Exam Prep Aid Combined Chapters QP

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Length & Time

Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic General Physics
Sub-Topic Length & Time
Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper
Booklet Question Paper 3
Time Allowed: 82 minutes
Score: /68
Percentage: /100
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1 A student has a large number of coins of different diameters, all made of the same metal. She
wishes to find the density of the metal by a method involving placing the coins in water.
(a) State the formula needed to calculate the density.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe how the measurements of the required quantities are carried out.
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(c) State one precaution taken when carrying out the measurements in (b) to ensure that the
result is as accurate as possible.
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[Total: 7]
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2 (a) Define density.
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...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The density of aluminium is 2.70 g / cm3. The thickness of a rectangular sheet of
aluminium foil varies, but is much less than 1 mm.
A student wishes to find the average thickness. She obtains the following measurements.
mass of sheet = 60.7 g

length of sheet = 50.0 cm
width of sheet = 30.0 cm
Calculate the student’s values for
(i) the volume of the sheet,
volume = .................................................. [2]
(ii) the average thickness of the sheet.
=thickness .................................................. [2]
(c) Another student, provided with a means of cutting the sheet, decides to find its average
thickness using a single measuring instrument. Assume the surfaces of the sheet are
perfectly smooth.
(i) Name a measuring instrument she could use.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(ii) Describe the procedure she should follow to obtain an accurate value of the
average thickness of the sheet.
Details of how to read the instrument are not required.
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[Total: 9]
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3 In a laboratory, an experiment is carried out to measure the acceleration of a trolley on a horizontal

table, when pulled by a horizontal force.
trolley
force
Fig. 1.1
The measurements are repeated for a series of different forces, with the results shown in the table
below.
force / N 4.0 6.0 10.0 14.0
acceleration 0.50 0.85 1.55 2.25

m / s2
(a) On Fig. 1.2, plot these points and draw the best straight line for your points. [2]
16
force / N
12
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
acceleration
m / s2
Fig. 1.2
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(b) The graph shows that below a certain force there is no acceleration.
(i) Find the value of this force. ............................................................................................ [1]
(ii) A force smaller than that in (b)(i) is applied to the stationary trolley. Suggest what happens
to the trolley, if anything.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Show that the gradient of your graph is about 5.7.
gradient = ...........................................................[1]
(d) (i) State the equation that links resultant force F, mass m and acceleration a.
[1]
(ii) Use your gradient from (c) to find the mass of the trolley.
mass = ...........................................................[2]
(e) On Fig. 1.3, sketch a speed / time graph for a trolley with constant acceleration.
speed
0
0
time
Fig. 1.3
[1]
[Total: 9]
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4 Fig. 1.1 shows a simple pendulum being used by a student to investigate the energy changes at
various points in the pendulum’s swing.
pivot
string
light sensor 2.000 m

(connected to timing circuit) (from pivot to centre of mass of cylinder)
narrow light beam

small cylinder
mass 80 g light source
Fig. 1.1
(a) When the string is displaced by a small angle from the vertical, the height of the cylinder
changes so that its centre of mass is now 1.932 m below the pivot. Determine the gravitational
potential energy gained by the cylinder. Use g = 10 m / s2.
gravitational potential energy gained = .......................................................... [3]
(b) The cylinder is released from the displaced position in (a). Calculate the expected speed of
the cylinder when the string is vertical.
expected speed = .......................................................... [2]

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(c) As the string passes through the vertical, the narrow beam of light is interrupted by the
cylinder for 22 ms. The cylinder has a diameter of 2.5 cm.
(i) Calculate the actual speed of the cylinder.
actual speed = ...............................................................
(ii) Suggest how the difference between the actual and expected speeds could occur.
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[3]
[Total: 8]
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5 A person is standing on the top of a cliff, throwing stones into the sea below.
cliff
sea
Fig. 2.1
(a) The person throws a stone horizontally.
(i) On Fig. 2.1, draw a line to show the path which the stone might take between leaving the
person’s hand and hitting the sea.
(ii) On the line you have drawn, at a point halfway to the sea, mark the stone and the
direction of the force on the stone.
[3]
(b) Later, the person drops a small stone and a large stone vertically from the edge of the cliff.
Comment on the times taken for the two stones to hit the water.
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(c) 800 m from the point where the person is standing, a navy ship is having target practice.
The person finds that if a stone is dropped vertically at the same time as the spurt of smoke
from the ship’s gun is seen, the stone hits the water at the same time as the sound from the
gun is heard.
Sound travels at 320 m / s in that region.
Calculate the velocity with which the stone hits the water.
velocity = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 9]
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6 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed/time graph for a car travelling along a straight road.
The graph shows how the speed of the car changes as the car passes through a small
town.
35
D
30
speed
m/s
A
25
enters leaves
20 town town
here here
15
B C
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Describe what happens to the speed of the car
(i) between A and B, .....................................................................................................
(ii) between B and C, .....................................................................................................
(iii) between C and D. .....................................................................................................

[1]
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(b) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the end of the town.
distance = ................................................ [3]
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.
acceleration = ................................................ [3]
(d) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car has the same numerical
value as its acceleration.
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.................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
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7 A young athlete has a mass of 42 kg. On a day when there is no wind, she runs a 100 m race in
14.2 s. A sketch graph (not to scale) showing her speed during the race is given in Fig. 1.1.
speed
m/s
8.0
0
0 3.0 14.2
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Calculate
(i) the acceleration of the athlete during the first 3.0 s of the race,
acceleration = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) the accelerating force on the athlete during the first 3.0 s of the race,
force = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) the speed with which she crosses the finishing line.
speed = ......................................................... [3]

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(b) Suggest two differences that might be seen in the graph if there had been a strong wind
opposing the runners in the race.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
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2. ...............................................................................................................................................
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[Total: 9]
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8 A student is given the following apparatus in order to find the density of a piece of rock.
100 g mass
metre rule
suitable pivot on which the rule will balance
measuring cylinder that is big enough for the piece of rock to fit inside
cotton
water
The rock has a mass of approximately 90 g.
(a) (i) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus from this list set up so
that the student is able to find the mass of the piece of rock.
(ii) State the readings the student should take and how these would be used to find the
mass of the rock.
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[5]
(b) Describe how the volume of the rock could be found.
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(c) The mass of the rock is 88 g and its volume is 24 cm3.

Calculate the density of the rock.
density of rock = .............................. [2]

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Motion
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Motion
Score: /49
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) A bus travels at a constant speed. It stops for a short time and then travels at a higher constant
speed.
Using the axes in Fig. 1.1, draw a distance-time graph for this bus journey.
distance
0
0 time
Fig. 1.1
[3]
(b) A lift (elevator) starts from rest at the ground floor of a building.
Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the motion of the lift to the top floor of the building.
4.0
speed
m/s
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
time / s
Fig. 1.2
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Use the graph to determine the distance from the ground floor to the top floor of the building.
distance = ................................................................. [4]
[Total: 7]
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2 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a straight road.
The graph shows how the speed of the car changes as the car passes through a small town.
35
D
30
speed
m/s
A
25
enters leaves
20 town town
here here
15
B C
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the end of the town.
distance = [3]
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(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.
acceleration = [3]
(c) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car has the same numerical value as
its acceleration.
[1]
[Total: 7]
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3 (a) Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 show speed-time graphs for two objects, each moving in a straight line.
speed speed
0 0
0 time 0 time
Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2
(i) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
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(ii) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
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[3]
(b) On a day with no wind, a large object is dropped from a tall building. The object experiences
air resistance during its fall to the ground.
State and explain, in terms of the forces acting, how the acceleration of the object varies
during its fall.
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[Total: 7]
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4 At a sports event, a champion runner and a car take part in a race.
(a) The runner runs at a constant speed of 10 m / s from the start of the race. During the first 5.0 s
of the race, the car’s speed increases from 0 m / s to 25 m / s at a uniform rate.
On Fig. 1.1, draw
(i) a graph to show the motion of the runner, [1]
(ii) a graph to show the motion of the car.
30
speed
m/s
20
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time / s
Fig. 1.1
[1]
(b) Use your graphs to determine
(i) the distance travelled by the runner in the 5.0 s,
distance = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) the distance travelled by the car in the 5.0 s,
distance = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) the time at which the car overtakes the runner.
time = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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5 Fig. 1.1 shows a rocket-powered sled travelling along a straight track. The sled is used to test
components before they are sent into space.
sled
track
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the sled from time t = 0 s.
1000
800
speed
m/s 600
400
200
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
time / s
Fig. 1.2
(a) On Fig. 1.2, mark a point labelled P to indicate a time when the acceleration of the sled is not
constant. [1]
(b) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the sled at t = 1.0 s.
acceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the sled between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s.
distance = ...........................................................[2]
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(c) The resultant force acting on the sled remains constant during the test.
Suggest why the acceleration of the sled is not constant.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]
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6 A comet, travelling in space, enters the atmosphere of a planet.
Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the comet from time t = 0 s.
40 000
speed
m/s 30 000
20 000
10 000
0
0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) During the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s, both the speed of the comet and the velocity of the
comet remain constant.
State what this suggests about the motion of the comet.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Determine the distance travelled during the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s.
distance = ...........................................................[2]
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(b) Explain what the graph shows about the motion of the comet during the period t = 6.0 s to
t = 10.0 s.
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...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Determine the acceleration of the comet at t = 11.0 s.
acceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(d) Suggest what happens to the comet at t = 12.0 s.
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...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]
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7 A plastic ball is dropped from the balcony of a tall building and falls towards the ground in a straight
line.
Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the falling ball.
8.0
speed
m/s
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) State and explain, in terms of forces, what is happening to the speed of the ball between time
t = 2.0 s and t = 3.0 s.
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...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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(b) On Fig. 1.1, mark a point P on the line where the acceleration of the ball is not constant. [1]
(c) Using Fig. 1.1,
(i) calculate the acceleration of the ball between t = 0 s and t = 0.25 s,
acceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) estimate the distance that the ball falls in the first 3.0 s.
distance = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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Mass and weight

Question Paper 2
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Mass and weight
Score: /45
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) State what is meant by the centre of mass of a body.
..........................................................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows an athlete successfully performing a high jump.
Fig. 4.1
The height of the bar above the ground is 2.0 m. The maximum increase in gravitational
potential energy (g.p.e.) of the athlete during the jump is calculated using the expression
g.p.e. = mgh.
Explain why the value of h used in the calculation is much less than 2.0 m.
..........................................................................................................................................
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(c) Fig. 4.2 shows, in order, five stages of an athlete successfully performing a pole-vault.
Fig. 4.2
Describe the energy changes which take place during the performance of the pole-
vault, from the original stationary position of the pole-vaulter before the run-up, to the
final stationary position after the vault.
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[Total: 8]
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2 A bucket is full of oil. The total mass of the bucket of oil is 5.4 kg and the gravitational field
strength is 10 N / kg.
(a) Calculate the total weight of the bucket of oil.
weight = ................................................. [1]
(b) The bucket of oil is hung from a spring of unstretched length 20 cm. The limit of
proportionality of the spring is not exceeded and its length increases to 35 cm.
(i) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) The oil is poured into a measuring tank. The empty bucket stretches the spring to a
length of 25 cm.
Calculate
1. the force that stretches the spring to a length of 25 cm,
force = ................................................. [3]
2. the mass of the oil in the measuring tank.
mass = ................................................. [2]

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(iii) The volume of the oil in the measuring tank is 0.0045 m3. Calculate the density of
the oil.
density = ................................................. [2]
(c) Explain, in terms of their molecules, why the density of the oil is greater than that of air.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
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3 An astronaut has a mass of 65 kg on Earth, where the gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.
(a) Calculate the astronaut’s weight on Earth.
weight on Earth = ............................................................[2]
(b) Complete the following sentence.
The astronaut’s weight on Earth is the ................................................................... force
between the astronaut and ................................................................... . [1]
(c) The astronaut undertakes a Moon landing. On the Moon the gravitational field strength
is 1.6 N / kg.
(i) State the astronaut’s mass on the Moon.
mass = ...............................................................
(ii) Calculate the weight of the astronaut on the Moon.
weight on Moon = ...............................................................

[2]
[Total: 5]
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4 The front views of two cars are shown in Fig. 5.1, to the same scale.
family car racing car
Fig. 5.1
(a) Suggest which car has the greater stability, and give two reasons.
car .............................................................................................................................................
reason 1 ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
reason 2 ....................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The cars have the same weight.
Study Fig. 5.1 and suggest why the stationary racing car exerts less pressure on the ground.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The family car’s tyres each have an area of 0.012 m2 in contact with the ground.
The weight of the car and its contents is 9600 N.
Calculate the pressure exerted by the car on the ground.
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
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5 (a) State what is meant by the terms
(i) weight, ......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) density. ......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A student is given a spring balance that has a scale in newtons. The student is told that
the acceleration of free-fall is 10 m/s2.
(i) Describe how the student could find the mass of an irregular solid object.
...................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Describe how the student could go on to find the density of the object.
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(c) Fig. 1.1 shows three forces acting on an object of mass 0.5 kg. All three forces act
through the centre of mass of the object.
centre of mass
9.0 N 3.0 N
4.0 N
Fig. 1.1
Calculate
(i) the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the object,
magnitude = ……………… direction .............................................................. [2]
(ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of the object.
acceleration =…………………… [2]
[ Total : 10 ]
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6 Fig. 2.1 shows a rock that is falling from the top of a cliff into the river below.
cliff
falling
rock
river
Fig. 2.1
(a) The mass of the rock is 75 kg. The acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s2.
Calculate the weight of the rock.
weight = …………………[1]
(b) The rock falls from rest through a distance of 15 m before it hits the water.
Calculate its kinetic energy just before hitting the water. Show your working.
kinetic energy = …………………[3]
(c) The rock hits the water. Suggest what happens to the kinetic energy of the rock during
the impact.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
[ Total : 7 ]
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Density
Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Density
Score: /62
Percentage: /100
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1 A large stone block is to be part of a harbour wall. The block is supported beneath the surface of
the sea by a cable from a crane. Fig. 2.1 shows the block with its top face a distance h beneath the
surface of the sea.
cable
surface of sea
h
block
Fig. 2.1
The force acting downwards on the top face of the block, due to the atmosphere and the depth h
of water, is 3.5 × 104 N.
(a) The top face of the block has an area of 0.25 m2.
(i) Calculate the pressure on the top face of the block.
pressure = ................................................ [2]
(ii) The atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa.
Calculate the pressure on the top face of the block due to the depth h of water.
pressure = ................................................ [1]
(iii) The density of sea water is 1020 kg / m3.
Calculate the depth h.
h = ................................................ [2]
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(b) Suggest two reasons why the tension force in the cable is not 3.5 × 104 N.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) The block is lowered so that it rests on the sea-bed.
State what happens to the tension force in the cable.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
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2 A surveyor measures the dimensions of a room of constant height. Fig. 2.1 is a top view of the
room and shows the measurements taken.
6.01 m
4.25 m
6.75 m
3.26 m
Fig. 2.1
(a) State an instrument that would be suitable to take these measurements.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The volume of air in the room is 76.4 m3. The density of the air is 1.2 kg / m3.
Calculate the mass of air in the room.
mass = ........................................................ [2]
(c) A window in the room is open. The next day, the temperature of the room has increased, but
the pressure of the air has stayed the same.
State and explain what has happened to the mass of air in the room.
...................................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 6]
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3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows an oil can containing only air at atmospheric pressure.
can
Fig. 3.1
Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa.
The pressure of the air in the can is reduced by means of a pump. The can collapses when
the pressure of the air in the can falls to 6000 Pa.
(i) Explain why the can collapses.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The surface area of face X of the can is 0.12 m2.
Calculate the resultant force on face X when the can collapses.
force = ................................................[3]
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(b) Mercury is poured into a U-shaped glass tube. Water is then poured into one of the limbs of
the tube. Oil is poured into the other limb until the surfaces of the mercury are at the same
level in both limbs.
Fig. 3.2 shows the result.
oil
water
0.32 m
0.25 m
mercury
Fig. 3.2
(i) State a condition that must be true in order for the mercury surfaces to be at the same
level in both limbs of the tube.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The height of the water column is 0.25 m. The height of the oil column is 0.32 m. The
density of water is 1000 kg / m3.
Calculate
1. the pressure exerted by the water on the surface of the mercury,
pressure = ................................................[2]
2. the density of the oil.
density = ................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a small wind-turbine used to generate electricity.
Fig. 4.1
The wind-turbine drives an electric generator.
The wind blows with a velocity of 7.0 m / s at right angles to the plane of the turbine. The mass of
air passing per second through the turbine is 6.7 kg.
(a) (i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the air blown through the turbine per second.
kinetic energy = ............................................... [2]
(ii) Only 8% of this energy is converted to electrical energy.
Calculate the power output of the electric generator.
power output = ............................................... [2]

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(b) The volume of air passing through the turbine each second is 5.6 m3 (flow rate is 5.6 m3 / s).
Calculate the density of the air.
density of air = ............................................... [2]
(c) The turbine turns a generator.
Describe the essential action within the generator that produces electricity.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
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5 An archaeologist digging at an ancient site discovers a spoon. The spoon is made from an
unidentified material.
(a) The archaeologist suspects that the spoon is made of metal. She places it above a
flame, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
(i) She notices that the handle of the spoon quickly becomes very hot.
State why this observation supports the suggestion that the spoon is made of
metal.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Describe, in terms of its atoms, how thermal energy is transferred through a metal.
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.............................................................................................................................. [3]
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(b) The archaeologist hopes that, by determining its density, she will be able to identify the
metal.
Describe a method for determining the density of the metal from which the spoon is
made.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 8]
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6 Fig. 3.1 shows a house brick of dimensions 21.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 7.00 cm.
21.0 cm
10.0 cm
7.00 cm
Fig. 3.1
The brick is held under water with its largest surfaces horizontal. The density of water is 1000 kg / m3.
(a) Calculate the difference in pressure between the top and the bottom surfaces of the brick.
pressure difference = .......................................................... [2]
(b) Use your value from (a) to calculate the upward force exerted on the brick by the water.
upward force = .......................................................... [2]
(c) The mass of the brick is 3.09 kg. Calculate the acceleration of the brick when it is released.
acceleration = .......................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]
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7 A wind turbine has blades, which sweep out an area of diameter 25 m.
25 m
blades
Fig. 5.1
(a) The wind is blowing directly towards the wind turbine at a speed of 12 m / s. At this wind
speed, 7500 kg of air passes every second through the circular area swept out by the
blades.
(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the air travelling at 12 m / s, which passes through
the circular area in 1 second.
kinetic energy = ................................................ [3]
(ii) The turbine converts 10% of the kinetic energy of the wind to electrical energy.
Calculate the electrical power output of the turbine. State any equation that you
use.
power = ................................................ [3]

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(b) On another day, the wind speed is half that in (a).
(i) Calculate the mass of air passing through the circular area per second on this day.
mass = ................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the power output of the wind turbine on the second day as a fraction of
that on the first day.
fraction = ................................................ [3]
[Total: 10]
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8 Fig. 3.1 shows a pond that is kept at a constant depth by a pressure-operated valve in the
base.
water
pressure-operated
outlet valve
spring
Fig. 3.1
(a) The pond is kept at a depth of 2.0 m. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
Calculate the water pressure on the valve.
pressure =…………………….. [2]
(b) The force required to open the valve is 50 N. The valve will open when the water depth
reaches 2.0 m.
Calculate the area of the valve.
area = ……………………….. [2]
(c) The water supply is turned off and the valve is held open so that water drains out
through the valve.
State the energy changes of the water that occur as the depth of the water drops from
2.0 m to zero.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[ Total : 6 ]
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Forces
Question Paper 6
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Forces
Score: /41
Percentage: /100
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1 Fig. 2.1 shows a mobile bird sculpture that has been created by an artist.
tail
bird sculpture
pivot
M hole in sculpture E
for pivot
12 cm 30 cm
Fig. 2.1
M is the centre of mass of the bird sculpture, including its tail (but not including the
counter-weight that will be added later). The mass of the bird and tail is 1.5 kg.
The bird sculpture is placed on a pivot.
The artist adds the counter-weight at the end E of the tail so that the bird remains stationary
in the position shown.
(a) Calculate the mass of the counter-weight.
mass = ................................................. [2]
(b) The centre of mass of the sculpture with counter-weight is at the pivot.
Calculate the upward force acting at the pivot.
force = ................................................. [1]

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(c) The sculpture is rotated clockwise to the position shown in Fig. 2.2. It is held still, then
carefully released.
pivot
counter-weight
Fig. 2.2
(i) State whether the sculpture will stay in that position, rotate further clockwise or
rotate back anticlockwise.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain your answer to (i).
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 6]
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2 Fig. 1.1 shows the graph of speed v against time t for a train as it travels from one station to
the next.
20
v
m/s
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t /s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Use Fig. 1.1 to calculate
(i) the distance between the two stations,
distance = ................................................. [4]
(ii) the acceleration of the train in the first 10 s.
=acceleration ................................................. [2]

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(b) The mass of the train is 1.1 × 105 kg.
Calculate the resultant force acting on the train in the first 10 s.
resultant force = ................................................. [2]
(c) The force generated by the engine of the train is called the driving force.
Write down, in words, an equation relating the driving force to any other forces acting on
the train during the period t = 10 s to t = 130 s.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
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3 A bucket is full of oil. The total mass of the bucket of oil is 5.4 kg and the gravitational field
strength is 10 N / kg.
(a) Calculate the total weight of the bucket of oil.
weight = ................................................. [1]
(b) The bucket of oil is hung from a spring of unstretched length 20 cm. The limit of
proportionality of the spring is not exceeded and its length increases to 35 cm.
(i) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) The oil is poured into a measuring tank. The empty bucket stretches the spring to a
length of 25 cm.
Calculate
1. the force that stretches the spring to a length of 25 cm,
force = ................................................. [3]
2. the mass of the oil in the measuring tank.
mass = ................................................. [2]

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(iii) The volume of the oil in the measuring tank is 0.0045 m3. Calculate the density of
the oil.
density = ................................................. [2]
(c) Explain, in terms of their molecules, why the density of the oil is greater than that of air.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
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4 (a) A truck of mass 12 kg is rolling down a very slight incline as shown in Fig. 1.1.
12 kg
Fig. 1.1
The truck travels at constant speed.
Explain why, although the truck is on an incline, it nevertheless does not accelerate.
.........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The slope of the incline is increased. As a result of this, the truck now accelerates.
(i) Explain why there is now acceleration.
.................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write down an equation linking the resultant force on the truck and the acceleration
of the truck.
[1]
(iii) The truck’s acceleration is 2.0 m/s2.
Calculate the resultant force on the truck.
resultant force = ................................................ [2]

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(c) The friction force up the slope in (b)(iii) was 14.0 N.
By suitable lubrication, the friction force is now almost totally removed.
(i) Calculate the new acceleration of the truck.
acceleration = ................................................ [3]
(ii) The lubricated truck travels down the incline, starting from rest at the top of the
incline. It takes 2.5 s to reach the bottom of the incline.
Calculate its speed as it reaches the bottom of the incline.
speed = ................................................ [2]
(d) The incline is reduced to the original value and the lubricated truck is placed on it.
Describe the motion of the truck when it is released.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 11]
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5 Fig. 3.1 shows a simple see-saw. One child A sits near to end X and another child B sits
near to end Y. The feet of the children do not touch the ground when the see-saw is
balanced.
X Y
pivot
Fig. 3.1
(a) Child A has a mass of 18.0 kg and child B has a mass of 20.0 kg.
Without calculation, indicate where the children could sit so that the see-saw balances
horizontally. You may draw on Fig. 3.1 if you wish.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State the relationship between the moment caused by child A and that caused by
child B.
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Child A is 2.50 m from the pivot. Calculate the distance of child B from the pivot.
distance = .................................... [2]
[Total :5 ]
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Momentum
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Momentum
Score: /26
Percentage: /100
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1 Fig. 2.1 shows a dummy of mass 70 kg used in a crash test to investigate the safety of a new car.
passenger dummy
barrier compartment
windscreen
Fig. 2.1
The car approaches a solid barrier at 20 m / s. It crashes into the barrier and stops suddenly.
(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of the dummy immediately before the crash.
momentum = ................................................................. [2]
(ii) Determine the impulse that must be applied to the dummy to bring it to rest.
impulse = ................................................................. [1]

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(b) In the crash test, the passenger compartment comes to rest in 0.20 s.
Calculate the deceleration of the passenger compartment.
deceleration = ................................................................. [2]
(c) The seat belt and air bag bring the dummy to rest so that it does not hit the windscreen.
2
The dummy has an average deceleration of 80 m / s .
Calculate the average resultant force applied to the dummy, of mass 70 kg.
force = ................................................................. [2]
(d) The deceleration of the dummy is less than the deceleration of the passenger compartment.
Explain why this is of benefit for the safety of a passenger.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]
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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hammer being used to drive a nail into a piece of wood.
hammer head
nail
wood
Fig. 2.1
The mass of the hammer head is 0.15 kg.

The speed of the hammer head when it hits the nail is 8.0 m / s.
The time for which the hammer head is in contact with the nail is 0.0015 s.
The hammer head stops after hitting the nail.
(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the hammer head.
change in momentum = ...........................................................[2]
(b) State the impulse given to the nail.
impulse = ...........................................................[1]
(c) Calculate the average force between the hammer and the nail.
average force = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 5]
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3 The engine of an unpowered toy train is rolling at a constant speed on a level track, as shown in
Fig. 3.1. The engine collides with a stationary toy truck, and joins with it.
moving e
engine
ngine
statio
ationar
nary
y tru
truck
trac
tr ack
k
Fig. 3.1
Before the collision, the toy engine is travelling at 0.32 m / s. The mass of the engine is 0.50 kg.
(a) Calculate the momentum of the toy engine before the collision.
momentum = [2]
(b) The mass of the truck is 0.30 kg.
Using the principle of conservation of momentum, calculate the speed of the joined engine
and truck immediately after the collision.
speed = [3]
[Total: 5]
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4 Fig. 4.1 represents part of the hydraulic braking system of a car.
piston X piston Y
F1
F2
Fig. 4.1
The force F1 of the driver’s foot on the brake pedal moves piston X. The space between
pistons X and Y is filled with oil which cannot be compressed. The force F2 exerted by the oil
moves piston Y. This force is applied to the brake mechanism in the wheels of the car.
The area of cross-section of piston X is 4.8 cm2.
(a) The force F1 is 90 N. Calculate the pressure exerted on the oil by piston X.
pressure = ................................................. [2]
(b) The pressure on piston Y is the same as the pressure applied by piston X. Explain why
the force F2 is greater than the force F1.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Piston Y moves a smaller distance than piston X. Explain why.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(d) Suggest why the braking system does not work properly if the oil contains bubbles of air.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
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Energy, Work and

Power
Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Energy, Work and Power
Score: /49
Percentage: /100
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1 Fig. 4.1 shows a small wind-turbine used to generate electricity.
Fig. 4.1
The wind-turbine drives an electric generator.
The wind blows with a velocity of 7.0 m / s at right angles to the plane of the turbine. The mass of
air passing per second through the turbine is 6.7 kg.
(a) (i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the air blown through the turbine per second.
kinetic energy = ............................................... [2]
(ii) Only 8% of this energy is converted to electrical energy.
Calculate the power output of the electric generator.
power output = ............................................... [2]

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(b) The volume of air passing through the turbine each second is 5.6 m3 (flow rate is 5.6 m3 / s).
Calculate the density of the air.
density of air = ............................................... [2]
(c) The turbine turns a generator.
Describe the essential action within the generator that produces electricity.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
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2 Fig. 3.1 shows a long, plastic tube, sealed at both ends. The tube contains 0.15 kg of small metal
spheres.
small metal spheres
Fig. 3.1
A physics teacher turns the tube upside down very quickly and the small metal spheres then fall
through 1.8 m and hit the bottom of the tube.
(a) Calculate
(i) the decrease in gravitational potential energy as the spheres fall 1.8 m,
decrease in gravitational potential energy = ........................................................ [2]
(ii) the speed of the spheres as they hit the bottom of the tube.
speed = ........................................................ [3]

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(b) The gravitational potential energy of the spheres is eventually transformed to thermal energy
in the metal spheres. The physics teacher explains that this procedure can be used to
determine the specific heat capacity of the metal.
(i) State one other measurement that must be made in order for the specific heat capacity
of the metal to be determined.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest a source of inaccuracy in determining the specific heat capacity using this
experiment.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) The teacher turns the tube upside down and lets the spheres fall to the bottom 100 times
within a short period of time.
Explain why turning the tube upside down 100 times, instead of just once, produces a
more accurate value of the specific heat capacity.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows the descent of a sky-diver from a stationary balloon.
2000 m
sky-diver
parachute
500 m
Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The sky-diver steps from the balloon at a height of 2000 m and accelerates downwards.
His speed is 52 m / s at a height of 500 m.
He then opens his parachute. From 400 m to ground level, he falls at constant speed.
(a) The total mass of the sky-diver and his equipment is 92 kg.
(i) Calculate, for the sky-diver,
1. the loss of gravitational potential energy in the fall from 2000 m to 500 m,
loss of gravitational potential energy = .................................................. [2]

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2. the kinetic energy at the height of 500 m.
kinetic energy = .................................................. [2]
(ii) The kinetic energy at 500 m is not equal to the loss of gravitational potential energy.
Explain why there is a difference in the values.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) State
(i) what happens to the air resistance acting on the sky-diver during the fall from
2000 m to 500 m,
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) the value of the air resistance during the fall from 400 m to ground.
air resistance = .................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]
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4 Water is stored in a reservoir at an average vertical height of 350 m above the turbines of a
hydroelectric power station.
During a 7.0 hour period, 1.8 × 106 m3 of water flows down from the reservoir to the turbines.
(a) The density of water is 1000 kg / m3.
For this 7.0 hour period, calculate
(i) the mass of water that flows from the reservoir to the turbines,
mass = .................................................. [2]
(ii) the gravitational potential energy transformed as the water flows to the turbines,
energy = .................................................. [2]
(iii) the maximum possible average output power.
power = .................................................. [2]

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(b) A hydroelectric power station generates electricity from a renewable energy source.
(i) Explain what is meant, in this context, by renewable.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State two other renewable energy sources.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]
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5 (a) State the energy changes that take place when
(i) a cyclist rides down a hill without pedalling,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) a cyclist pedals up a hill at a constant speed.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) A car of mass 940 kg is travelling at 16 m / s.
(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.
kinetic energy = .................................................. [2]
(ii) The car is brought to rest by applying the brakes.
The total mass of the brakes is 4.5 kg. The average specific heat capacity of the
brake material is 520 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the rise in temperature of the brakes. Assume there is no loss of thermal
energy from the brakes.
rise in temperature = .................................................. [3]

[Total: 8]
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6 Fig. 3.1 shows a fork-lift truck lifting a crate on to a high shelf in a warehouse.
crate
fork-lift
truck
Fig. 3.1
The fork-lift truck lifts a crate of weight 640 N through a vertical distance of 3.5 m in 4.0 s.
(a) Calculate the useful work done in lifting the crate.
work done = ................................................. [2]
(b) A motor drives a mechanism to lift the crate. The current in the motor is 25 A. The motor
is connected to a 75 V battery.
Calculate
(i) the energy supplied to the motor in 4.0 s,
energy = ................................................. [2]

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(ii) the overall efficiency of the fork-lift truck in lifting the crate.
efficiency = ................................................. [2]
(c) Not all of the energy supplied is used usefully in lifting the crate.
Suggest two mechanisms by which energy is wasted.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]
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Energy, Work and

Power
Question Paper 8
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Energy, Work and Power
Score: /47
Percentage: /100
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(a) The source of solar energy is the Sun.
Tick the box next to those resources for which the Sun is also the source of energy.
coal
geothermal
hydroelectric
nuclear
wind [2]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a solar water-heating panel on the roof of a house.
copper tubes,
painted black
roof
Fig. 4.1
Cold water flows into the copper tubes, which are heated by solar radiation. Hot water flows
out of the tubes and is stored in a tank.
(i) Explain why the tubes are made of copper and are painted black.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) In 5.0 s, 0.019 kg of water flows through the tubes. The temperature of the water increases
from 20 °C to 72 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the thermal energy gained by the water in 5.0 s.
thermal energy = ...........................................................[3]

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(iii) The efficiency of the solar panel is 70%.
Calculate the power of the solar radiation incident on the panel.
power = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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2 A train has a total mass of 7.5 × 105 kg.
(a) The train accelerates from rest at a constant rate along a straight, horizontal track.
It reaches a speed of 24 m / s in 60 s.
Calculate
(i) the train’s acceleration,
acceleration = .................................................. [2]
(ii) the resultant force acting on the train.
force = .................................................. [2]
(b) The train now travels with a constant speed of 24 m / s along a straight, horizontal track.
The total force opposing the motion due to friction and air resistance is 7.2 × 104 N.
(i) By considering the work done by the train’s engine in 1.0 s, calculate its output
power.
power = .................................................. [2]

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(ii) The train begins to travel up a slope.
Explain why the power of the train’s engine must be increased to maintain the
speed of 24 m / s.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 9]
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3 A student wishes to work out how much power she uses to lift her body when climbing a
flight of stairs.
Her body mass is 60 kg and the vertical height of the stairs is 3.0 m. She takes 12 s to walk
up the stairs.
(a) Calculate
(i) the work done in raising her body mass as she climbs the stairs,
work = ................................................ [2]
(ii) the output power she develops when raising her body mass.
power = ................................................ [2]
(b) At the top of the stairs she has gravitational potential energy.
Describe the energy transformations taking place as she walks back down the stairs
and stops at the bottom.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
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4 Fig. 2.1 shows a track for a model car.
P
S
Q
0.5 m
0.4 m 0.4 m
T R
Fig. 2.1
The car has no power supply, but can run down a sloping track due to its weight.
(a) The car is released at Q. It comes to rest just before it reaches S and rolls back.
(i) Describe the motion of the car after it starts rolling back and until it eventually
comes to rest.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain in terms of energy transformations why the car, starting at Q, cannot
pass S.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) A second car, of mass 0.12 kg, is released from P. It continues until it runs off the track at
T.
Calculate the maximum speed that the car could have at T assuming friction in the car is
negligible.
speed = ................................................ [3]
[Total: 6]
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5 An electric pump is used to raise water from a well, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
pump
ground
well
Fig. 3.1
(a) The pump does work in raising the water. State an equation that could be used to
calculate the work done in raising the water.
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The water is raised through a vertical distance of 8.0 m. The weight of water raised in
5.0 s is 100 N.
(i) Calculate the work done in raising the water in this time.
work done = .......................[1]
(ii) Calculate the power the pump uses to raise the water.
power = ........................[1]
(iii) The energy transferred by the pump to the water is greater than your answer to (i).
Suggest what the additional energy is used for.
..............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 5]
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6 Fig. 3.1 shows water falling over a dam.
dam falling water
7.0 m
Fig. 3.1
(a) The vertical height that the water falls is 7.0 m.

Calculate the potential energy lost by 1.0 kg of water during the fall.
potential energy = ........................[2]
(b) Assuming all this potential energy loss is changed to kinetic energy of the water,
calculate the speed of the water, in the vertical direction, at the end of the fall.
speed = ........................[3]
(c) The vertical speed of the water is less than that calculated in (b). Suggest one reason
for this.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[ Total : 6 ]
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7 Fig. 2.1 shows a simple pendulum that swings backwards and forwards between P and Q.
support
string
P Q
R pendulum bob
Fig. 2.1
(a) The time taken for the pendulum to swing from P to Q is approximately 0.5 s.
Describe how you would determine this time as accurately as possible.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) (i) State the two vertical forces acting on the pendulum bob when it is at position R.
1.. .......................................................................................................................... ...
2.. ........................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The pendulum bob moves along the arc of a circle. State the direction of the
resultant of the two forces in (i).
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The mass of the bob is 0.2 kg. During the swing it moves so that P is 0.05 m higher
than R.
Calculate the increase in potential energy of the pendulum bob between R and P.
potential energy = ………………. [2]
[ Total : 6]
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Pressure
Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Pressure
Score: /67
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) A student carries out an experiment to find the relationship between the pressure p and the
volume V of a fixed mass of gas. The table contains four of her sets of measurements.
p / kPa 250 500 750 1000
V / cm3 30.0 15.2 9.8 7.6
(i) Use the data in the table to suggest the relationship between the pressure and the
volume in this experiment. Explain how you reach your conclusion.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State the property of the gas, apart from the mass, that remains constant during the
experiment.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) A lake is 5.0 m deep. The density of the water is 1000 kg / m3.
(i) Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the lake due to this depth of water.
pressure = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) A bubble of gas escapes from the mud at the bottom of the lake and rises to the surface.
Place one tick in each row of the table to indicate what happens to the volume, the mass
and the density of the gas in the bubble. Assume that no gas or water vapour enters or
leaves the bubble.
increases stays the same decreases
volume of bubble
mass of gas in bubble
density of gas in bubble

[2]
[Total: 7]
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2 (a) A water tank has a rectangular base of dimensions 1.5 m by 1.2 m and contains 1440 kg of
water.
Calculate
(i) the weight of the water,
weight = ............................................... [1]
(ii) the pressure exerted by the water on the base of the tank.
pressure = ............................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 5.1 shows two water tanks P and Q of different shape. Both tanks are circular when
viewed from above. The tanks each contain the same volume of water. The depth of water in
both tanks is 1.4 m.
1.4 m
P Q
Fig. 5.1
(i) The density of water is 1000 kg / m3. The pressures exerted by the water on the base of
the two tanks are equal.
Calculate this pressure.
pressure = ............................................... [2]

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(ii) Equal small volumes of water are removed from each tank.
State which tank, P or Q, now has the greater water pressure on its base. Explain your
answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
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3 Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform, rectangular slab of concrete ABCD standing upright on the ground. The
slab has height 0.60 m, width 0.30 m and mass 18 kg. A force of 40 N acts horizontally to the left
at B.
A B
40 N
0.60 m
D C
0.30 m
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Calculate the weight W of the concrete slab.
W = ........................................................ [1]
(ii) The thickness of the slab is 0.040 m.

Calculate the pressure exerted by the slab on the ground.
pressure = ........................................................ [2]

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(b) (i) On Fig. 2.1, draw and label an arrow to show the weight W of the slab acting at its centre
of mass. [1]
(ii) Calculate
1. the moment of the 40 N force about point D,
moment = ........................................................
2. the moment of W about point D.
moment = ........................................................
[3]
(iii) The ground is rough so that the slab does not slide.
State and explain what happens to the slab as the horizontal force at B is gradually
increased.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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4 Fig. 1.1 shows a side view of a large tank in a marine visitor attraction.
sea-water
viewing
panel
M
tank
The tank is 51 m long and 20 m wide. The sea-water in the tank is 11 m deep and has a
density of 1030 kg / m3.
(a) Calculate the mass of water in the tank.
mass = ................................................. [3]
(b) The pressure at point M, halfway down the large viewing panel, is 60 kPa more than
atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the depth of M below the surface of the water.
depth = ................................................. [2]

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(c) The viewing panel is 32.8 m wide and 8.3 m high.
Calculate the outward force of the water on the panel. Assume that the pressure at M is
the average pressure on the whole panel.
force = ................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
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5 A large crane has a mass of 8500 kg. Fig. 4.1 shows the crane on a muddy building-site.
lifting-arm
hook
axle
caterpillar tracks
Fig. 4.1
(a) Calculate the weight of the crane.
weight = .................................................. [1]
(b) The crane rests on two caterpillar tracks each of which has a contact area with the
ground of 3.4 m2.
(i) Calculate the pressure that the crane exerts on the ground.
pressure = .................................................. [2]

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(ii) As the crane driver walks towards the crane, he starts to sink into the mud. He lays
a wide plank of wood on the mud and he walks along the plank.
Explain why he does not sink into the mud when he walks along the plank.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) When the crane lifts a heavy load with its hook, the load exerts a moment on the
lifting-arm about the axle.
(i) Explain what is meant by moment of a force.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Despite the moment exerted on the lifting-arm, the crane remains in equilibrium.
State the two conditions required for any object to be in equilibrium.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]
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6 (a) A stationary body is acted upon by a number of forces. State the two conditions which
must apply for the body to remain at rest.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a device used for compressing crushed material.
380 mm 120 mm
lever arm
plunger
20 N
cylinder
cross-sectional crushed material

F
area A
Fig. 3.1
The lever arm rotates about the hinge H at its right-hand end. A force of 20 N acts
downwards on the left-hand end of the lever arm. The force F of the crushed material on
the plunger acts upwards. Ignore the weight of the lever arm.
(i) Use the clockwise and anticlockwise moments about H to calculate the upward
force F which the crushed material exerts on the plunger. The distances are shown
on Fig. 3.1.
force F = ................................................. [3]

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(ii) The cross-sectional area A of the plunger in contact with the crushed material is
0.0036 m2. Calculate the pressure exerted on the crushed material by the plunger.
pressure = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
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7 The front views of two cars are shown in Fig. 5.1, to the same scale.
family car racing car
Fig. 5.1
(a) Suggest which car has the greater stability, and give two reasons.
car .............................................................................................................................................
reason 1 ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
reason 2 ....................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The cars have the same weight.
Study Fig. 5.1 and suggest why the stationary racing car exerts less pressure on the ground.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The family car’s tyres each have an area of 0.012 m2 in contact with the ground.
The weight of the car and its contents is 9600 N.
Calculate the pressure exerted by the car on the ground.
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
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8 Fig. 2.1 shows a steam safety valve. When the pressure gets too high, the steam lifts the
weight W and allows steam to escape.
0.2 m
pivot
W
force of
steam
Fig. 2.1
(a) Explain, in terms of moments of forces, how the valve works.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) The moment of weight W about the pivot is 12 N m. The perpendicular distance of the
line of action of the force of the steam on the valve from the pivot is 0.2 m.
The area of the piston is 0.0003 m2.
Calculate
(i) the minimum steam force needed for the steam to escape,
force = ................................................ [2]
(ii) the minimum steam pressure for the steam to escape.
pressure = ................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]
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9 A mass of 3.0 kg accelerates at 2.0 m/s2 in a straight line.
(a) State why the velocity and the acceleration are both described as vector quantities.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Calculate the force required to accelerate the mass.
force = ………………. [2]
(c) The mass hits a wall.

The average force exerted on the wall during the impact is 120 N.
The area of the mass in contact with the wall at impact is 0.050 m2.
Calculate the average pressure that the mass exerts on the wall during the impact.
pressure = ………………. [2]
[ Total : 5 ]
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10 Fig. 2.1 shows a reservoir that stores water.
20 m
valve
water
dam
exit pipe
Fig. 2.1
(a) The valve in the exit pipe is closed. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the
acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s2.
Calculate the pressure of the water acting on the closed valve in the exit pipe.
pressure = ……………………...[2]
(b) The cross-sectional area of the pipe is 0.5 m2.

Calculate the force exerted by the water on the closed valve.
force = ……………………...[2]
(c) The valve is then opened and water, originally at the surface of the reservoir, finally
flows out of the exit pipe. State the energy transformation of this water between the
surface of the reservoir and the open end of the pipe.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[ Total : 6]
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Simple Kinetic Molecular Model

of Matter
Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Thermal Physics
Sub-Topic Simple Kinetic Molecular Model of Matter
Score: /40
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) On a hot day, sweat forms on the surface of a person’s body and the sweat evaporates.
Explain, in terms of the behaviour of molecules,
(i) the process of evaporation,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) how this process helps the body to cool down.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) The temperature of a person of mass 60 kg falls from 37.2 °C to 36.7 °C.
(i) Calculate the thermal energy lost from the body. The average specific heat capacity
of the body is 4000 J / (kg °C).
thermal energy lost = .................................................. [2]

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(ii) The cooling of the body was entirely due to the evaporation of sweat.
Calculate the mass of sweat which evaporated. The specific latent heat of
vaporisation of sweat is 2.4 × 106 J / kg.
mass = .................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
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2 Water molecules evaporate from a puddle and escape to the atmosphere. Water molecules
also escape to the atmosphere from water boiling in a kettle.
(a) State two ways in which evaporation differs from boiling.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) This part of the question is about an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of
vaporisation of water.
(i) Suggest apparatus that will provide thermal energy (heat) and state the readings
needed to determine the amount of thermal energy provided.
apparatus .................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
readings ...................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Suggest apparatus required for determining the mass of liquid vaporised and state
the readings needed to determine that mass.
apparatus .................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
readings ...................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]
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3 Fig. 5.1 shows a saucepan of boiling water on an electric hotplate.
Fig. 5.1
As time passes, thermal energy (heat) is constantly supplied to the water but its temperature
remains at 100 °C.
(a) State two ways in which boiling differs from evaporation.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. .....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain, in terms of the water molecules, what happens to the thermal energy supplied
to the water as it boils.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) Describe an experiment to measure the specific latent heat of steam. You may include a
diagram.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 8]
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4 (a) (i) State two ways in which the molecular structure of a gas differs from the molecular
structure of a liquid.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Compressibility is the ease with which a substance can be compressed.
State and explain, in terms of the forces between the molecules, how the
compressibility of a gas differs from that of a liquid.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a weather balloon being inflated by helium from a cylinder.
HELIUM
Fig. 6.1
(i) The helium that inflates the balloon had a volume of 0.035 m3 at a pressure of
2.6 × 106 Pa, inside the cylinder.
The pressure of the helium in the balloon is 1.0 × 105 Pa and its temperature is the
same as it was when in the cylinder.
Calculate the volume occupied by the helium in the balloon.
volume = .................................................. [3]

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(ii) As the balloon rises up through the atmosphere, the temperature of the helium
decreases.
State the effect of this temperature change on the helium molecules.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
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5 Fig. 4.1 shows a small, closed, transparent chamber containing smoke.
microscope
smoke in chamber
closed
transparent bright light
chamber
Fig. 4.1
The chamber is brightly lit and observed through a microscope. The smoke particles are
seen as very small, bright dots.
(a) Describe the movement of the dots.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain, in terms of molecules, how this movement is caused.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Describe what is seen as the smoke particles move towards and away from the observer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 5]
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6 (a) Two students hang out identical T-shirts to dry at the same time in the same
neighbourhood. The only difference between the drying conditions is that one T-shirt is
sheltered from any wind and the other is in a strong breeze, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
fence
clothes line
strong breeze no breeze
Fig. 6.1
State and explain, in terms of water molecules, the difference between the drying times
of the T-shirts.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) Fig. 6.2 shows another occasion when a student hangs out two identical T-shirts to dry
next to each other on a line. One T-shirt is folded double as shown in Fig. 6.2.
clothes line
Fig. 6.2
State and explain, in terms of water molecules, the difference between the drying times
of the T-shirts.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) A runner in a hot country feels cooler if she pours water over her hair to keep it wet,
even when the water is at the same temperature as the air around her.
Explain, in terms of a change of state of water, why she feels cooler.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
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Thermal Properties and

Temperature
Question Paper 10
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Thermal Physics
Sub-Topic Thermal Properties and Temperature
Score: /57
Percentage: /100
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1 Water molecules evaporate from a puddle and escape to the atmosphere. Water molecules
also escape to the atmosphere from water boiling in a kettle.
(a) State two ways in which evaporation differs from boiling.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) This part of the question is about an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of
vaporisation of water.
(i) Suggest apparatus that will provide thermal energy (heat) and state the readings
needed to determine the amount of thermal energy provided.
apparatus .................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
readings ...................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Suggest apparatus required for determining the mass of liquid vaporised and state
the readings needed to determine that mass.
apparatus .................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
readings ...................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]
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2 Fig. 5.1 shows a saucepan of boiling water on an electric hotplate.
Fig. 5.1
As time passes, thermal energy (heat) is constantly supplied to the water but its temperature
remains at 100 °C.
(a) State two ways in which boiling differs from evaporation.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. .....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain, in terms of the water molecules, what happens to the thermal energy supplied
to the water as it boils.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) Describe an experiment to measure the specific latent heat of steam. You may include a
diagram.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 8]
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3 (a) State the energy changes that take place when
(i) a cyclist rides down a hill without pedalling,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) a cyclist pedals up a hill at a constant speed.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) A car of mass 940 kg is travelling at 16 m / s.
(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.
kinetic energy = .................................................. [2]
(ii) The car is brought to rest by applying the brakes.
The total mass of the brakes is 4.5 kg. The average specific heat capacity of the
brake material is 520 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the rise in temperature of the brakes. Assume there is no loss of thermal
energy from the brakes.
rise in temperature = .................................................. [3]

[Total: 8]
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4 (a) Four identical metal plates, at the same temperature, are laid side by side on the ground.
The rays from the Sun fall on the plates.
One plate has a matt black surface.
One plate has a shiny black surface.
One plate has a matt silver surface.
One plate has a shiny silver surface.
State which plate has the fastest-rising temperature when the sunlight first falls on the
plates.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The apparatus shown in Fig. 4.1 is known as Leslie’s Differential Air Thermometer.
glass bulb
radiant heater
painted shiny
matt black glass bulb
air
T
liquid
Fig. 4.1
The heater is switched off. Tap T is opened so that the air on the two sides of T has the
same pressure. Tap T is then closed.
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(i) The heater is switched on. On Fig. 4.1, mark clearly where the two liquid levels
might be a short time later. [1]
(ii) Explain your answer to (b)(i).
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 4]
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5 A solar panel is mounted on the roof of a house. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through part of the solar
panel.
sunlight
trapped
air copper pipe,
painted black
water
glass sheet
insulating metal backing sheet,

material painted black
Fig. 4.1
A pump makes water circulate through the copper pipes. The water is heated by passing through
the solar panel.
(a) Suggest why
(i) the pipes are made of copper,
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the pipes and the metal backing sheet are painted black,
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) an insulating material is attached to the metal backing sheet,
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) the presence of the glass sheet increases the energy collected by the water.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) During one day, 250 kg of water is pumped through the solar panel. The temperature of this
water rises from 16 °C to 38 °C.
The water absorbs 25% of the energy falling on the solar panel, and the specific heat capacity
of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the energy falling on the solar panel during that day.
energy = ......................................................... [4]
[Total: 8]
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6 (a) Some water is poured onto a plastic table-top, forming a puddle. The same volume of
water is poured into a plastic dish, which is placed alongside the puddle. This is illustrated
in Fig. 7.1.
water in water in
puddle dish
Fig. 7.1
Both lots of water begin to evaporate.
(i) In terms of the behaviour of molecules, describe what happens during the process
of evaporation.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain why the puddle dries out more rapidly than the water in the dish.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(iii) State two changes that would make both lots of water evaporate more rapidly.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) In a place where refrigeration is not possible, a person attempts to keep a bottle of milk
cool by using the procedure illustrated in Fig. 7.2.
damp cloth
bottle
milk
water bowl
Fig. 7.2
Explain in terms of molecules why this procedure would be successful.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
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7 Fig. 4.1 shows a sealed steel cylinder filled with high pressure steam.
steam
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2 shows the same cylinder much later when all the steam has condensed.
water
Fig. 4.2
(a) (i) Describe the movement of the molecules in the high pressure steam.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Explain how the molecules in the steam exert a high pressure on the inside walls of
the cylinder.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
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(b) Describe, in terms of particles, the process by which heat is transferred through the
cylinder wall.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) When all the steam has condensed, 75 g of water is in the cylinder.
Under these high pressure conditions, the specific latent heat of vaporisation of steam
is 3200 J / g.
Calculate the heat lost by the steam as it condenses.
heat = ................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]
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8 (a) Two identical open boxes originally contain the same volume of water.
One is kept at 15 °C and the other at 85 °C for the same length of time.
Fig. 4.1 shows the final water levels.
15 °C
85 °C
Fig. 4.1
With reference to the energies of the water molecules, explain why the levels are
different.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) In an experiment to find the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water, it took 34 500 J
of energy to evaporate 15 g of water that was originally at 100 °C.
A second experiment showed that 600 J of energy was lost to the atmosphere from the
apparatus during the time it took to evaporate 15 g of water.
Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water that would be obtained from
this experiment.
specific latent heat = …………………[3]
[Total : 6 ]
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Light
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Properties of Waves including Light and Sound
Sub-Topic Light
Score: /47
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a length of curved optical fibre.
Draw a diagram showing the fibre and the path of the ray of light.
[1]
(ii) Describe one use of optical fibres in medicine. You may draw a diagram.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [3]
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(b) Draw a straight line from each wave on the left to the most appropriate speed.
90 m / s
(9 × 10)
6000 m / s
light in air (6 × 103)
100 000 m / s
(1 × 105)
microwaves in
a vacuum
1 000 000 m / s
(1 × 106)
300 000 000 m / s

sound in steel
(3 × 108)
60 000 000 000 m / s

(6 × 1010)
[3]
(c) The refractive index of a block of glass is 1.5.
Use your value for the speed of light from (b) to calculate the speed of light in this block.
speed = ................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
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2 (a) Explain what is meant by
(i) total internal reflection,
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) critical angle.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light, travelling in air, incident on a glass prism.
60°
30°
Fig. 7.1
(i) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. Its speed in the glass is 2.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the refractive index of the glass.
refractive index = ...........................................................[2]

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(ii) Show that the critical angle for the glass-air boundary is 42°.
[1]
(iii) On Fig. 7.1, draw carefully, without calculation, the continuation of the ray through the
prism and into the air. [3]
[Total: 8]
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3 (a) Fig. 7.1 represents an object O placed in front of a converging lens.
O
P Q R S
Fig. 7.1
(i) State a full description of the image I.
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Using the letters on Fig. 7.1, identify the focal length of the lens.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) On Fig. 7.1, draw an eye suitably placed to view the image I. [1]
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows an object O placed to the left of a converging lens. A principal focus of the lens
is at the position marked F.
Fig. 7.2
(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw two rays to locate the image of object O. Draw the image.
(ii) On Fig. 7.2, draw one other ray from the upper tip of O to the image.
[4]
[Total: 8]
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4 The refractive index n of glass in air is 1.5.
(a) (i) State the equation that relates the speed of light in air va, the speed of light in glass vg
and n.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the speed of light in glass.
speed = .........................................................[1]
(b) Light travelling in glass strikes the edge of the glass. Fig. 6.1 shows a ray of light at an angle
of 41° to the normal.
normal
air
glass
41°
Fig. 6.1
(i) The light passes from the glass into the air.
Calculate the angle that the ray makes with the normal in the air.
angle = .........................................................[2]
(ii) State what happens to light that strikes the edge of the glass at an angle to the normal
much larger than 41°.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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(c) Describe one example of how optical fibres are used in medicine.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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5 A glass, converging lens is used as a magnifying glass to observe a red ant.
(a) Fig. 6.1 shows the lens, the principal axis, and the two principal focuses F1 and F2.
F1 F2
principal axis
lens
Fig. 6.1
(i) 1. On Fig. 6.1, mark a point on the principal axis, labelled A, to indicate a suitable
position for the ant.
2. On Fig. 6.1, mark a point on the principal axis, labelled E, to indicate a suitable
position for the observer’s eye.
[1]
(ii) Tick one of the boxes to indicate where, on the principal axis, the image of the ant is
located.
to the left of F1
between F1 and the lens
within the lens
between the lens and F2
to the right of F2
[1]
(iii) Underline two words in the list that describe the image produced by the magnifying
glass.
diminished inverted real

r upright virtual
[2]
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(b) (i) The red light from the ant passes into the lens.
As the light enters the lens, state what happens to
1. its wavelength,
................................................................................................................................[1]
2. its frequency.
................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State how the wavelength of violet light in air differs from the wavelength of red light in
air.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]
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6 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a convex lens being used to produce an image of an object.
principal
focus
image object
Fig. 7.1
(i) Place three ticks in the table that describe this image.
can only be formed on a screen

diminished
enlarged
inverted
real
same size
upright
virtual
[3]
(ii) On Fig. 7.1, mark a letter E to indicate a possible position for an eye to be placed to
observe this image. [1]
(iii) State an application in which a convex lens is used in this way.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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(b) In the space below, draw a ray diagram to locate the image of an object of height 1.0 cm
placed 5.0 cm from a convex lens of focal length 2.0 cm. Draw your diagram full size. You are
advised to locate the lens roughly in the centre of the space. Label the image.
[3]
[Total: 8]
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Light
Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Light
Score: /45
Percentage: /100
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1 Light enters a glass fibre from air at an angle of incidence of 62 °. The angle of refraction in the
glass is 36 °.
(a) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Determine the speed of light in the glass fibre.
speed = ........................................................ [4]
(b) Describe how glass fibres are used in communications technology.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 7]
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2 Fig. 7.1 shows the principal axis PQ of a converging lens and the centre line XY of the lens.
P Q
Fig. 7.1
An object 2.0 cm high is placed 2.0 cm to the left of the lens. The converging lens has a
focal length of 3.0 cm.
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(a) On Fig. 7.1, draw a full-scale diagram to find the distance of the image from the lens,
and the height of the image.
distance of image from the lens = ......................................................
height of image = ......................................................

[5]
(b) State and explain whether the image in (a) is real or virtual.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
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3 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows two rays from a point object P incident on a water surface.
An observer sees the image of P produced by reflection at the surface of the water.
water
air
surface
water
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, draw the reflected rays and complete the diagram to locate the position of
the image. Label the position of the image I. [2]
(b) Fig. 6.2 shows two rays from a point object Q incident on another water surface.
An observer sees the image of Q produced by refraction at the surface of the water.
water
air surface
water
Fig. 6.2
On Fig. 6.2, draw possible refracted rays and complete the diagram to locate a possible
position of the image. Label the position of the image J.
You do not need to calculate any angles. [2]
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(c) The refractive index of water is 1.33.
Calculate the critical angle.
critical angle = .................................................. [2]
(d) Describe, with a diagram, a medical use of optical fibres.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
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4 The frequency of the monochromatic light produced by a laser is 4.7 × 1014 Hz.
A ray of light from the laser passes from a vacuum, where the speed of light is 3.0 × 108 m / s,
into a fibre-optic cable.
(a) State
(i) what is meant by monochromatic,
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) the frequency of light from the laser in the fibre-optic cable.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The speed of light in the fibre-optic cable is 2.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate
(i) the refractive index of the material from which fibre-optic cable is made,
refractive index = .................................................. [2]
(ii) the wavelength of light from the laser in the fibre-optic cable.
wavelength = .................................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
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5 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray diagram of a converging lens forming the image I of the object O.
C D
A B
O
observer’s eye
Fig. 7.1
(i) Put a tick in two boxes in the following list to describe the image formed by the lens
in Fig. 7.1.
description place two ticks in this column

real
virtual
magnified
(enlarged)
same size
diminished
(smaller)
(ii) Which length, on Fig. 7.1, is the focal length of the lens?
Circle one of the lengths below.
[3]
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(b) In this question, you will apply the laws of reflection for a plane mirror to a curved mirror.
This mirror is shown in Fig. 7.2. The normal at any point on this mirror is the line from
that point to the point C.
mirror
M
C
Fig. 7.2
Two rays have been drawn from the object O.
On Fig. 7.2,
(i) draw the normal to the mirror at M, [1]

(ii) draw the ray reflected from M, [1]
(iii) draw the ray reflected from P, [1]
(iv) extend the reflected rays back to the right of the mirror and locate the image.
Label this image I. [2]
[Total: 8]
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6 A ray of light from a laser passes from air into a clear, semi-circular, plastic block. Fig. 7.1
shows the ray entering the block.
plastic block normal
40°
light ray
Fig. 7.1
The ray continues in the same direction and meets the middle of the opposite surface at an
angle of 40 ° to the normal. The refractive index of the plastic is 1.5.
(a) The ray continues into the air.
Calculate the angle between the normal and the path taken by the light after it leaves
the block.
angle = ................................................. [3]

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(b) The frequency of the light produced by this laser is 3.8 × 1014 Hz and its wavelength in
the plastic block is 5.3 × 10–7 m (0.000 53 mm).
Calculate
(i) the speed of light in this plastic,
speed = ................................................. [2]
(ii) the speed of light in air.
speed = ................................................. [2]
(c) Explain why the ray does not change direction as it enters the plastic block.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]
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Light
Question Paper 4
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Light
Score: /41
Percentage: /100
www.igexams.com
1 Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 show a semi-circular glass block as rays of blue light are directed into the
block at different angles. The rays are directed towards the centre C of the semi-circle so that
no refraction occurs as the rays enter the block.
(a) At the angle shown in Fig. 4.1, no refracted ray emerges from the block at C.
C
40°
incident reflected
ray ray
glass
air
Fig. 4.1
(i) Determine the angle of reflection at C.
angle of reflection = ......................................................

(ii) State the type of reflection occurring at C.
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b)
C
50° ray emerges in air
close to glass
surface
incident reflected
ray glass ray
air
Fig. 4.2
Calculate the refractive index of the glass.
refractive index = ................................................. [3]

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(c) The experiment in (b) is now repeated with red light.
On Fig. 4.3, draw and label the paths of the reflected and refracted rays of red light. The
dashed lines show the paths taken by the blue light in (b).
C
50°
paths taken by rays

of blue light in (b)
red
light
Fig. 4.3 [2]

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(d) Fig. 4.4 shows a 45° – 45° – 90° prism used in an optical instrument. Part of the path of
a ray of light passing through the instrument is also shown. Light leaves the instrument
along path B.
prism
path B
Fig. 4.4
In the dashed box, draw another 45° – 45° – 90° prism and complete the path of the
light through this box. [2]
[Total: 9]
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2 (a) A ray of light in air travels across a flat boundary into glass. The angle of incidence is
51°. The angle of refraction is 29°.
(i) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram to illustrate this information. [3]
(ii) Calculate the refractive index of the glass.
refractive index = ................................................. [2]
(b) A ray of light in glass travels towards a flat boundary with air. The angle of incidence is
51°. This ray does not emerge into the air.
State and explain what happens to this ray.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
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3 A small object is placed 3.0 cm from the centre of a convex lens of focal length 6.0 cm. An
enlarged image is observed from the other side of the lens.
(a) On Fig. 7.1, draw a ray diagram to show the formation of this image.
Fig. 7.1
[3]
(b) (i) State why this type of image is called virtual.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State the common name given to a convex lens used in this manner.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
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4 A converging lens has a focal length of 7.0 cm. An object of height 2.0 cm is placed 3.0 cm
from the centre of the lens. Fig. 7.1 is a full-scale grid that shows the arrangement of the
object, the lens and the two principal foci (focal points).
object principal
in ocus
principal
in ocus
lens
Fig. 7.1
(a) (i) By drawing on Fig. 7.1, show how the lens forms an image of the object. [3]
(ii) State two features of the image.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) (i) Determine the height of the image.
height = ................................................. [1]
(ii) State the name of one device where a lens is used in the way shown in Fig. 7.1.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]
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5 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a section of an optical fibre. It consists of a fibre of denser transparent material,
coated with a layer of a less dense transparent material.
less dense
material
ray
denser material
Fig. 8.1
One ray within the fibre has been started for you on Fig. 8.1.
(i) State and explain what happens to the ray already drawn, after it reaches the boundary
between the materials.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) On Fig. 8.1, carefully continue the ray until it reaches the end of the section of optical
fibre. [1]
(b) Fibre-optic cables are sometimes used to carry out internal examinations on the human
stomach.
(i) Suggest one reason why the cable is made of thousands of very thin optical fibres.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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(ii) Describe briefly how the inside of the stomach is illuminated.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Describe briefly how the light from the stomach is transferred to the detecting equipment
outside the body.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]
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6 (a) What is meant by the focal length of a converging lens?

...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) An object is placed in front of a converging lens. A real image is formed, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
The converging lens is not shown.
object
image
B
Fig. 7.1
(i) Explain what is meant by a real image.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Rays of light from point A on the object form point B on the image.
On Fig. 6.1, draw
1. a ray to find the position of the converging lens, showing the lens as a vertical straight
line in this position,
2. a ray to find the position of a principal focus of the lens, marking this position F,
3. a third possible ray from A to B. [3]
(iii) The distance between the object and the lens is increased. State any changes which
take place in
1. the distance of the image from the lens,
...........................................................................................................................................
2. the size of the image.
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Electromagnetic Spectrum
Score: /65
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a length of curved optical fibre.
Draw a diagram showing the fibre and the path of the ray of light.
[1]
(ii) Describe one use of optical fibres in medicine. You may draw a diagram.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [3]
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(b) Draw a straight line from each wave on the left to the most appropriate speed.
90 m / s
(9 × 10)
6000 m / s
light in air (6 × 103)
100 000 m / s
(1 × 105)
microwaves in
a vacuum
1 000 000 m / s
(1 × 106)
300 000 000 m / s

sound in steel
(3 × 108)
60 000 000 000 m / s

(6 × 1010)
[3]
(c) The refractive index of a block of glass is 1.5.
Use your value for the speed of light from (b) to calculate the speed of light in this block.
speed = ................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
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2 Fig. 6.1 shows a scale drawing of plane wavefronts approaching a gap in a barrier.
direction of wave travel
barrier
Fig. 6.1
(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw the pattern of the wavefronts after the wave has passed through the gap.
[2]
(b) The wave approaching the barrier has a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 20 cm / s.
Calculate the frequency of the wave.
frequency = [2]
(c) State what happens, if anything, to the frequency of the wave as it passes through the gap.
[1]
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(d) Explain, in terms of diffraction, why a car radio may pick up low frequency radio signals but
not pick up high frequency radio signals when the car is travelling behind a hill.
[2]
[Total: 7]
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3 (a) State the type of electromagnetic radiation
(i) used in luggage security checks at airports,
...........................................................................................................................................
(ii) used by remote controls for TV sets.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The electromagnetic waves used in a microwave oven have a frequency of 2.45 × 109 Hz.
The speed of the waves is 3.00 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the waves.
wavelength = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 4
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4 A laser produces a ray of blue light of wavelength 4.0 × 10–7 m (0.000 000 40 m).
(a) (i) State the speed of light in a vacuum.
speed = ................................................. [1]
(ii) Calculate the frequency of the light produced by the laser.
frequency = ................................................. [2]
(b) The ray of blue light passes from air into a glass block. Fig. 6.1 shows the ray making an
angle of 35° with the side of the block.
ray
air 35°
glass
Fig. 6.1
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(i) State the angle of incidence of the ray of blue light on the glass.
angle of incidence = ................................................. [1]
(ii) Glass has a refractive index of 1.5.
Calculate the angle of refraction of the light in the glass.
angle of refraction = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]
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5 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of monochromatic red light, in air, incident on a glass block at an angle of
incidence of 50°.
50°
Fig. 7.1
(i) State what is meant by monochromatic light.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) For this red ray the refractive index of the glass is 1.52. Calculate the angle of refraction
for the ray.
angle of refraction = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) Without measuring angles, use a ruler to draw the approximate path of the ray in the
glass block and emerging from the block. [2]
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(b) The red ray in Fig. 7.1 is replaced by a ray of monochromatic violet light. For this violet ray the
refractive index of the glass is 1.54. The speed of light in air is 3.00 × 108 m / s.
(i) Calculate the speed of the violet light in the glass block.
speed = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Use a ruler to draw the approximate path of this violet ray in the glass block and emerging
from the block. Make sure this path is separated from the path drawn for the red light in
(a)(iii). Mark both parts of this path with the letter V. [2]
[Total: 9]
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6 (a) The following list contains the names of types of energy transfer by means of waves.
γ-rays, infra-red, radio/TV/microwaves, sound, visible light, X-rays
(i) Which one of these is not a type of electromagnetic wave?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State the nature of the wave you have named in (a)(i).
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The remaining names in the list are all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, but one
region is missing.
Name the missing region.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) A television station emits waves with a frequency of 2.5 × 108 Hz. Electromagnetic waves
travel at a speed of 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the waves emitted by this television station. State the equation
you use.
wavelength = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]
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7 Fig. 6.1 shows white light incident at P on a glass prism. Only the refracted red ray PQ is
shown in the prism.
P red ray
Q
t
white ligh
screen
Fig. 6.1
(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw rays to complete the path of the red ray and the whole path of the
violet ray up to the point where they hit the screen. Label the violet ray. [3]
(b) The angle of incidence of the white light is increased to 40°. The refractive index of the
glass for the red light is 1.52.
Calculate the angle of refraction at P for the red light.
angle of refraction = ........................[3]
(c) State the approximate speed of
(i) the white light incident at P, speed = ........................ [1]
(ii) the red light after it leaves the prism at Q. speed = ........................ [1]
[Total : 8]
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8 Fig. 7.1 shows the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
v
i
γ - rays and X - rays ultra- s infra- radio
violet i red waves
b
l
e
Fig. 7.1
(a) Name one type of radiation that has
(i) a higher frequency than ultra-violet,
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) a longer wavelength than visible light.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Some γ-rays emitted from a radioactive source have a speed in air of 3.0 x 108 m/s and
a wavelength of 1.0 x 10–12 m.
Calculate the frequency of the γ-rays.
frequency = ………………. [2]
(c) State the approximate speed of infra-red waves in air.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[ Total : 5 ]
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9 Fig. 6.1 shows an optical fibre. XY is a ray of light passing along the fibre.
Y fibre
Fig. 6.1
(a) On Fig. 6.1, continue the ray XY until it passes Z. [1]
(b) Explain why the ray does not leave the fibre at Y.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The light in the optical fibre has a wavelength of 3.2 x 10–7 m and is travelling at a speed
of 1.9 x 108 m/s.
(i) Calculate the frequency of the light.
frequency = …………………...
(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 x 108 m/s.

Calculate the refractive index of the material from which the fibre is made.
refractive index = …………………...

[4]
[Total : 7]
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Sound
Question Paper 4
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Sound
Score: /67
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a metal strip, held in a clamp.
metal strip
X
Y
clamp Z
Fig. 5.1
The end of the strip is pulled down and released, so that the strip vibrates. X and Z are the
extreme positions of the end of the strip during this vibration. Y is the mid-position.
Explain what is meant by
(i) the frequency of vibration of the strip,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
(ii) the amplitude of vibration of the end of the strip.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(b) Fig. 5.2 shows two tall buildings, A and B, that are 99 m apart.
99 m
A B
33 m
A student stands at P so that his distance from building A is 33 m. After clapping his hands
once, he hears several echoes. The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s.
Calculate the time interval between clapping his hands and hearing
(i) the first echo,
time = .........................................................[2]
(ii) the third echo.
time = .........................................................[1]
(c) Write down an approximate value for the speed of sound
(i) in water, speed = .............................................................
(ii) in steel. speed = .............................................................

[2]
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(d) Fig. 5.3 shows a dolphin in water emitting a sound wave of frequency 95 kHz.
Using your value from (c)(i), calculate the wavelength of this sound wave.
wavelength = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]
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Sound from a loudspeaker is travelling in air towards a solid wall.
Fig. 7.1 shows compressions of the incident sound wave and the direction of travel of the wave.
P 8.5 m Q
wall
direction of
travel
compressions
Fig. 7.1
(a) State what is meant by a compression.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The distance from point P to point Q is 8.5 m. It takes 25 ms for the compression at P to
reach Q.
For this sound wave, determine
(i) the wavelength,
wavelength = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) the frequency.
frequency = ...........................................................[2]
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(c) As it strikes the wall, the sound reflects.
Complete Fig. 7.1 to show the positions of three compressions of the reflected sound wave.
[2]
(d) The loudspeaker is immersed in water, where it continues to produce sound of the same
frequency.
State and explain how the wavelength of the sound wave in water compares with the
wavelength determined in (b)(i).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
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3 (a) State how a longitudinal wave differs from a transverse wave.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A sound wave of frequency 7.5 kHz travels through a steel beam at a speed of 6100 m / s.
(i) Calculate the wavelength of this sound wave in the steel beam.
wavelength = ............................................... [2]
(ii) The sound wave passes from the end of the beam into air.
State
1. the effect on the speed of the sound,
............................................................................................................................... [1]
2. the effect on the wavelength of the sound.
............................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
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(a) Two types of seismic waves are produced by earthquakes. They are called P-waves and
S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal and S-waves are transverse.
(i) Explain what is meant by the terms longitudinal and transverse.
longitudinal ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
transverse ..........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State another example of
1. a longitudinal wave, ....................................................................................................
2. a transverse wave. .....................................................................................................

[2]
(iii) A seismic wave has a speed of 7.2 km / s and a frequency of 30 Hz.
Calculate its wavelength.
wavelength = ................................................. [2]

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(b) Fig. 5.1 shows an electric bell ringing in a sealed glass chamber containing air.
to vacuum pump
bell
Fig. 5.1
A student hears the bell ringing. The air is then removed from the chamber.
State and explain any change in the sound heard by the student.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
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5 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows the surface of water in a tank.
barrier
Fig. 7.1
Straight wavefronts are produced at the left-hand end of the tank and travel towards a
gap in a barrier. Curved wavefronts travel away from the gap.
(i) Name the process that causes the wavefronts to spread out at the gap.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Suggest a cause of the reduced spacing of the wavefronts to the right of the barrier.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) State how the pattern of wavefronts to the right of the barrier changes when the
gap is made narrower.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a wave travelling, in the direction of the arrow, along a rope.
2.4 m
Fig. 7.2
(i) Explain why the wave shown in Fig. 7.2 is described as a transverse wave.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) The speed of the wave along the rope is 3.2 m / s.
Calculate the frequency of the wave.
frequency = .................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]
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6 (a) Draw a straight line from each wave to the most appropriate speed on the right.
wave speed
15 m / s
(1.5 × 10 m / s)
300 m / s
(3 × 102 m / s)
light in air
1500 m / s
(1.5 × 103 m / s)
sound in air
1 500 000 m / s
(1.5 × 106 m / s)
sound in water
300 000 000 m / s
(3 × 108 m / s)
1 500 000 000 m / s

(1.5 × 109 m / s)
[3]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a railway-line testing-team checking a continuous rail of length 120 m.
The diagram is not to scale.
earphone
steel rail hammer

sensor

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One tester strikes one end of the rail with a hammer. The other tester hears the sound
transmitted through the air and transmitted through the rail. He hears the two sounds at
different times.
The speed of sound in steel is 5000 m / s.
Calculate the time difference, using your value from (a) for the speed of sound in air.
time difference = .................................................. [4]
[Total: 7]
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(a) The speed of light in air is known to be 3.0 × 108 m / s.

Outline how you would use a refraction experiment to deduce the speed of light in glass. You
may draw a diagram if it helps to clarify your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) A tsunami is a giant water wave. It may be caused by an earthquake below the ocean.
Waves from a certain tsunami have a wavelength of 1.9 × 105 m and a speed of 240 m / s.
(i) Calculate the frequency of the tsunami waves.
frequency = ...........................................................[2]
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(ii) The shock wave from the earthquake travels at 2.5 × 103 m / s.
The centre of the earthquake is 6.0 × 105 m from the coast of a country.
Calculate how much warning of the arrival of the tsunami at the coast is given by the
earth tremor felt at the coast.
warning time = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 10]
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8 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows the position of layers of air, at one moment, as a sound wave of constant
frequency passes through the air. Compressions are labelled C. Rarefactions are labelled R.
C R
Fig. 6.1
(i) State how Fig. 6.1 would change if
1. the sound had a higher frequency,
................................................................................................................................[1]
2. the sound were louder.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) On Fig. 6.1, draw a line marked with arrows at each end to show the wavelength of the
sound. [1]
(b) In an experiment to measure the speed of sound in steel, a steel pipe of length 200 m is
struck at one end with a hammer. A microphone at the other end of the pipe is connected
to an accurate timer. The timer records a delay of 0.544 s between the arrival of the sound
transmitted by the steel pipe and the sound transmitted by the air in the pipe.
The speed of sound in air is 343 m / s. Calculate the speed of sound in steel.
speed of sound in steel = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 7]
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9 In a thunderstorm, both light and sound waves are generated at the same time.
(a) How fast does the light travel towards an observer?
speed = .................................. [1]
(b) Explain why the sound waves always reach the observer after the light waves.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The speed of sound waves in air may be determined by experiment using a source that
generates light waves and sound waves at the same time.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the arrangement of suitable apparatus for the
experiment.
(ii) State the readings you would take.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(iii) Explain how you would calculate the speed of sound in air from your readings.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[4]
[ Total : 6]
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Electromagnetic effects
Question Paper 7
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Electricity and Magnetism
Sub-Topic Electromagnetic effects
Score: /55
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) Two straight, vertical wires X and Y pass through holes in a horizontal card.
Fig. 8.1 shows the card viewed from above.
card
wire X Y wire
in hole in hole
Fig. 8.1
There is a current in each wire in a downward direction (into the page).
(i) The magnetic field at Y due to the current in X produces a force on Y.
Place a tick in each blank column of the table to indicate the direction of this magnetic
field and the direction of the force.
magnetic field force

at Y on Y
towards the top of the page
towards the bottom of the page
to the left
to the right
into the page
out of the page
[2]
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(ii) State and explain whether there is also a force on wire X.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a d.c. supply connected to the input of a transformer.
iron core
d.c. supply galvanometer
Fig. 8.2
When switch S is first closed, the needle of the galvanometer deflects briefly, then returns to
zero.
Explain why the brief deflection occurs.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]
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2 A remote ski lodge receives 18 kW of electric power from a 120 V supply.
(a) Calculate
(i) the current that the ski lodge draws from the supply,
current = .................................................. [2]
(ii) the electrical energy supplied to the ski lodge in 30 minutes.
energy = .................................................. [2]
(b) The power supply to the ski lodge is from a nearby transformer that is connected to
long-distance transmission cables. The voltage of the transmission cables is very much
larger than 120 V.
Explain why energy losses in the transmission cables are lower when the voltage is
high.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]
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3 (a) A very sensitive, centre-zero voltmeter is connected to the two terminals of a solenoid
(long coil). Fig. 9.1 shows the S pole of a cylindrical magnet being inserted into the
solenoid.
N S
Fig. 9.1
As the magnet is inserted into the left-hand end of the solenoid, the needle of the
voltmeter deflects.
(i) Explain why the needle deflects as the magnet is inserted.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) State and explain the effect of inserting the magnet more slowly.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) State what is observed when the magnet is withdrawn from the left-hand end of the
solenoid.
............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(b) A transformer consists of a primary coil and a secondary coil on an iron core. An
alternating voltage is connected to the primary coil.
Describe and explain the operation of the transformer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 9]
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4 (a) Fig. 9.1 illustrates the left hand rule, which helps when describing the force on a current-
carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
thumb
motion / force
first finger
second finger
Fig. 9.1
One direction has been labelled for you.
In each of the other two boxes, write the name of the quantity that direction represents.
[1]
(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a simple d.c. motor connected to a battery and a switch.
N
S
switch
battery
Fig. 9.2
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(i) On Fig. 9.2, write in each of the boxes the name of the part of the motor to which
the arrow is pointing. [2]
(ii) State which way the coil of the motor will rotate when the switch is closed, when
viewed from the position X.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) State two things which could be done to increase the speed of rotation of the coil.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
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5 Fig. 10.1 and Fig. 10.2 show two views of a vertical wire carrying a current up through a
horizontal card. Points P and Q are marked on the card.
vertical
P Q
wire
view from above the card
Fig. 10.1 Fig. 10.2
(a) On Fig. 10.2,
(i) draw a complete magnetic field line (line of force) through P and indicate its
direction with an arrow,
(ii) draw an arrow through Q to indicate the direction in which a compass placed at Q
would point.
[3]
(b) State the effect on the direction in which compass Q points of
(i) increasing the current in the wire,
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) reversing the direction of the current in the wire.
...................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(c) Fig. 10.3 shows the view from above of another vertical wire carrying a current up
through a horizontal card. A cm grid is marked on the card. Point W is 1 cm vertically
above the top surface of the card.
T vertical
wire carrying
R S current
Fig. 10.3
State the magnetic field strength at S, T and W in terms of the magnetic field strength
at R. Use one of the alternatives, weaker, same strength or stronger for each answer.
at S ........................................................................
at T ........................................................................
at W........................................................................ [3]
[Total : 8]
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6 Fig. 7.1 shows an arrangement that could be used for making an electromagnet or a
permanent magnet.
12 V d.c.
supply
A
turns of thick
copper wire
cardboard tube
Fig. 7.1
Two bars of the same size are also available, one made of iron and the other of steel.
(a) (i) State which bar should be used to make a permanent magnet.
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe how the apparatus would be used to make a permanent magnet.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest one reason why the circuit contains an ammeter and a variable resistor.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[3]
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(b) During the making of a permanent magnet, the ammeter reads a steady current of 4.0 A
throughout the 5.0 s that the current is switched on. The voltage of the supply is 12 V.
Calculate
(i) the total circuit resistance,
resistance = ............................
(ii) the power of the supply,
power = .................................
(iii) the energy supplied during the 5.0 s.
energy = .................................
[6]
(c) The potential difference across the variable resistor is 7.0 V and that across the
ammeter is zero.
(i) Calculate the potential difference across the magnetising coil.
potential difference = .................................
(ii) State the general principle used in making this calculation.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total :12]
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7 Fig. 8.1 shows a long straight wire between the poles of a permanent magnet.
It is connected through a switch to a battery so that, when the switch is closed, there is a
steady current in the wire.
N S
wire in a direction
at right angles to the page
Fig. 8.1
(a) State the direction of the magnetic field between the poles of the magnet.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The wire is free to move. The current is switched on so that its direction is into the page.
(i) State the direction of movement of the wire.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain how you reached your answer to (b)(i).
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) This experiment is the basis of an electric motor.

Describe two changes to the arrangement shown in Fig. 8.1 that would enable
continuous rotation to take place.
change 1 ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
change 2 ..........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 7]
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The Nuclear atom

Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Atomic Physics
Sub-Topic The nuclear atom
Score: /55
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) State the nature of γ-rays.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A beam of α-particles and β-particles passes, in a vacuum, between the poles of a strong
magnet.
Compare the deflections of the paths of the two types of particle.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A beam of β-particles passes, in a vacuum, through the electric field between a pair of
oppositely charged metal plates.
Describe the path of the particles.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) The nuclear equation shows the decay of an isotope of polonium.
A Po 206 Pb + 42 X
Z 82
(i) State the nature of X.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the values of A and Z.
A = .................... Z = ..................... [1]
[Total: 7]
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2 (a) State the nature of an α-particle.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Describe how an electric field between two charged plates could be used to determine
whether a beam of particles consists of α- or β-particles.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Describe the path of γ-rays in a magnetic field.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) State what is meant by the term isotopes. Use the terms proton number and nucleon number
in your explanation.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 7]
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3 (a) Complete the table below for the three types of radiation.
radiation nature charge stopped by
electromagnetic
γ
radiation
β negative
α thick paper
[3]
(b) An isotope of strontium is represented in nuclide notation as 90Sr.

38
For a neutral atom of this isotope, state
(i) the proton number, ...............
(ii) the nucleon number, ...............
(iii) the number of neutrons, ...............
(iv) the number of electrons. ...............

[3]
(c) A sample of a radioactive material is placed near a radiation detector. A count-rate of

4800 counts / s is detected from the sample. After 36 hours the count-rate has fallen to
600 counts / s.
Calculate how many more hours must pass for the count-rate to become 150 counts / s.
number of hours = ............................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
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4 (a) A radioactive source emits α-, β- and γ-radiation.
Which of these radiations
(i) has the shortest range in air, ..............................
(ii) has a negative charge, ..............................
(iii) is not deflected in a magnetic field? ..............................

[2]
(b) In a famous experiment, carried out in a vacuum, a very thin sheet of gold was placed in
the path of alpha particles.
It was found that a large number of the alpha particles passed through the sheet with
little or no deflection from their original path. A very small number of the alpha particles
were reflected back towards the source.
(i) Explain, in terms of the force acting, why the direction of motion of an alpha particle
changes when it comes close to the nucleus of a gold atom.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State two conclusions, about the nuclei of atoms, that were made from the results
of this experiment.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]
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5 (a) Six different nuclides have nucleon and proton numbers as follows:
nuclide nucleon number proton number
A 214 84
B 214 85
C 211 84
D 211 86
E 210 82
F 210 83
State which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element. .................. and ................. [1]
(b) Thorium-232 has a half-life of 1.4 × 1010 years.
At a particular instant, the activity of a sample of thorium-232 is 120 Bq.
(i) Calculate the time taken for the activity of this sample to fall to 15 Bq.
time taken ...........................................................[1]

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(ii) Explain why, when the activity has become 15 Bq, much of the sample will no longer be
thorium-232.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) The sample of thorium-232 is used in an experiment in a laboratory.
Explain why its activity may be regarded as constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 4]
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6 (a) An atom consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by orbiting
electrons.
(i) Which of these particles has a positive charge? .............................[1]
(ii) Which two of these particles have almost equal mass?
............................. and ............................. [1]

107
(b) A silver nucleus is denoted by 47 Ag. State the number of protons and the number of neutrons
in this nucleus.
number of protons = ................. number of neutrons = ................. [2]
(c) The graph in Fig. 11.1 shows part of the decay curve of a radioactive nuclide. The count rate
is plotted against time.
300
count rate
counts / s
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
time / hours
Fig. 11.1
(i) Use the graph to find the half-life of this nuclide.
half-life = ...............................................[1]
(ii) Plot two more points on Fig. 11.1 at times greater than 10 hours. Use a dot in a circle to
indicate each point. [2]
[Total: 7]
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7 Fig. 11.1 shows the paths of three α-particles moving towards a thin gold foil.
gold foil
Fig. 11.1
Particle A is moving directly towards a gold nucleus.

Particle B is moving along a line which passes close to a gold nucleus.
Particle C is moving along a line which does not pass close to a gold nucleus.
(a) On Fig. 11.1, complete the paths of the α-particles A, B and C. [3]
(b) State how the results of such an experiment, using large numbers of α-particles,
provides evidence for the existence of nuclei in gold atoms.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 12]
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8 (a) A sodium nucleus decays by the emission of a -particle to form magnesium.

(i) Complete the decay equation below.
24 Na
11 → Mg +
(ii) Fig. 11.1 shows -particles from sodium nuclei moving into the space between the
poles of a magnet.
-particles
Fig. 11.1
Describe the path of the -particles between the magnetic poles.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[5]
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(b) Very small quantities of a radioactive isotope are used to check the circulation of blood
by injecting the isotope into the bloodstream.
(i) Describe how the results are obtained.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why a -emitting isotope is used for this purpose rather than one that
emits either -particles or -particles.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total : 9]
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Radioactivity
Question Paper 3
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Atomic Physics
Sub-Topic Radioactivity
Score: /35
Percentage: /100
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1 In a research laboratory, a radioactive sample is placed close to a radiation detector. The

graph in Fig. 11.1 shows the decay of the sample.
60
50
detector reading 40
counts / min
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time / days
Fig. 11.1
(a) After 6 days the count rate hardly decreases and, in fact, increases a little at times.
Explain these observations.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Use the graph to determine the half-life of the sample. Explain your working carefully.
half-life = ................................................. [4]

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(c) Another radioactive sample is a strong emitter of α-particles and γ-rays. A junior
researcher suggests that a sufficient safety precaution, when working with this sample,
would be to hold the sample with long forceps. Explain why this suggestion, although
helpful, may be insufficient.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
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2 (a) A radioactive source emits α-, β- and γ-radiation.
Which of these radiations
(i) has the shortest range in air, ..............................
(ii) has a negative charge, ..............................
(iii) is not deflected in a magnetic field? ..............................

[2]
(b) In a famous experiment, carried out in a vacuum, a very thin sheet of gold was placed in
the path of alpha particles.
It was found that a large number of the alpha particles passed through the sheet with
little or no deflection from their original path. A very small number of the alpha particles
were reflected back towards the source.
(i) Explain, in terms of the force acting, why the direction of motion of an alpha particle
changes when it comes close to the nucleus of a gold atom.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State two conclusions, about the nuclei of atoms, that were made from the results
of this experiment.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]
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3 (a) Six different nuclides have nucleon and proton numbers as follows:
nuclide nucleon number proton number
A 214 84
B 214 85
C 211 84
D 211 86
E 210 82
F 210 83
State which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element. .................. and ................. [1]
(b) Thorium-232 has a half-life of 1.4 × 1010 years.
At a particular instant, the activity of a sample of thorium-232 is 120 Bq.
(i) Calculate the time taken for the activity of this sample to fall to 15 Bq.
time taken ...........................................................[1]

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(ii) Explain why, when the activity has become 15 Bq, much of the sample will no longer be
thorium-232.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) The sample of thorium-232 is used in an experiment in a laboratory.
Explain why its activity may be regarded as constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 4]
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4 (a) An atom consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by orbiting
electrons.
(i) Which of these particles has a positive charge? .............................[1]
(ii) Which two of these particles have almost equal mass?
............................. and ............................. [1]

107
(b) A silver nucleus is denoted by 47 Ag. State the number of protons and the number of neutrons
in this nucleus.
number of protons = ................. number of neutrons = ................. [2]
(c) The graph in Fig. 11.1 shows part of the decay curve of a radioactive nuclide. The count rate
is plotted against time.
300
count rate
counts / s
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
time / hours
Fig. 11.1
(i) Use the graph to find the half-life of this nuclide.
half-life = ...............................................[1]
(ii) Plot two more points on Fig. 11.1 at times greater than 10 hours. Use a dot in a circle to
indicate each point. [2]
[Total: 7]
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5 Emissions from a radioactive source pass through a hole in a lead screen and into a magnetic
field, as shown in Fig. 10.1.
radioactive A magnetic field

source into paper
lead
screen
3 cm
Fig. 10.1
Radiation detectors are placed at A, B and C. They give the following readings:
A B C
32 counts / min 543 counts / min 396 counts / min
The radioactive source is then completely removed, and the readings become:
A B C
33 counts / min 30 counts / min 31 counts / min
(a) Explain why there are still counts being recorded at A, B and C, even when the radioactive
source has been removed, and give the reason for them being slightly different.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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(b) From the data given, deduce the type of emission being detected, if any, at A, at B and at C
when the radiation source is present.
State the reasons for your answers.
detector at A .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
detector at B .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
detector at C .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 10]
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Forces-Hooke’s law
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Forces Hooke’s law
Score: /44
Percentage: /100
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1 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw a graph of extension against load for a spring which obeys Hooke’s law. [1]
extension
0
0 load
Fig. 3.1
(ii) State the word used to describe the energy stored in a spring that has been stretched or
compressed.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Fig. 3.2 shows a model train, travelling at speed v, approaching a buffer.
model train
buffer
spring
Fig. 3.2
The train, of mass 2.5 kg, is stopped by compressing a spring in the buffer. After the train has
stopped, the energy stored in the spring is 0.48 J.
Calculate the initial speed v of the train.
v = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 6]
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2 An athlete of mass 64 kg is bouncing up and down on a trampoline.
At one moment, the athlete is stationary on the stretched surface of the trampoline. Fig. 3.1 shows
the athlete at this moment.
springs
Fig. 3.1
(a) State the form of energy stored due to the stretching of the surface of the trampoline.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The stretched surface of the trampoline begins to contract. The athlete is pushed vertically
upwards and she accelerates. At time t, when her upwards velocity is 6.0 m / s, she loses
contact with the surface.
(i) Calculate her kinetic energy at time t.
kinetic energy = .........................................................[2]
(ii) Calculate the maximum possible distance she can travel upwards after time t.
maximum distance = .........................................................[3]

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(iii) In practice, she travels upwards through a slightly smaller distance than the distance
calculated in (ii).
Suggest why this is so.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The trampoline springs are tested. An extension-load graph is plotted for one spring. Fig. 3.2
is the graph.
extension
0
0 load
Fig. 3.2
(i) State the name of the point X.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the name of the law that the spring obeys between the origin of the graph and
point X.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 9]
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows part of the extension-load graph for a spring.
extension / cm
3.0
B
A
0
0 12.0
load / N
Fig. 3.1
The spring obeys Hooke’s law between points A and B.
(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, complete the graph between A and B. [1]
(ii) State the name of point B.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The average value of the load between A and B is 6.0 N.
Calculate the work done in extending the spring from A to B.
work done = ...........................................................[2]

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(c) The spring has an unstretched length of 4.0 cm.
An object is hung on the spring and the spring length increases from 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm.
(i) Calculate the mass of the object.
mass = ...........................................................[3]
(ii) The object is immersed in a liquid but remains suspended from the spring.
The liquid exerts an upward force on the object and the length of the spring decreases
to 5.0 cm.
Calculate the upward force exerted on the object by the liquid.
upward force = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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4 Fig. 2.1 shows the extension-load graph for a spring.
P
extension
0
0
load
Fig. 2.1
Point P is the limit of proportionality.
(a) (i) Name the law obeyed by the spring from the origin to P.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Describe two features of the graph which show that the law is obeyed.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) On Fig. 2.1, sketch a possible continuation of the graph when the spring is loaded
beyond the limit of proportionality. [1]
[Total: 4]
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5 (a) State Hooke’s law.
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a graph of the stretching force F acting on a spring against the extension
x of the spring.
250
200
F /N
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
x / mm
Fig. 1.1
(i) State the features of the graph that show that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(ii) Calculate k, the force per unit extension of the spring.
k = ................................................... [3]
(iii) The limit of proportionality of the spring is reached at an extension of 50 mm.
Continue the graph in Fig. 1.1 to suggest how the spring behaves when the
stretching force is increased to values above 125 N. [1]
(iv) Another spring has a smaller value of k. This spring obeys Hooke’s law for
extensions up to 80 mm.
On the grid of Fig. 1.1, draw a possible line of the variation of F with x for this
spring. [1]
[Total: 7]
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6 A spring S is suspended from a clamp stand in a school laboratory.

A student hangs various masses from the end of S and determines the extension x produced
by each mass.
(a) Calculate the weight of a 250 g mass.
weight = ................................................. [2]
(b) The student plots a graph of the force F applied to the spring against the extension x.
Fig. 2.1 is the student’s graph.
6.0
5.0
F /N P
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
x / cm
Fig. 2.1
At point P on the graph, the line begins to curve.
(i) State the name given to point P.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(ii) Use the section of the graph where spring S obeys Hooke’s law (F = kx) to
determine the spring constant k of the spring.
k = ................................................. [2]
(c) Fig. 2.2 shows a mass of 0.12 kg resting on the bottom of a box.
box mass spring
Fig. 2.2
A spring that is identical to S connects the mass and one side of the box. Ignore friction
between the mass and the box.
(i) The box and the mass are at rest.
State the resultant force acting on the mass.
force = ................................................. [1]
(ii) The box is firmly attached, in a horizontal position, to the body of a racing car.
As the car accelerates the spring stretches by 2.0 cm.
1. Using Fig. 2.1, determine the tension in the spring.
tension = ................................................. [1]
2. Calculate the acceleration of the mass produced by this tension.
acceleration = ................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
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Forces ( F= ma/ Resultant forces)

Question Paper 2
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Forces F=m/a/ Resultant forces
Score: /68
Percentage: /100
www.igexams.com
Fig.3.1showsanoiltankthathasarectangularbaseofdimensions2.4mby1.5m.
oil
depth of oil
1.5 m
1.5 m
2.4 m
Fig. 3.1
3
The tank is filled with oil of density 850 kg / m to a depth of 1.5 m.
(a) Calculate
(i) the pressure exerted by the oil on the base of the tank,
pressure = ................................................................. [2]
(ii) the force exerted by the oil on the base of the tank.
force = ................................................................. [2]

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(b) The force calculated in (a)(ii) is the weight of the oil.
Calculate the mass of oil in the tank.
mass = ................................................................. [1]
(c) When he is checking the level of oil in the tank, a man drops a brass key into the oil and it
sinks to the bottom of the oil.
(i) State what this shows about the density of brass.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Explain how attaching the key to a piece of wood could prevent the key from sinking.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 7]
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2 (a) Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 show speed-time graphs for two objects, each moving in a straight line.
speed speed
0 0
0 time 0 time
Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2
(i) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) On a day with no wind, a large object is dropped from a tall building. The object experiences
air resistance during its fall to the ground.
State and explain, in terms of the forces acting, how the acceleration of the object varies
during its fall.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 7]
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3 Fig. 1.1 shows a rocket-powered sled travelling along a straight track. The sled is used to test
components before they are sent into space.
sled
track
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the sled from time t = 0 s.
1000
800
speed
m/s 600
400
200
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
time / s
Fig. 1.2
(a) On Fig. 1.2, mark a point labelled P to indicate a time when the acceleration of the sled is not
constant. [1]
(b) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the sled at t = 1.0 s.
acceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the sled between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s.
distance = ...........................................................[2]
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(c) The resultant force acting on the sled remains constant during the test.
Suggest why the acceleration of the sled is not constant.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]
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4 (a) (i) Mass is a scalar quantity.
State another scalar quantity.
...........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Force is a vector quantity.
State another vector quantity.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A boat is floating on still water.
The mass of the boat is 290 000 kg. A resultant force of 50 kN acts on the boat.
Calculate the acceleration of the boat.
acceleration = ...........................................................[3]
(c) Fig. 2.1, not to scale, shows the view from above of the boat, now on a fast-flowing river. The
boat accelerates.
Two forces are shown acting on the boat. The resultant of these forces is at right angles to the
river banks.
river bank
direction of
force from
engine
direction of
river current
direction of boat
force on boat
from river
current
river bank

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Fig. 2.2 is an incomplete vector diagram of the forces acting on the boat.
resultant force
force from river current
Fig. 2.2
The force from the river current is 80 kN.
(i) Determine the scale that has been used in the vector diagram.
scale is ...............................................................
(ii) On Fig. 2.2, complete the vector diagram to determine the magnitude and direction of the
force from the engine. Measure the angle between the direction of the current and the
force from the engine.
magnitude of force from engine = ...............................................................
angle = ...............................................................
[4]
[Total: 9]
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5 Fig. 3.1 shows part of the extension-load graph for a spring.
extension / cm
3.0
B
A
0
0 12.0
load / N
Fig. 3.1
The spring obeys Hooke’s law between points A and B.
(a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, complete the graph between A and B. [1]
(ii) State the name of point B.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The average value of the load between A and B is 6.0 N.
Calculate the work done in extending the spring from A to B.
work done = ...........................................................[2]

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(c) The spring has an unstretched length of 4.0 cm.
An object is hung on the spring and the spring length increases from 4.0 cm to 6.0 cm.
(i) Calculate the mass of the object.
mass = ...........................................................[3]
(ii) The object is immersed in a liquid but remains suspended from the spring.
The liquid exerts an upward force on the object and the length of the spring decreases
to 5.0 cm.
Calculate the upward force exerted on the object by the liquid.
upward force = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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6 (a) A solenoid connected to a battery produces a magnetic field. The wires are then connected to
the battery terminals the other way round.
Tick one box in the table to indicate the effect on the magnetic field.
decreases but not to zero
decreases to zero
reverses direction
increases
stays the same

[1]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a top view of two bar magnets and a vertical rigid conducting rod carrying a
current. The direction of the current in the rod is coming out of the paper.
vertical rod perpendicular

to paper
N
Fig. 7.1
(i) On Fig. 7.1, draw a single line with an arrow to show the direction of the magnetic field
due to the bar magnets at the position of the rod. [2]
(ii) State the direction of the force exerted on the vertical rod.
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) The rod has a mass of 350 g and the resultant force acting on the rod is 0.21 N. The rod is free
to move.
Calculate the initial acceleration of the rod.
acceleration = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 7]
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7 Parachutes are used to slow down a certain racing car.
Fig. 1.1 shows the racing car, of total mass 750 kg, slowing down by using parachutes.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for 20 s after the car reaches full speed.
80
70
speed 60
m/s
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time t / s
Fig. 1.2
At time t = 6.0 s, the parachutes open.

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(a) On Fig. 1.2,
(i) mark a point, labelled A, where the car is moving at constant speed,
(ii) mark a point, labelled B, where the car is decelerating at a uniform rate,
(iii) mark a point, labelled C, where the car is decelerating at non-uniform rate.
[3]
(b) Calculate
(i) the deceleration of the car at time t = 6.5 s,
deceleration = ............................................... [2]
(ii) the resultant force acting on the car at this time.
resultant force = ............................................... [2]
(c) Explain why there is no resultant force acting on the car at time t = 4.0 s.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
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8 A diver climbs some steps on to a fixed platform above the surface of the water in a swimming-pool.
He dives into the pool. Fig. 2.1 shows the diver about to enter the water.
8.0 m
Fig. 2.1
The mass of the diver is 65 kg. The platform is 8.0 m above the surface of the water.
(a) Calculate
(i) the increase in the gravitational potential energy of the diver when he climbs up to the
platform.
increase in gravitational potential energy = ................................................[1]
(ii) the speed with which the diver hits the surface of the water. Ignore any effects of air
resistance.
speed = ................................................[4]
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(b) In another dive from the same platform, the diver performs a somersault during the descent.
He straightens, and again enters the water as shown in Fig. 2.1.
Discuss whether the speed of entry into the water is greater than, less than or equal to the
speed calculated in (a)(ii). Ignore any effects of air resistance.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 8]
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9 A train has a total mass of 7.5 × 105 kg.
(a) The train accelerates from rest at a constant rate along a straight, horizontal track.
It reaches a speed of 24 m / s in 60 s.
Calculate
(i) the train’s acceleration,
acceleration = .................................................. [2]
(ii) the resultant force acting on the train.
force = .................................................. [2]
(b) The train now travels with a constant speed of 24 m / s along a straight, horizontal track.
The total force opposing the motion due to friction and air resistance is 7.2 × 104 N.
(i) By considering the work done by the train’s engine in 1.0 s, calculate its output
power.
power = .................................................. [2]

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(ii) The train begins to travel up a slope.
Explain why the power of the train’s engine must be increased to maintain the
speed of 24 m / s.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 9]
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Forces - Moments/Centre of
Mass
Question Paper 1
Level IGCSE
Subject Physics
ExamBoard CIE
Sub-Topic Forces moments/centre of mass
Score: /54
Percentage: /100
www.igexams.com
1 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a top view of a tourist vehicle in a game park and two elephants pushing
against the vehicle. The two forces indicated are at right angles to each other.
vehicle
4.0 kN
6.0 kN
elephant
elephant
Fig. 4.1
In the space below, draw a scale vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant
force. Label the two forces applied and the resultant, and clearly state the scale you use.
magnitude of resultant force = ...........................................................[3]

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(b) Fig. 4.2 shows another elephant pushing horizontally against a vehicle with a force of 11 kN at
a distance 1.8 m above the ground. Point M is the centre of mass of the vehicle.
elephant
vehicle
11 kN
M
1.8 m
A
1.25 m
Fig. 4.2
(i) Calculate the moment about point A of the force exerted by the elephant.
moment = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) The mass of the vehicle is 1900 kg, and it does not slide when pushed by the elephant.
Determine whether the elephant tips the vehicle over. Show your working.
calculation
conclusion .....................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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2 (a) Complete the following statement.
An object is in equilibrium when both the .................................................................. and the
.................................................................. on the object are zero. [2]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a ladder AB. End A of the ladder rests against a vertical wall. End B rests on
rough ground.
A F
ladder
wall
3.2 m
1.2 m
P
B ground
240 N
Fig. 3.1
Fig. 3.1 shows two of the forces acting on the ladder. The only force on the ladder at A is F,
which acts at right-angles to the wall. The weight of the ladder is 240 N acting at the centre of
mass of the ladder.
(i) 1. Calculate the moment of the weight of the ladder about point B.
moment = ........................................................ [1]
2. Write an expression, in terms of F, for the moment of F about point B.
moment = ........................................................ [1]

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(ii) Use your answers from (i) to calculate F.
F = ........................................................ [2]
(iii) Explain why there must be an upwards force acting on the ladder at B.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
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3 A metre rule balances when the 50 cm mark is directly above a pivot.
(a) State where in the rule its centre of mass is located.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an apple and a 0.40 N weight placed on the rule so that the rule remains
balanced at the 50 cm mark.
0.40 N
apple weight
50 cm
mark
25 cm
45 cm
pivot
The centre of mass of the apple is 25 cm from the pivot and the centre of mass of the weight
is 45 cm from the pivot.
Calculate
(i) the weight of the apple,
weight = ............................................... [2]
(ii) the mass of the apple.
mass = ............................................... [1]

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(c) The apple is not moved. The weight is removed from the rule and the pivot is moved to the left
until the rule balances as shown in Fig. 3.2.
apple
50 cm
mark
pivot
(i) Explain why the arrangement in Fig. 3.2 balances.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The pivot in Fig. 3.2 is closer to the 50 cm mark than to the centre of mass of the apple.
Compare the weight of the rule to the weight of the apple.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
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4 (a) State the two conditions necessary for a system of forces acting on a body to be in equilibrium.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a loaded wheelbarrow held in equilibrium by a gardener. The wheel of the
wheelbarrow is in contact with the ground at point C.
Fig. 1.1
In Fig. 1.1, there are three vertical forces acting on the wheelbarrow.
P is the upward force applied by the gardener.

Q is the upward force of the ground on the wheel at point C.
W is the weight of the wheelbarrow and its contents.
Explain why the force P is less than the force W
(i) by considering the forces P, Q and W,
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(ii) by considering the moments of the forces P and W about point C.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Fig. 1.2 shows a kitchen cupboard resting on a support and attached to a wall by a screw.
wall screw
cupboard
F
G
0.75 m
support 0.24 m
75 N
Fig. 1.2
The weight of the cupboard and its contents is 75 N. G is the position of the centre of mass of
the cupboard.
The clockwise and anticlockwise moments about point P are equal.
Calculate the force F exerted by the screw.
F = ............................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
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5 Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform, rectangular slab of concrete ABCD standing upright on the ground. The
slab has height 0.60 m, width 0.30 m and mass 18 kg. A force of 40 N acts horizontally to the left
at B.
A B
40 N
0.60 m
D C
0.30 m
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Calculate the weight W of the concrete slab.
W = ........................................................ [1]
(ii) The thickness of the slab is 0.040 m.

Calculate the pressure exerted by the slab on the ground.
pressure = ........................................................ [2]

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(b) (i) On Fig. 2.1, draw and label an arrow to show the weight W of the slab acting at its centre
of mass. [1]
(ii) Calculate
1. the moment of the 40 N force about point D,
moment = ........................................................
2. the moment of W about point D.
moment = ........................................................
[3]
(iii) The ground is rough so that the slab does not slide.
State and explain what happens to the slab as the horizontal force at B is gradually
increased.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
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6 A large crane has a mass of 8500 kg. Fig. 4.1 shows the crane on a muddy building-site.
lifting-arm
hook
axle
caterpillar tracks
Fig. 4.1
(a) Calculate the weight of the crane.
weight = .................................................. [1]
(b) The crane rests on two caterpillar tracks each of which has a contact area with the
ground of 3.4 m2.
(i) Calculate the pressure that the crane exerts on the ground.
pressure = .................................................. [2]

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(ii) As the crane driver walks towards the crane, he starts to sink into the mud. He lays
a wide plank of wood on the mud and he walks along the plank.
Explain why he does not sink into the mud when he walks along the plank.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) When the crane lifts a heavy load with its hook, the load exerts a moment on the
lifting-arm about the axle.
(i) Explain what is meant by moment of a force.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Despite the moment exerted on the lifting-arm, the crane remains in equilibrium.
State the two conditions required for any object to be in equilibrium.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]
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7 (a) (i) Write down the names of three man-made devices in everyday use that depend,
for their action, upon the moments of forces.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
3. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Fig. 3.1 shows a uniform rod AB acted upon by three equal forces F.
F F
A B
F
Fig. 3.1
State two reasons why the rod is not in equilibrium.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
[2]
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(b) Fig. 3.2 shows a uniform rod PQ, supported at its centre and held in a horizontal position.
The length of PQ is 1.00 m.
1.00 m
0.30 m
P Q
12 N S
Fig. 3.2
A force of 12 N acts at a distance of 0.30 m from the support. A spring S, fixed at its
lower end, is attached to the rod at Q.
(i) Calculate the force exerted on PQ by the spring.
force = .................................................. [2]
(ii) Explain why it is not necessary to know the weight of PQ.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]
Cambridge IGCSE™
*0123456789*
PHYSICS0625/04
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) For examination from 2023
SPECIMEN PAPER 1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 9.8 N (acceleration of free fall = 9.8 m / s2).
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over

2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest.
30
speed 25
m/s
20
15
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time t = 30 s.
acceleration = ........................................................... [3]
(b) Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time t = 100 s compares to the
acceleration at time t = 10 s.
Using ideas about forces, explain why any change in the acceleration has occurred.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time t = 120 s and time t = 160 s.
distance = ........................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

3
2 (a) Complete the definitions by giving the name of each quantity.
mass × acceleration = ........................................................
force × time = ........................................................

[2]
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a man using a golf club to hit a ball.
golf club ball
Fig. 2.2
The ball has a mass of 0.046 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for a duration of
5.0 × 10–4 s and the ball leaves the golf club at a speed of 65 m / s.
(i) Calculate the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club.
momentum = ........................................................... [2]
(ii) Calculate the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact with the golf
club.
average force = ........................................................... [2]
(iii) While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes
shape.
State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23 [Turn over

4
3 Fig. 3.1 shows solar cells that use radiation from the Sun to generate electrical power.
Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) State the name of the process which releases energy in the Sun.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe what happens in this process.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Apart from solar cells, there are other energy resources used on Earth for which the radiation
from the Sun is the main source.
State the name of one of these energy resources and explain whether it is renewable.
name of energy resource ...........................................................................................................
explanation ................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) State two advantages and two disadvantages of using solar cells to generate electrical
power.
advantage 1 ...............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
advantage 2 ...............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage 1 ..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage 2 ..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23
5
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a balloon filled with helium that is used to lift measuring instruments to a great
height above the Earth’s surface.
Fig. 4.1
(a) Using ideas about momentum, explain how the atoms of helium produce a force on the wall
of the balloon.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) At ground level, the pressure of the helium in the balloon is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The volume of the
helium is 9.6 m3.
The balloon is released and it rises quickly through the atmosphere. The volume of the helium
increases. The temperature of the helium remains constant.
(i) Explain why the pressure in the balloon decreases as the balloon rises.
You should refer to helium atoms in your answer.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Calculate the pressure of the helium when its volume is 12 m3.
pressure = ........................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]

6
5 (a) Compare the arrangement and motion of the particles in ice and in liquid water.
arrangement ..............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
motion ........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A lake has a layer of ice on its surface. The area of the lake is 1800 m2. The ice has a
thickness of 0.025 m. The density of ice is 920 kg / m3.
(i) Calculate the mass of ice on the lake.
mass = ........................................................... [2]
(ii) At night, the temperature of the ice on the lake falls by 3.5 °C.
The specific heat capacity of ice is 2.1 × 103 J / kg °C.
Calculate the change in energy as the temperature falls.
energy = ........................................................ J [2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

7
BLANK PAGE

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a converging lens and its principal axis. The points F1 and F2 are each a
principal focus of the lens.
O
principal axis
F1 F2
Fig. 6.1
An object O is placed between F1 and the lens.
(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw two rays from the top of the object O to locate the image.
Label the image I. [3]
(ii) The object O is moved to the left along the principal axis so that it is further from the lens
than F1.
Fig. 6.2 is a diagram of the new arrangement with the new image shown.
F1 F2
principal axis
image
Fig. 6.2
Underline three of the terms below that describe the image shown in Fig. 6.2.
diminished enlarged inverted real same size upright virtual

[2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

9
(b) Fig. 6.3 shows yellow light passing through a glass prism.
Fig. 6.3
Blue light enters the prism along the same path as the yellow light.
On Fig. 6.3, draw the path of the blue light as it enters, passes through and leaves the prism.
[2]
[Total: 7]

10
7 (a) State a typical value for the speed of sound in air.
speed = ........................................................... [1]
(b) A sound wave in air has a wavelength of 22 mm.
Using your value for the speed of sound in (a), calculate the frequency of the sound wave.
frequency = ........................................................... [2]
(c) Fig. 7.1 shows a solid block made from hot liquid metal. As the liquid cooled, a bubble formed
inside the block. The bubble is not visible from outside the block.
bubble inside
metal block
metal
block
Fig. 7.1
Describe and explain how to use ultrasound to determine the size and position of the bubble
inside the metal block. You may draw on the diagram.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

11
8 Fig. 8.1 is a circuit diagram.
24 V
8.0 4.0
Y Z
6.0
Fig. 8.1
(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.
resistance = ........................................................... [4]
(b) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the 8.0 Ω resistor.
p.d. = ........................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]

12
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a conducting ball that oscillates between two charged plates.
clamp
insulating
thread
positive plate
negative plate
ball
+ –
very high sensitive

voltage supply ammeter
Fig. 9.1
As the ball oscillates, it touches each plate in turn.
(a) Referring to the charge on the ball, explain why the ball moves to the positive plate after
touching the negative plate.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State which particles move when there is a current and state the direction in which they move
through the sensitive ammeter.
particles: ....................................................................................................................................
direction: ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

13
(c) For each complete oscillation of the ball moving between the plates, a charge of 8.5 × 10–10 C
is transferred from one plate to the other. The frequency of oscillation is 4.0 Hz.
Calculate the current shown on the sensitive ammeter.
current = ........................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]

14
10 (a) (i) An americium (Am) nucleus decays by the emission of an α-particle into a neptunium
(Np) nucleus.
Complete the nuclear equation for this decay.
241
95
Am →
[2]
(ii) Americium is used in smoke detectors.

Explain why beta (β) emitters or gamma (γ) emitters are not used in smoke detectors.
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The half-life of this americium nuclide is 470 years. A sample of this nuclide contains
8.0 × 1014 atoms. After some time, 6.0 × 1014 americium atoms have decayed.
Calculate the time required for this decay.
time = ........................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

15
11 (a) Describe and explain how a stable star is formed.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) Describe and explain what can be deduced from cosmic microwave background radiation
(CMBR).
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]

16
12 Fig. 12.1 shows a transformer.
240 V
mains
8000
turns
Fig. 12.1
There are 8000 turns in the primary coil of the transformer. The primary coil is connected to a
240 V mains supply. A 6.0 V lamp connected to the secondary coil operates at full brightness.
(a) Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
number of turns = ........................................................... [2]
(b) The current in the lamp is 2.0 A. The transformer operates with 100% efficiency.
Calculate the current in the primary circuit.
current = ........................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

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Length & Time

Time Allowed: 82 minutes

(a) State the formula needed to calculate the density.

2 (a) Define density.

mass of sheet = 60.7 g

Calculate the student’s values for

(i) the volume of the sheet,

volume = .................................................. [2]

(ii) the average thickness of the sheet.

=thickness .................................................. [2]

(i) Name a measuring instrument she could use.

3 In a laboratory, an experiment is carried out to measure the acceleration of a trolley on a horizontal

force / N 4.0 6.0 10.0 14.0

acceleration 0.50 0.85 1.55 2.25

(i) Find the value of this force. ............................................................................................ [1]

(c) Show that the gradient of your graph is about 5.7.

light sensor 2.000 m

narrow light beam

gravitational potential energy gained = .......................................................... [3]

expected speed = .......................................................... [2]

(i) Calculate the actual speed of the cylinder.

actual speed = ...............................................................

(a) The person throws a stone horizontally.

Sound travels at 320 m / s in that region.

(a) Describe what happens to the speed of the car

(i) between A and B, .....................................................................................................

(ii) between B and C, .....................................................................................................

(iii) between C and D. .....................................................................................................

distance = ................................................ [3]

(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.

acceleration = ................................................ [3]

acceleration = ......................................................... [2]

force = ......................................................... [2]

speed = ......................................................... [3]

The rock has a mass of approximately 90 g.

(b) Describe how the volume of the rock could be found.

(c) The mass of the rock is 88 g and its volume is 24 cm3.

density of rock = .............................. [2]

Time Allowed: 59 minutes

distance = ................................................................. [4]

(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

4 At a sports event, a champion runner and a car take part in a race.

On Fig. 1.1, draw

(i) a graph to show the motion of the runner, [1]

(ii) a graph to show the motion of the car.

(b) Use your graphs to determine

(i) the distance travelled by the runner in the 5.0 s,

(ii) the distance travelled by the car in the 5.0 s,

(iii) the time at which the car overtakes the runner.

(b) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the sled at t = 1.0 s.

Suggest why the acceleration of the sled is not constant.

6 A comet, travelling in space, enters the atmosphere of a planet.

State what this suggests about the motion of the comet.

(ii) Determine the distance travelled during the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s.

(c) Determine the acceleration of the comet at t = 11.0 s.

(d) Suggest what happens to the comet at t = 12.0 s.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the falling ball.