Acid-base balance disorders

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A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting or 24
hours. In the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What
shift of acid-base state
caused these changes?
A. Gaseous acidosis
B. Gaseous alkalosis
C. Excretory alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
E. Excretory acidosis

A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by

apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-
base balance is it?
A. Excretory acidosis
B. Gaseous alkalosis
C. Gaseous acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
E. Nongaseous alkalosis

A man is in the state of rest. He has been forcing himself to breath deeply and
frequently for 3-4 minutes. What effect will it have upon acid-bace balance of the
organism?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
E. There will be no change in acid-base
Balance

During auscultation a 26-year-old patient was asked to breathe deep. After 10 breaths
the patient lost consciousness, which is associated with the development of the
following condition:
A. Erythropenia
B. Carbon dioxide acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Polycythemia
E. Reduced oxygen capacity of blood

A patient suffers from disrupted patency of the airways at the level of small and
medium-sized bronchial tubes. What changes of acid-base balance can occur in the
patient?
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory acidosis
E. Acid-base balance remains unchanged

Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What
disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of
ketone bodies in blood?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alcalosis
C. Any changes woun’t happen
D. Metabolic acidosis
E. Respiratory alcalosis

The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of
unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances,
which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:
A. Ketone bodies
B. Amino acids
C. Monosaccharides
D. High fatty acids
E. Cholesterol esters

An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main
diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base
balance disorder is the case?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
E. No disorders of acid-base balance willbe observed

After taking poor-quality food a patient developed repeated episodes of diarrhea. On

the next day he presented with decreased arterial pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole.
Blood pH is 7,18. These abnormalities were caused by the
development of:
A. Gaseous alkalosis
B. Gaseous acidosis
C. Nongaseous alkalosis
D. Nongaseous acidosis
E. Metabolic alkalosis
 Acid base balance

Alkalosis Acidosis
(High pH >7.4) (Low pH < 7.4)
Reasons: Reasons:
- Loss of acid (eg, Co2 or stomach content). - Loss of alkaline (eg, intestine content)
- Increase Alkaline. = acidosis
- Increase acids = acidosis.
 Alkalosis Types
> 7.4

Respiratory / Gaseous: Metabolic / excretery/ nongaseous:

(Co2) - Vomiting = loss of acid = alkalosis
- Deep breathing / hyperventilation = more
respiration = more loss of Co2 = less acid
= alkalosis.
- For example, someone is climbing a mountain.
 Acidosis Types
<7.4

Respiratory/gaseous Metabolic/excretery/ nongaseous

Hypoventilation = Less respiration - Diarrhia = loss of alkaline = acidosis.
= less loss of Co2 = Acidosis. - Increase of ketone bodies (acids) =
Acidosis.