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Ee Prelims
Ee Prelims
Ee Prelims
NON – LINEAR ELEMENTS – when the current PARALLEL CIRCUIT - components are
passing through it does not change linearly with connected across each other with exactly two
the linear change in applied voltage across it, at electrically common nodes with the same
a particular temperature and frequency. voltage across each component.
- parameters change with applied voltage and - voltage is equal across each parallel
current changes. Semiconductor devices like component.
diodes, transistors, thyristors, etc. - total parallel circuit current equals the sum of
the individual branch currents.
ACTIVE ELEMENTS - has the capability of - total resistance of a parallel circuit is less than
enhancing the energy level of an electric signal any of the individual brand resistances.
passing through it.
Examples: battery, a transformer, semiconductor NETWORK REDUCTION
devices, etc. DELTA-STAR AND STAR-DELTA PROCESS
1) When starting with a network, draw a Y
PASSIVE ELEMENTS - simply allows the network, vise versa.
passage of the signal through it without 2) Identify the three corresponding terminals on
enhancement. each network as 1, 2 and 3.
- do not have any intrinsic property of boosting 3) Identify the resistors on the network as
an electric signal. follows:
Examples: resistors, inductors, thermistors and Resistors between terminals 1 and 2 as (R12)
capacitors Resistors between terminals 1 and 3 as (R13)
Resistors between terminals 2 and 3 as (R23)
UNILATERAL ELEMENTS - The magnitude of 4) Identify the resistors on the Y network as
the current passing through an element is follows:
affected if there is a change in polarity of the Resistors connected to terminal 1 (R1)
applied voltage. Examples (diodes, transistors, Resistors connected to terminal 2 (R2)
etc.) Resistors connected to terminal 3 (R3)
AYRTON SHUNT
MULTI-RANGE VOLTMETER - A DC voltmeter
can be converted into a multi-range voltmeter by
connecting a number of resistors (multipliers) in
series with the meter movement.
OHMMETER
- purpose is to measure the resistance placed
between its leads. This resistance reading is
indicated through a mechanical meter
movement which operates on electric current.
SERIES OHMMETER
VOLTMETER - is used to measure the voltage
across a circuit component.
FUNCTIONS
CURRENT LIMITING RESISTANCE - A
resistor inserted in an electrical circuit to limit the
flow of current to some predetermined value. It
is used chiefly to protect tubes and other
components during warm-up.
ZERO ADJUSTS RESISTANCE - A resistor
inserted in an electrical circuit to adjusts the
value of resistance to zero.
METER RESISTANCE - A resistance of the
meter's armature coil.
UNKNOWN RESISTANCE - A resistance that
unknown value in a circuit.