Chapter 8

Training and
Developing
Employees

Part Three | Training and Development

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publishing as Prentice Hall The University of West Alabama
WHERE WE ARE NOW…

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Steps in the Training Process

The Five-Step Training Process

1 Needs analysis
2 Design the overall training program
3 Develop the course
4 Program implementation
5 Evaluation

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 4th Implementation
Training Methods for Employees
On-the-Job Training : • Electronic Performance
Coaching, Job Rotation, Special Support System (EPSS)
Assignment • Simulated Learning
Other Training Techniques:
• Apprenticeship Training
• Informal Learning
• Job Instruction Training
• Lectures
• Behavioral Modeling
• Audiovisual-Based Training

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–4

The OJT Training Method
• On-the-Job Training (OJT)
➢ Having a person learn a job
by actually doing the job.
• Types of On-the-Job Training
➢ Coaching or understudy
➢ Job rotation
➢ Special assignments
• Advantages
➢ Inexpensive
➢ Learn by doing
➢ Immediate feedback

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Other Training Techniques for the
employees
• Apprenticeship Training: A structured process by which
employees become skilled through a combination of
classroom instructions and on the job training

• Informal Learning
• Lectures

• Job Instruction Training: Listing each job’s basic tasks,

along with key points, in order to provide step-by step
training for employees

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–6

Other Training Techniques for the
employees
• Behavior Modeling: A Training technique in which the
trainees are first shown a good management techniques
in a film, are asked to play roles in a simulated situation
and are then given feedback and praise by the supervisor
1) Modeling
2) Role playing
3) Social reinforcement
4) Transfer of training

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–7

Other Training Techniques for the
employees
• Audiovisual Based Training
• Simulated Learning
Advantages:
• Too expensive to create, but for large companies the cost
per employee is usually reasonable
• Reduce Learning time
• Mastery of Learning
• Increased motivation

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–8

Other Training Techniques for employees
• Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS):
Set of computerized tools and displays that automate
training, documentation, and phone support, integrate this
automation into applications, and provide support that’s
faster, cheaper, and more effective than traditional
methods (Job Aids)

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–9

 Management Development Techniques

Managerial On-the-Job Training

Job Coaching and Action

rotation understudy learning

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Off the Job Management Techniques

Off-the-Job Management Training

and Development Techniques

The case study method Role playing

Management games Executive coaches

Outside seminars

University-related programs

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–11

Managerial off the job training
• Management Games:
Advantages:
• Its raises trainee’s communication skills
• Helps them to better manage the information flow
between individuals and teams
• Improves planning and problem solving

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Evaluating the Training Effort
• Designing the Evaluation Study
➢ Time series design

• Choosing Which Training Effects to Measure

➢ Reaction of trainees to the program
➢ Learning that actually took place
➢ Behavior that changed on the job
➢ Results achieved as a result of the training

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–13

KEY TERMS

employee orientation virtual classroom

training lifelong learning
negligent training management development
task analysis job rotation
competency model action learning
performance analysis case study method
on-the-job training (OJT) management game
apprenticeship training role playing
job instruction training (JIT) behavior modeling
programmed learning in-house development center
electronic performance support executive coach
systems (EPSS) organizational development
job aid controlled experimentation

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 8–14

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