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SUBJECT and GRADE Mathematics Grade 11

TERM 2 Week 5
TOPIC Functions and Graphs: Finding the equation of functions
AIMS OF LESSON • To find the equation of the Parabola, hyperbola and exponential functions if graph is given.
RESOURCES Paper based resources Digital resources
Please go to the Functions and Graphs Parabola: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yecNfFyvF8
section in your Mathematics Textbook. Hyperbola: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx9-3WqFV6c
Exponential: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYNYc6HP6sk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmFiraM8qTw
INTRODUCTION By now you should have dealt with the parabola, hyperbola and the exponential functions where you have sketched the
functions and made deductions from the sketches. In this lesson we will determine the equations of the
mentioned functions.
Recall: the general form for the,
• parabola: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 and the turning point form: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝)2 + 𝑞𝑞, where (−𝑝𝑝; 𝑞𝑞) are the coordinates of
the turning point. Note: when we determine the x-intercepts/ roots, we use: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2 ) where 𝑥𝑥1 and 𝑥𝑥2
are the roots of the parabola.
𝑎𝑎
• hyperbola: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥+𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 where 𝑥𝑥 = −𝑝𝑝 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞 are the equations of the asymptotes of the hyperbola.
• exponential function: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎. 𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑞𝑞 where 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞 is the equation of the asymptote of the exponential function.
CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
LESSON 1: TO DETERMINE THE EQUATION OF A GIVEN PARABOLA
Example 1: Determine the equation of the given parabola. CAN YOU?
1. Determine the equation of the parabola
Solution: y given below. y
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2 )
2 Roots and another point are
Substitute 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 = −𝟐𝟐 and 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑 given: use -1 1 x
∴ 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎[𝑥𝑥 − (−2)][𝑥𝑥 − 3) 0
= 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 3) …  𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2 ) 0 x
-2 3
Now determine the value of a by substituting the point (0; −𝟔𝟔)
into : 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 3)
𝑥𝑥 = 0; 𝑦𝑦 = −6
∴ −𝟔𝟔 = 𝑎𝑎(𝟎𝟎 + 2)(𝟎𝟎 − 3)
-6 (2; -6)
∴ −6 = 𝑎𝑎(−6) ⇒ 𝑎𝑎 = 1
∴equation: 𝑦𝑦 = 1(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 Answer: 𝒚𝒚 = −𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐
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Example 2: Determine the equation of the given parabola. Determine the equation of the parabola given
below in the form, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝)2 + 𝑞𝑞 .
Solution: Turning point and another
point are given: use 𝑦𝑦

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝)2 + 𝑞𝑞 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝)2 + 𝑞𝑞 (−2 ; 5)

Substitute −𝑝𝑝 = 1 ⇒ 𝒑𝒑 = −𝟏𝟏 and 𝒒𝒒 = 𝟒𝟒
∴ 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 1)2 + 4 …
Determine the value of a by substituting the point (𝟐𝟐; −𝟏𝟏) 𝑥𝑥

into : 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 1)2 + 4

∴ −𝟏𝟏 = 𝑎𝑎[(𝟐𝟐) − 1]2 + 4
∴ −1 = 𝑎𝑎[1]2 + 4 (2; −3)
∴ −1 − 4 = 𝒂𝒂 = −𝟓𝟓
1
∴ equation: 𝑦𝑦 = −5(𝑥𝑥 − 1)2 + 4 OR 𝑦𝑦 = −5𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 − 1 Answer: 𝑦𝑦 = 2
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 − 3
Take note of the different forms of the equivalent equation
Do Exercises form your Textbook: Finding equation of Parabola
LESSON 2: TO DETERMINE THE EQUATION OF A GIVEN HYPERBOLA
Example 3: Determine the equation of the hyperbola in the diagram: CAN YOU?
y
Determine the equation of the hyperbola in the
Solution: Theequations
The equationsofof
thethe diagram:
asymptotes! y
𝑎𝑎 asymptotes are,
𝑦𝑦 = + 𝑞𝑞 x = 2 and y = 1
𝑥𝑥+𝑝𝑝
Substitute −𝑝𝑝 = 2 ⇒ 𝒑𝒑 = −𝟐𝟐 and 𝒒𝒒 = 𝟏𝟏 (4; 4)
𝑎𝑎 1 0 2 x
∴ 𝑦𝑦 = + 𝟏𝟏 …
𝑥𝑥−𝟐𝟐
Determine the value of a by substituting the point (𝟒𝟒; 𝟒𝟒)
𝑎𝑎 x
into : 𝑦𝑦 = + 𝟏𝟏
𝑥𝑥−𝟐𝟐 0 2
𝑎𝑎
∴ 𝟒𝟒 = + 1 -3
𝟒𝟒−2
𝑎𝑎 (3; -4)
∴4 = +1
2
𝑎𝑎
∴3 = Answer: 𝒚𝒚 =
−𝟏𝟏
− 𝟑𝟑
2 𝒙𝒙−𝟐𝟐
6
∴ 6 = 𝑎𝑎 ⇒ Equation: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥−2
+1
Do Exercises from your Textbook: Finding equation of hyperbola
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LESSON 3: TO DETERMINE THE EQUATION OF AN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Example 4: Determine the equation of the exponential function below: CAN YOU?
Solution: Determine the equation of the following
y exponential function
We must find the
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎. 𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑞𝑞 values of a, b and q 4 y
Substitute 𝒒𝒒 = 𝟒𝟒
Equation of
∴ 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎. 𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 + 4 … Asymptote is: 2
5
Substitute the y-intercept (0; 2) into  to determine a y=4
x
∴ 𝟐𝟐 = 𝑎𝑎. 𝑏𝑏 𝟎𝟎 + 4 0
∴ 2 = 𝑎𝑎. 1 + 4 (-1; 1)
0 x
∴ −2 = 𝑎𝑎 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −2. 𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 + 4 … (1; -2)
Substitute the point (1; -2) into  to determine b
-1
∴ −𝟐𝟐 = −2. 𝑏𝑏 𝟏𝟏 + 4
∴ −6 = −2. 𝑏𝑏
∴ 3 = 𝑏𝑏
Equation: 𝑦𝑦 = −2. 3𝑥𝑥 + 4
Revise exponential laws
Answer: 𝑦𝑦 = 6. 3𝑥𝑥 − 1 OR 𝑦𝑦 = 2. 3𝑥𝑥+1 − 1
ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT Mind Action Series Platinum Classroom Mathematics Everything Mathematics
Ch 4 Topic 5 Ch 5 Ch 5
Pg: 63/64; 66/67; 71/73 Pg. 90-91; 98-99; Pg: 109-112; 118-124; Pg: 161-163; 181-183
and 78-80 104-105; 106- 125-131 and 191-196
109; 114-115
CONSOLIDATION Parabola:
• If roots and a point are given; use 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2 ) where 𝑥𝑥1 and 𝑥𝑥2 are the roots; substitute other point to determine
a.
• If turning point and another point are given; use 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝)2 + 𝑞𝑞 where (−𝑝𝑝; 𝑞𝑞) are the coordinates of the turning point;
substitute other point to determine a.
Hyperbola:
𝑎𝑎
• Use 𝑦𝑦 = + 𝑞𝑞 where 𝑥𝑥 = −𝑝𝑝 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞 are the equations of the asymptotes; substitute other point to determine a.
𝑥𝑥+𝑝𝑝
Exponential function:
• Use 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎. 𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑞𝑞 where 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞 is the equation of the asymptote; substitute y-intercept to determine a and another point to
determine b (if not given).
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