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Home / Blog / Different Types of Pumps
 March 14, 2022
 Post Views: 2,099

Different Types of Pumps

Pump is a mechanical device used to transfer different fluids

from one position to another. It is a hydraulic device that lifts a fluid
from a low to a high level and moves it from a low-pressure area to a
high-pressure area. Pumps transfer fluids by converting the
mechanical energy of the fluid into pressure energy (hydraulic
energy).

Classification of pumps
Pumps are divided into two main categories: dynamic and positive
displacement (aka displacement)
The following are some of the pumps under these two categories:

Classification of pumps
Dynamic pumps:
 Centrifugal pumps
 Vertical centrifugal pumps
 Horizontal centrifugal pumps
  Submersible pumps
 Fire hydrant system
Positive displacement pumps:
 Diaphragm pumps
 Gear pumps
 Peristaltic pumps
 Cam pumps
 Piston pumps

Dynamic Pumps
There are different types of dynamic pumps, some of which will be
discussed below, such as centrifugal pumps, vertical centrifugal
pumps, horizontal centrifugal pumps, submersible pumps and fire
hydrant systems.

Centrifugal Pumps
These types of pumps are the most commonly used in the world. The
work is very simple, well described and carefully tested. These
pumps are robust, efficient and fairly inexpensive to manufacture.
Whenever the pump is running, the fluid pressure will increase from
the pump’s inlet to its outlet. The change in pressure will drive the
fluid throughout the system.
This pump produces an enhanced force by transferring the
mechanical power of the motor to the fluid throughout the rotating
impeller. The fluid flow will enter the center of the impeller and flow
out with its vanes. Centrifugal force thus increases the velocity of the
fluid and energy like kinetic energy can be changed into force.
Depending on the type of water flow they produce, centrifugal pumps
can be divided into three subtypes. The flow pattern is determined by
the impeller shape and the pump construction.
PERFORMAN DESCRIPTION SUB-
CE TYPE

High flow rate Also known as a Axial

Low pressure propeller pump, it Flow
produces water flow Pump
along the impeller
shaft direction.

Low flow rate This pump type Radial

High pressure produces flow in a Flow
direction Pump
perpendicular to the
shaft (90° angle).

Medium flow This pump type Mixed

rate combines radial and Flow
Medium pressure axial flow, Pump
producing a conical
flow pattern around
the shaft.

Vertical Centrifugal Pumps

Vertical centrifugal pumps are also known as cantilever pumps.
These pumps use a unique shaft and maintenance design that allows
the volume to fall into the pit because the bearings are on the outside
of the pit. This pump model does not use a filled container to cover
the shaft, but uses a throttle bushing in its place. Parts washers are a
common application for this type of pump.
Horizontal centrifugal pumps
These types of pumps include at least two otherwise more impellers.
These pumps are used for pumping services. Each stage is basically
a manifold pump.
All phases are in a similar bunker and mounted on a similar shaft. At
least eight additional phases can be installed on separate horizontal
shafts. Each phase enhances the head by approximately equal
amounts. A multi-stage pump can also be a single-stage pump, or
else a double suction pump on the first impeller. Various pumps have
been supplied and repaired for this type of centrifugal pump.
Submersible Pumps
These pumps are also known as stormwater, sewage and septic
pumps. Applications for these pumps include primarily building
services, domestic, industrial, commercial, rural, municipal and
stormwater recycling applications.

These pumps are suitable for transferring stormwater, groundwater,

sewage, blackwater, greywater, rainwater, trade waste, chemicals,
bore water and food. These plumbing applications mainly include
different impellers such as closed type pumps, convection
pumps, vortex pumps, multistage pumps, single channel pumps,
cutting pumps or grinder pumps. For different applications, a wide
range of options are available, including high flow, low flow, low head
or high head.

Fire hydrant system

Fire hydrant pump systems are also known as fire hydrant booster,
fire pump and fire pump. These are high pressure pumps designed to
increase the firefighting capacity of a building by increasing the force
within the hydrant service, as the mains are not sufficient.
Applications for this system include mainly irrigation and water
distribution.
Positive displacement
pumps
There are different types of volumetric pumps, some of which will be
discussed below, such as diaphragm pumps, gear pumps, peristaltic
pumps, lobe pumps, and piston pumps.

Diaphragm Pumps
Diaphragm pumps are also known as AOD pumps (Air Operated
Diaphragm), pneumatic and AODD pumps. Applications for these
pumps include mainly in continuous applications such as general
plant, industrial and mining. AOD pumps are particularly suitable
where power is not available and are otherwise used in unstable and
combustible areas. These pumps are also used for transferring
chemicals, industrial wastewater, food manufacturing, underground
coal mines, etc.
These pumps are response pumps that include two diaphragms
driven by condensing air. The air portion of the transfer valve
alternately applies air to both diaphragms; each diaphragm contains
a set of ball valves or check valves.
Working principle of pneumatic
diaphragm pump

Diaphragm-Pump-Working-demo -
diagram
More detailed air operated diaphragm pump working principle and
related knowledge please see this article: AODD Pumps Working
Principle.

Gear Pumps
These pumps are a rotating positive displacement pump, which
means they produce a steady amount of fluid with each revolution.
These pumps move the fluid by entering machinery inside and
outside the network for a non-exciting pumping action. These pumps
are capable of pumping at high forces and can efficiently pump highly
concentrated fluids.
Gear pumps do not contain any valves that cause losses such as
friction and high impeller speeds. Therefore, the pumps are suitable
for handling thick fluids such as fuels and grease. These pumps are
not suitable for driving solids and harsh liquids.

Peristaltic pumps
Peristaltic pumps are also known as tube pumps and peristaltic
dosing pumps. It is a volumetric pump and the applications of these
pumps are mainly related to processing in the chemical, food and
water treatment industries. It provides a steady flow for measuring
and mixing and is also capable of pumping various liquids such as
toothpaste and various chemicals.
Lobe Pumps
Lobe pumps are also called rotor pumps and these pumps have
different characteristics such as excellent efficiency, rust resistance,
sanitary quality, reliability etc. These pumps can handle highly
concentrated fluids and solids without harming them. These pumps
may work with gear pumps, except for the vanes that do not touch
each other. In addition, these pumps have superior pumping
chamber compared to gear pumps that allow them to move slurry.
These are made of stainless steel and are very polished.
Piston Pumps
Piston pump is a positive displacement pump, also known as a
plunger pump, in which a high pressure seal responds through a
piston. These pumps are often used for water irrigation, scenarios
requiring high, reliable pressure and delivery systems for conveying
chocolate, pastry, paint, etc.

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Different Types of Pumps: Working and Their

Applications
There are different types of pumps available in the market. This
article will assist you to know the main functionalities of each type of
pump. The type of pump, as well as selection, mainly depend on our
requirement. The application mainly includes the type of fluid you
desire to pump, the distance you desire to move the fluid, and the
quantity you require to get over a particular time frame. However, it is
complicated to recognize accurately what kind of pump you must
select. The identifying of the pump can be done with the design as
well as positions. To make simpler things while seeking to choose
your exact pump, and the pumps can be classified into two types
which function in extremely dissimilar ways & generally summarize
most of the pump designs.

Types of Pumps
Pumps are classified into two types namely Dynamic pumps as well
as Positive Displacement Pumps.

Types of Pumps

Dynamic Pumps
Dynamic pumps are classified into different types but some of them
are discussed below like Centrifugal, Vertical centrifugal, Horizontal
centrifugal, Submersible, and Fire hydrant systems.

1). Centrifugal Pumps

These types of pumps are most commonly used worldwide. The

working is very simple, described well and carefully tested. This
pump is strong, efficient and fairly cheap to make. Whenever the
pump is in action, then the fluid pressure will increase from the inlet
of the pump to its outlet. The change of pressure will drive the liquid
throughout the system.

Centrifugal Pumps
This kind of pump produces an enhancement within force by
transmitting mechanical power from the electrical motor to the liquid
throughout the revolving impeller. The flow of liquid will enter the
center of impeller and exits along with its blades. The centrifugal
power hereby enhances the velocity of fluid & also the energy like
kinetic can be altered to force.
2). Vertical Centrifugal Pumps

Vertical centrifugal pumps are also called as cantilever pumps. These

pumps use an exclusive shaft & maintain design that permits the
volume to fall within the pit as the bearings are external to the pit.
This mode of pump utilizes no filling container to cover the shaft
however in its place uses a throttle bushing. A parts washer is the
common application of this kind of pump.

Vertical
Centrifugal Pumps
3). Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps

These types of pumps include a minimum of two otherwise more

impellers. These pumps are utilized in pumping services. Every stage
is fundamentally a divide pump.

Horizontal
Centrifugal Pumps
All the phases are in a similar shelter & mounted on a similar shaft.
On a solo horizontal shaft, a minimum of eight otherwise additional
stages can be mounted. Every stage enhances the head by around
an equal amount. These types of pumps are normally utilized in
companies that transfer large amounts of industrial fluids. All kinds of
pumps have been providing as well as servicing this type of
centrifugal pump.

4). Submersible Pumps

These pumps are also named as stormwater, sewage, and septic

pumps. The applications of these pumps mainly include building
services, domestic, industrial, commercial, rural, municipal, &
rainwater recycle applications.
 Submersible Pumps
These pumps are apt for shifting stormwater, subsoil water, sewage,
black water, grey water, rainwater, trade waste, chemicals, bore
water, and foodstuffs. The applications of these pipes mainly include
in different impellers like closed, contra-block, vortex, multi-stage,
single channel, cutter, otherwise grinder pumps. For different
applications, there is an extensive selection is accessible which
includes high flow, low flow, low head, otherwise high head.

5). Fire Hydrant Systems

Fire hydrant pump systems are also named as hydrant boosters, fire
pumps, & fire water pumps. These are high force water pumps
intended to enhance the capacity of fire fighting of construction by
increasing the force within the hydrant service as mains is not
sufficient. The applications of this system mainly include irrigation as
well as water transfer.

Fire Hydrant Systems

Positive Displacement Pumps
Positive displacement pumps are classified into different types but
some of them are discussed below like diaphragm, gear, peristaltic,
lobe, and piston pumps.

1). Diaphragm Pumps

Diaphragm pumps also known as AOD pumps (Air operated

diaphragms), pneumatic, and AODD pumps. The applications of
these pumps mainly include in continuous applications like in general
plants, industrial and mining. AOD pumps are particularly employed
where power is not obtainable, otherwise in unstable and
combustible regions. These pumps are also utilized for transferring
chemical, food manufacturing, underground coal mines, etc.

Diaphragm Pumps
These pumps are responding pumps and include two diaphragms
which are driven with condensed air. The section of air by transfer
valve applies air alternately toward the two diaphragms; where every
diaphragm contains a set of ball or check valves.

2). Gear Pumps

These pumps are a kind of rotating positive dislocation pump, which

means they force a stable amount of liquid for every revolution.
These pumps move liquid with machinery coming inside and outside
of mesh for making a non-exciting pumping act. These pumps are
capable of pumping on high forces & surpass at pumping high
thickness fluids efficiently.
 Gear Pumps
A gear pump doesn’t contain any valves to cause losses like friction
& also high impeller velocities. So this pump is compatible for
handling thick liquids like fuel as well as grease oils. These pumps
are not suitable for driving solids as well as harsh liquids.

3). Peristaltic Pumps

Peristaltic pumps are also named as tube pumps, peristaltic pumps.

These are a kind of positive displacement pumps and the
applications of these pumps mainly involve in processing of chemical,
food, and water treatment industries. It makes a stable flow for
measuring & blending and also capable of pumping a variety of
liquids like toothpaste and all kinds of chemicals.

Peristaltic Pump

4). Lobe Pumps

These pumps offer different characteristics like an excellent high

efficiency, rust resistance, hygienic qualities, reliability, etc. These
pumps can handle high thickness fluids & solids without hurting them.
The working of these pumps can be related to gear pumps, apart
from the lobes which do not approach into contact by each other.
Additionally, these pumps have superior pumping rooms compare
with gear pumps that allow them to move slurries. These are made
with stainless steel as well as extremely polished.

Lobe Pump

5). Piston Pumps

Piston pumps are one kind type of positive dislocation pumps

wherever the high force seal responds through the piston. These
pumps are frequently used in water irrigation, scenarios requiring
high, reliable pressure and delivery systems for transferring
chocolate, pastry, paint, etc.

Piston Pumps
Thus, this is all about classification of pumps like centrifugal & positive
displacement. These are used in different kinds of buildings to make
simpler the movement of liquid materials. The pumps which are used
in housing & commercial can handle water. Fire pumps supply a
rushed water supply for automatic sprinklers and firefighters, and
booster pumps supply clean water to higher floors in apartments.
Here is a question for you, what is the function of Hydronic Pumps
within HVAC systems?

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