4 V
Amplitude VTRIAN- RTRI = 100kΩ 0.30 0.33 - 0.30 0.33 - 0.30 0.33 - xVSUPPLY
GLE
Linearity - 0.1 - - 0.05 - - 0.05 - %
8-154
ICL8038
Electrical Specifications VSUPPLY = ±10V or +20V, TA = 25oC, RL = 10kΩ, Test Circuit Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)
Sine Wave
Amplitude VSINE RSINE = 100kΩ 0.2 0.22 - 0.2 0.22 - 0.2 0.22 - xVSUPPLY
NOTES:
2. RA and RB currents not included.
3. VSUPPLY = 20V; RA and RB = 10kΩ, f ≅ 10kHz nominal; can be extended 1000 to 1. See Figures 5A and 5B.
4. 82kΩ connected between pins 11 and 12, Triangle Duty Cycle set at 50%. (Use RA and RB.)
5. Figure 1, pins 7 and 8 connected, VSUPPLY = ±10V. See Typical Curves for T.C. vs VSUPPLY.
6. Not tested, typical value for design purposes only.
Test Conditions
Supply Current 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Current Into Pin 6
Sweep FM Range (Note 7) 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Open Frequency at Pin 9
Frequency Drift with Temperature 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Frequency at Pin 3
Frequency Drift with Supply Voltage (Note 8) 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Frequency at Pin 9
Leakage Current (Off) (Note 9) 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Current into Pin 9
Saturation Voltage (On) (Note 9) 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Output (Low) at Pin 9
Rise and Fall Times (Note 11) 10kΩ 10kΩ 4.7kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 9
Triangle Waveform Linearity 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 3
Total Harmonic Distortion 10kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 3.3nF Closed Waveform at Pin 2
NOTES:
7. The hi and lo frequencies can be obtained by connecting pin 8 to pin 7 (fHI) and then connecting pin 8 to pin 6 (fLO). Otherwise apply
Sweep Voltage at pin 8 (2/3 VSUPPLY +2V) ≤ VSWEEP ≤ VSUPPLY where VSUPPLY is the total supply voltage. In Figure 5B, pin 8 should
vary between 5.3V and 10V with respect to ground.
8. 10V ≤ V+ ≤ 30V, or ±5V ≤ VSUPPLY ≤ ±15V.
9. Oscillation can be halted by forcing pin 10 to +5V or -5V.
10. Output Amplitude is tested under static conditions by forcing pin 10 to 5V then to -5V.
11. Not tested; for design purposes only.
8-155
ICL8038
Test Circuit
+10V
RA RB RL
10K 10K 10K
7 4 5 6 9
SW1
N.C.
8 ICL8038 3
RTRI
10 11 12 2
C RSINE
82K
3300pF
-10V
FIGURE 1. TEST CIRCUIT
Detailed Schematic
CURRENT SOURCES 6
V+
R41 R32
REXT B REXT A
R1 4K 5.2K
8 Q1 5
11K 4 Q14
Q2 Q48 1
7 R8
Q3 Q47 R33
R2 5K
Q R19 200
39K 6 Q4 Q5 Q46
8-156
ICL8038
The levels of the current sources can, however, be selected The falling portion of the triangle and sine wave and the 0
over a wide range with two external resistors. Therefore, with state of the square wave is:
the two currents set at values different from I and 2I, an
C×V C × 1/3V SUPPLY R R C
asymmetrical sawtooth appears at Terminal 3 and pulses t
A B
= ------------- = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = --------------------------------------
with a duty cycle from less than 1% to greater than 99% are 2 1 V
SUPPLY
V
SUPPLY 0.66 ( 2R A – R B )
2 ( 0.22 ) ------------------------ – 0.22 ------------------------
available at Terminal 9. R R
B A
Thus a 50% duty cycle is achieved when RA = RB.
The sine wave is created by feeding the triangle wave into a
nonlinear network (sine converter). This network provides a If the duty cycle is to be varied over a small range about 50%
decreasing shunt impedance as the potential of the triangle only, the connection shown in Figure 3B is slightly more con-
moves toward the two extremes. venient. A 1kΩ potentiometer may not allow the duty cycle to
be adjusted through 50% on all devices. If a 50% duty cycle
Waveform Timing
is required, a 2kΩ or 5kΩ potentiometer should be used.
The symmetry of all waveforms can be adjusted with the
With two separate timing resistors, the frequency is given by:
external timing resistors. Two possible ways to accomplish
this are shown in Figure 3. Best results are obtained by 1 1
f = ---------------- = ------------------------------------------------------
t1 + t2 RAC RB
keeping the timing resistors RA and RB separate (A). RA ------------ 1 + -------------------------
controls the rising portion of the triangle and sine wave and 0.66 2R A – R B
the 1 state of the square wave.
or, if RA = RB = R
The magnitude of the triangle waveform is set at 1/3
0.33
VSUPPLY; therefore the rising portion of the triangle is, f = ----------- (for Figure 3A)
RC
C × 1/3 × V SUPPLY × R A RA × C Neither time nor frequency are dependent on supply voltage,
C×V
t 1 = -------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------- = ------------------ even though none of the voltages are regulated inside the
I 0.22 × V SUPPLY 0.66
integrated circuit. This is due to the fact that both currents
and thresholds are direct, linear functions of the supply volt-
age and thus their effects cancel.
FIGURE 2A. SQUARE WAVE DUTY CYCLE - 50% FIGURE 2B. SQUARE WAVE DUTY CYCLE - 80%
FIGURE 2. PHASE RELATIONSHIP OF WAVEFORMS
V+
V+
RA RB RL 1kΩ RL
RA RB
7 4 5 6 9
7 4 5 6 9
8 ICL8038 3
8 ICL8038 3
10 11 12 2
10 11 12 2
C 82K
C 100K
V- OR GND
V- OR GND
FIGURE 3A. FIGURE 3B.
FIGURE 3. POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS FOR THE EXTERNAL TIMING RESISTORS
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ICL8038
Reducing Distortion output can be made TTL compatible (load resistor con-
To minimize sine wave distortion the 82kΩ resistor between nected to +5V) while the waveform generator itself is pow-
pins 11 and 12 is best made variable. With this arrangement ered from a much higher voltage.
distortion of less than 1% is achievable. To reduce this even
Frequency Modulation and Sweeping
further, two potentiometers can be connected as shown in
Figure 4; this configuration allows a typical reduction of sine The frequency of the waveform generator is a direct function
wave distortion close to 0.5%. of the DC voltage at Terminal 8 (measured from V+). By
altering this voltage, frequency modulation is performed. For
V+ small deviations (e.g. ±10%) the modulating signal can be
1kΩ RL applied directly to pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling
RA RB
with a capacitor as shown in Figure 5A. An external resistor
between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can be used to
7 4 5 6 9
increase input impedance from about 8kΩ (pins 7 and 8 con-
nected together), to about (R + 8kΩ).
8 ICL8038 3 For larger FM deviations or for frequency sweeping, the
modulating signal is applied between the positive supply
voltage and pin 8 (Figure 5B). In this way the entire bias for
10 11 12 1 2
the current sources is created by the modulating signal, and
100kΩ 10kΩ
a very large (e.g. 1000:1) sweep range is created (f = 0 at
C
100kΩ
VSWEEP = 0). Care must be taken, however, to regulate the
supply voltage; in this configuration the charge current is no
10kΩ
longer a function of the supply voltage (yet the trigger thresh-
V- OR GND olds still are) and thus the frequency becomes dependent on
the supply voltage. The potential on Pin 8 may be swept
FIGURE 4. CONNECTION TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM SINE WAVE down from V+ by (1/3 VSUPPLY - 2V).
DISTORTION
V+
Selecting RA, RB and C
RA RB RL
For any given output frequency, there is a wide range of RC
combinations that will work, however certain constraints are
7 4 5 6 9
placed upon the magnitude of the charging current for opti-
mum performance. At the low end, currents of less than 1µA R
are undesirable because circuit leakages will contribute sig- 8 ICL8038 3
nificant errors at high temperatures. At higher currents
(I > 5mA), transistor betas and saturation voltages will con-
tribute increasingly larger errors. Optimum performance will, FM
10 11 12 2
therefore, be obtained with charging currents of 10µA to
1mA. If pins 7 and 8 are shorted together, the magnitude of C 81K
the charging current due to RA can be calculated from:
V- OR GND
R 1 × ( V+ – V- ) 1 0.22 ( V+ – V- )
I = ---------------------------------------- × -------- = ------------------------------------ FIGURE 5A. CONNECTIONS FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION
( R1 + R2 ) RA RA
8-158
ICL8038
Typical Applications
The sine wave output has a relatively high output impedance
+10V
(1kΩ Typ). The circuit of Figure 6 provides buffering, gain
1N457
and amplitude adjustment. A simple op amp follower could
also be used. DUTY CYCLE
0.1µF 15K
1K
V+ 4.7K 4.7K
RA RB
AMPLITUDE 5 4 6 9
7 4 5 6 2
+
100K 741 10K
FREQ. 8 ICL8038 3
8 ICL8038 -
20K
4.7K 10 11 12 2
10 11
C
20K ≈15M 0.0047µF DISTORTION
100K
-10V
V-
V+
RA RB 15K
7 4 5 9
8 ICL8038
1N914
2
11 10
1N914
C 2N4392 STROBE
100K
-15V
OFF
+15V (+10V)
-15V (-10V)
ON
8-159
ICL8038
V2+
DUTY
CYCLE
R1
FREQUENCY TRIANGLE
ADJUST OUT
FM BIAS
V1+ 6
7 4 5 3
SQUARE SINE WAVE
WAVE OUT
OUT
9 ICL8038 2
VCO DEMODULATED
IN SINE WAVE
INPUT PHASE AMPLIFIER FM 1
8 10 11 12 ADJ.
DETECTOR R2
HIGH FREQUENCY
SYMMETRY
10kΩ 100kΩ
500Ω
1N753A
4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ
(6.2V) 1MΩ
1kΩ 100kΩ
1,000pF LOW FREQUENCY
4 5 6 9 SYMMETRY
+15V
-15V
8-160
ICL8038
Definition of Terms
Supply Voltage (VSUPPLY). The total supply voltage from Output Amplitude. The peak-to-peak signal amplitude
V+ to V-. appearing at the outputs.
Supply Current. The supply current required from the Saturation Voltage. The output voltage at the collector of
power supply to operate the device, excluding load currents Q23 when this transistor is turned on. It is measured for a
and the currents through RA and RB. sink current of 2mA.
Frequency Range. The frequency range at the square wave Rise and Fall Times. The time required for the square wave
output through which circuit operation is guaranteed. output to change from 10% to 90%, or 90% to 10%, of its
Sweep FM Range. The ratio of maximum frequency to mini- final value.
mum frequency which can be obtained by applying a sweep Triangle Waveform Linearity. The percentage deviation
voltage to pin 8. For correct operation, the sweep voltage from the best fit straight line on the rising and falling triangle
should be within the range: waveform.
(2/3 VSUPPLY + 2V) < VSWEEP < VSUPPLY Total Harmonic Distortion. The total harmonic distortion at
FM Linearity. The percentage deviation from the best fit the sine wave output.
straight line on the control voltage versus output frequency
curve.
1.02
NORMALIZED FREQUENCY
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
-55oC
15 1.01
125oC 1.00
10 25oC 0.99
0.98
5
5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
FIGURE 11. SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE FIGURE 12. FREQUENCY vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE
1.03 200
1.02
NORMALIZED FREQUENCY
RISE TIME
10 150 125oC
1.01 25oC
20
TIME (ns)
30 -55oC
1.00
20
100 125oC
10 30 25oC
0.99 FALL TIME
-55oC
50
0.98
0
-50 -25 0 25 75 125 0 2 4 6 8 10
TEMPERATURE (oC) LOAD RESISTANCE (kΩ)
FIGURE 13. FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE FIGURE 14. SQUARE WAVE OUTPUT RISE/FALL TIME vs
LOAD RESISTANCE
8-161
ICL8038
2 1.0
1.5
0.9
-55oC
125oC
1.0
25oC
-55oC
0.8
LOAD CURRENT TO V+
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)
FIGURE 15. SQUARE WAVE SATURATION VOLTAGE vs LOAD FIGURE 16. TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD
CURRENT CURRENT
1.2 10.0
NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE
1.1
1.0 1.0
LINEARITY (%)
0.9
0.8 0.1
0.7
0.6 0.01
10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M
FIGURE 17. TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FIGURE 18. TRIANGLE WAVE LINEARITY vs FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
1.1 12
NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE
10
DISTORTION (%)
1.0 8
0.9 4
UNADJUSTED ADJUSTED
0
10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 19. SINE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY FIGURE 20. SINE WAVE DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
8-162