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MODULE 2

Acute Effect: a change in the body after a relatively short term following exposure to a
substance.

Biological Monitoring: the measurement of the body fluids as it relates to exposure to

hazardous substances. Results may be compared with specific biological exposure standards.

Carcinogen: a chemical, physical or biological agent that can cause cancer in humans or and
animals. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) publishes a list of
carcinogens.

Chronic Effect: a change in the body over a relatively long period of time following repeated
exposure.

Corrosive: a chemical that will burn the skin upon contact.

Dermatitis: the most common occupational disease with symptoms of redness, blisters, and
cracks in the skin.

Engineering Controls: a type of hazard control that uses physical engineering methods.
Examples include ventilation, isolation, enclosure, and re-design of equipment.

Ergonomics: the study or work stressors associated with the overuse of muscles, bad posture,
and repeated tasks. This is accomplished by designing tasks, work spaces, controls, displays,
tools, lighting, and equipment to fit the employee´s physical capabilities and limitations.

Fume: fine, solid particles formed when hot metal vapors cools that are associated with metal,
especially from welding.

Hazardous Material: any substance that may cause adverse health effects to people and the
environment.

Heat Stress: exposure to extreme heat that can result in occupational illnesses and injuries.

Industrial Hygiene: art and science dedicated to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and
control of workplace environmental stressors that may result in injury, illness, impairment, or
affect the well being of workers. These stressors include biological, chemical, physical,
ergonomic and psychosocial factors.

Mist: small droplets of liquid suspended in the air.

Occupational Exposure Limit: upper acceptable concentration of a substance in workplace

air particular material. Examples include the PEL and TLV.
Occupational Illness: a condition or sickness that results from exposure to a biological,
chemical, or physical hazard.

Organic Solvent: carbon based substances that are capable of dissolving or dispersing one or
more other substances. They can affect the skin through direct contact or have respiratory
affects from vapors.

Particulates: fine solid particles that are suspended in air. Of special concern is the respirable
portion, between 1-10 microns, that can be deposited in the lower lung.

Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL): occupational exposure limits published by OSHA.

Personal Air Sampling: includes a series of methods to measure worker exposure to

substance(s). May include direct reading instruments or the collection of the substances on a
designated media with subsequent laboratory analysis.

Reproductive Hazards: any material that can affect the development of sperm and egg cells.
These include genotoxin that can damage the genes of an individual, teratogen that can affect
the normal development of the fetus and a mutagen that can affect the DNA of the fetus.

Routes of Entry: how a substance may enter the body. These include inhalation, ingestion,
skin or eye contact, and injection.

Safety Data Sheet: previously material safety data sheet, a document that contains
information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to
work safely with the chemical product.

Sensitizer: a substance which after repeated exposure can cause skin and/or respiratory effects
in allergic individuals.

Short Term Exposure Limits and Ceiling Values: occupational exposure standards for short
term exposures usually 15 to 30 minutes.

Threshold Limit Values (TLV): occupational exposure limits for substances and physical
hazards published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, a non-
governmental organization.

Time Weighted Average: occupational exposure limits for an 8-hour shift.

Vapor: form that a gas or liquid takes when it evaporates into the air. Of greatest concern are
organic petroleum products that from a vapor. A relative measure is vapor pressure.

Ventilation: an engineering control designed to supply or exhaust air. Local exhaust is

designed to remove contaminants at the source.

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MODULE 5: HAND TOOLS AND PORTABLE POWER TOOLS

DEFINITION OF TERM

1. Burn – is an injury to the skin or other organic issue primarily caused by heat or due
to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals.
2. Carelessness – failure to give sufficient attention to handle and that usually can be
easily changed.
3. Defective tools – any tools that is unsafe or suffers from any design or manufacturing
defect which could reasonably be expected to make it unsafe or not of satisfactory
quality.
4. Cartridge tools – a case or container that holds a substance, device or material which
is difficult, troublesome, or awkward to handle and that usually can be easily changed.
5. Electrical shock – the perceptible and physical effect of an electrical current that
enters the body. The shock may range from an unpleasant but harmless jolt of static
electricity.
6. Electrical tools – are tools used to work on an electrical system. These can include a
wide range of tools such as wire and cable cutlers, wire strippers, coaxial compression
tools, telephony tools and even more.
7. Explosion – an act or instance of exploding, a violent expansion or bursting with
noise, as of gunpowder or a boiler.
8. Falling objects – means objects falling form height including displaced, dropped, or
blown goods, tools, debris or waste material.
9. Firearm – any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual.
10. Fuel/ gasoline equipment – means all fuel fixtures and equipment attached or affixed
to, located atm or used or held for use in connection with the station properties,
including all petroleum pumps and dispensers pans or under dispenser containers
11. Misuse of tools – failure to use the tool according to be instructions provided by the
manufacturer.
12. Hand tools – any tool that is powered by hand rather than a motor. Categorizes of
hand tools include wrenches, pliers, cutlers, files, striking tools, vices clamps
hacksaws, drills, jackhammers, sanders and wrenches.
13. Personal protective equipment (PPE) – is the protective clothing, helmets, googles,
or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or
infection.
14. Pneumatic tools – are powered by compressed air. Common types of this air powered
hand tools that are used in industry include buffers, nailing and stapling guns,
grinders, drills, jack hammers, sanders and wrenches.
15. Portable power tools – is one that requires a power source to operate, such as
electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, explosive – attracted, and powder –
activated device.
16. Ricochet – the motion of an object or a projectile in rebounding or deflecting from a
surface one or more times as a result of glancing blow.
 17. Serve personal injury – means great bodily injury or disfigurement, extreme mental
anguish, or mental trauma.
18. Strain – a feeling of stress and worry that you have because you are trying to do too
much, are dealing with a difficult problem.
19. Tool bag – is a more extreme condition of being a tool. It defines one that is used to
be popular, is not aware of his social surrounding and feelings, lack decent hygiene.
20. Toolbox – a container in which you keep and carry small tools, especially those used
in house or for repairing a car.

MODULE 6

DEFINITION OF TERM

1. Anchorage – that portion of harbor or area outside a harbor suitable for anchoring or
in which shops are permitted to anchor.
2. Bamboo scaffolding – a temporary structure to support people and materials when
constructing or repairing building exteriors interiors.
3. Base plates – a solid piece of material that has enough strength and sturdiness to
serve as the surface to which other things are attached to be supported.
4. Braces – a support that helps to steady or strengthen, and to brace is to prepare for
something hard.
5. Coupler scaffolding – are essentially the fundamental component that is used to
assemble tube – and serving as standards, braces or ties are joined together by means
of purpose designed couples.
6. Dismantling – the act of causing an organization or system to stop functioning by
gradually reducing power or purpose.
7. Electrocution – to kill or severely injure by electric shock. Because of flowed
electrical work by contractors.
8. Fall hazard – is anything at your worksite that could cause you to lose your balance
or lose bodily support and result in a fall.
9. Frame scaffold – a scaffold consisting of platforms supported on fabricated end
frames with integral posts, horizontal bearers, and intermediate members.
10. Guardrails – are a common and convenient way to protect employees from falls.
They can be used to guard walking surfaces, openings, roof edges, catwalks and also
from edges on scaffold, suspended work platforms, elevating work platforms and
other walking surfaces.
11. Longitudinal bracing – this is bracing fixed at each joint excluding support
locations. It acts in conjunction with the rafter diagonal bracing to provide lateral
stability to the roof structure.
12. Mobile scaffolds – types of supported scaffold set on wheels or casters. They are
designed to be easily moved and are commonly used for things like painting and
plastering, where workers must frequently change position.
13. Mudsill – also called ‘sill plate’ is the first layer of wood to be installed on top of the
foundation wall.
14. Scaffolding – also called scaffold or staying, is a temporary structure used to support
a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of
buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.
 15. Screw jack- a gearbox assembly ( either worn or bevel gear) and a transmission
product (lead) screw, ball screw or roller screw which through use of a motor is used
to convert rotary into linear motion.
16. Substandard work – something substandard is below standard – it’s shoddy or
inferior. If you’re final paper for honor English class is cribbed, that’s substandard
work that you’ll probably have to do over.
17. Supported scaffolds – are platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets,
poles, upright, posts, frames or similar rigid support.
18. Suspended scaffolds- contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other
non-rigid means from an overhead structure.
19. Temporary structures – means the structure designed, constructed installed and
dismantled by the contractor and which are required for the execution of the works.
20. Unsafe workplace – occurs when an employee is unavoidable to perform his/her
required daily duties because the physical conditions of the workplace are too
dangerous.

MODULE 7 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

DEFINITION OF TERMS

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE - the science, and art devoted to anticipation recognition,

evaluation and control of environmental factors and the ring acting in or from the workplace,
which may even sickness impaired health and well-being or significant discomfort among
workers of 2

ENVIRONMENT HAZARDS - include any single or Combustion of for chemical biological

or physical among ceviche of the community. In the environment, recalling from human
activities or natural processes agented.

CHEMICAL HAZARD - a glance that bar the potential to cause harm to life or health. These
are widely need in the home and in many other places.

PHYSICAL HAZARD - an open, foliar or circumstance that can cause harm with contact
they can be classified as type of occupational hazard.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD a biological covalence that poster a threat to the health of living
organisms primal humane, ERGONOMIC HAZARD-care physical that’s how that may pose
a risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system Clue to poor ergonomics.

MIST-there fine particles of a liquid fluid in air (particle ate of 5 um to 100 um) B. FUMES
substances that over liquid at room temperature evaporate air smoke like or vaporous
exhalation from matter or substances, especially of an odorous harmful nature. 9. VAPOR-a
substance in the gas phase at a temperature lower than the critical temperature which mean
that the vapor can be condensed to a liquid by increasing the pressure on it without reducing
the temperature of the vapor

PARTICULATES-mail solid harmful substances created by the breaking up of larger

particles by process grinding, coaching drilling, expulsion.
TERATOGENIC - the chicly of lognormalities of physiological development in organize
during their life span It is a que de morphology caned by leva together abnormalities in in
medical genets which focuses on the classification of congenital

IRRITANTS-non-corrosive substances, which can cause inflammation through immediate

prolonged or repealed contact with the skin or mucous membrane.

CORROSIVES Strong acids and bases that can destroy human life and can corrode metal. 14.
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDC is any liquid having a flashpoint at or below 1944°F (93°C). 15.
OXIDIZERS-cumbrances that readily decompose under certain conditions to yield 02 or react
to promotion or initial combustion of flammable or combustible materials.

WATER REACTIVES – substances often react violently with water and may ignite or general
toxic Flammable or corrosive gases.

EXPLOSIVES - substances and preparations capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at

such a temperature, pressure and speed as to cause damage to people and surroundings.

NOISE - sound produced by pressure vibration describing a disorder or unwanted noise. 19.
ILLUMINATION- the deliberate use of light to achieve practical of frectletic effects it include
the web of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures. 20 RADIATION is energy
that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light this energy has an
electric field and a magnetic field associated with it, and has wave-like properties.

MODULE 8: FALL PROTECTION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

ALTERNATIVE METHOD – a method which can be used in research to replace traditional

animal the ding with non-invasive methods or substitution

ANCHOR- a heavy object attached to a rope or chain and used to moor a vessel to the sea
bottom typically one having a metal chink with a ring at one end for the rope and a pair of
cried and for barbed flukes at the other.

CLAMP-a brace, bond or clasp used for strengthening or holding things together.

ELEVATED WORKPLACE – me and a working lunation with an elevation cix (6) feet above
the floor or other working surface

ENGINEERING CONTROL – are strategies designed to protect workers from hazardous

conditioned by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard or by Remo-Vingo a
Sardou cub lance through oy ventilation

EXCAVATION – the act or process of digging, especially when something specific us being
removed from the ground
FALL HAZARD-s anything at your worksite that could cause you to love your balance or lose
bodily support and result to a full a.

FALL PROTECTION – means any equipment device or cycle that prevents an employee from
falling from an elevation or mil gates the effect of such a fall.

FRACTURE the cracking or breaking of a hard object or melena. Into

FULL BODY HARNESS is a comely harness that connects the worker to the full protection
autism anchored the structure they’re GUARDRAIL-a strong fence of the side of the road that
can help protect divers from senate injury. Working on

HORIZONTAL LIFELINE - consist of a cable attached to two or more cincher pouted on a

mot top, crime runway bridge or outdoor construct on site or any other elevated work area that
payed a fall no to

LADDER ANGIE - explains what angle a leaning ladder should be placed against a surface.

LANYARD - a type of strap or card with a hook for your J.D. card or keys 15. LIFELINE-
Thing On which someone or something depends or which provide a mean to escape from a
dish cult

MANHOLE- o call covered opening in a floor, pavement or other surface to allow a person to
enter, especially opening in a city street leading a sewer

SHOCK ABSORBER - thing that serves to reduce or mitigate the worst effects of an
unwelcome occurrence or experience

STATISTICS the sticky and manipulation of data, mulching ways to gather reviews, analyses
and draw conclusions from day.

TRAVEL RESTRAINT SYSTEM meant a combination of an anchorage, anchored connector

lanyard (or other means of connection), and buddy (support that an employer user to eliminate
the possibility of an employee going over the edge of a working curlicue

VERTICAL LIFELINE-enables mobility up and down the entire height of the line,
eliminating the need to dices meet and find a new-tie off point along the way.

MODULE 9: DEMOLITION SAFETY

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. DEMOLITION – is the dismantling rating destroying or wrecking of any building or

structure or any part thereof involved many of the hazards associated with
construction.
2. STRUCTURAL HAZARDS - occurs when two or more instruction are already in
pipeline need the same resource. The result is that instruction must be executed in
series than parallel for a portion of pipeline.
3. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES - any material which can cause harm to your health
either directly or indirectly. It classified on the basis of their potential health effects
whether acute or chronic. 4. BRACING -it plays a crucial role in the stability, and
safety of modern building. A bracing system is a structural cement to resist lateral
forces like wind, seismic and other load that can cause the building to sway or
collapse.
4. SHORING - the process of temporary supporting a building, vessel, structure or
French with shores when in danger of collapse or during reprice or alternations."
5. PUBLIC PROTECTION J - preventing harm to vulnerable groups within society.
6. SEQUENTIAL - gradual reduction of height in reverse order to its construction.
7. MECHANICAL - use of heavy equipment power shear etc.
8. INDUCED - key structural members are weakened or removed, causing the whole
part of the structure
9. FALLS - move downward, typically rapidly and freely without control, from a higher
to lower level to collapse.
10. NOICE - any sound that is undesired or interferes with ones hearing of something.
11. VIBRATION - an oscillation of the parts of fluid or an elastic wood blind whole
equilibrium has been disturbed or of an electromagnetic wave.
12. EXPLOSION - a rapid expansion of gas from a chemical reaction or an incendiary
device. It may be very loud sound or a series of noises and vibrations fire heat, smoke
falling glass or debris.
13. FRAGILE - weak or uncertain and unlikely to be able to resist strong pressure or
attack.
14. CRANE - a large, fall machine used for moving heavy objects by suspending them
from a projecting arm or beam.
15. DANGEROUS GOOD - any substance that is capable of posing an unreasonable risk
of health, safety, and property when transported in commence.
16. EXCAVATOR - ready construction equipment, consisting of a boom arm bucket and
a cab on a rotating super structure atop an under carriage with tracked or wheels. It is
used for digging, lifting and carrying.
17. ELECTRIC SPARK - an abrupt electrical discharge that occur when a sufficient high
electrical field creates an ionized, electrically, conductive channel through a normally
insulating medium open-air or other gases or gar mixtures.
18. INSULATION - provides resistance to heat flow and covers your heating and
avoiding costs, but also improves comfort.
19. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER - any portable device that contains liquid,
powder, or gasser for or extinguisher fire suppressing
20. EQUIPMENT FAILURE - the condition which a piece of equipment does not operate
as intended.
21. COLLIDING - an act or instance of collision. An encounter between two objects or
materials.
22. AIRBORNE HABARDS - any sort of contaminant or potentially toxic substance that
we are supposed to exposed through the air we breathe.
23. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL - cure, policy, or shift designs that lessen the threat
of hazard to an
 24. RESPIRATOR- an apparatus worm over the mouth and nose or the entire face to
prevents the inhalation of dust, smoke or other anxious substances.

MODULE 10: EXCAVATION SAFETY

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Excavation – is any man-made cut, cavity or depression in an earth surface that is

formed by earth removal.
2. Trench – is a narrow excavation where the depth is greater than its width, and the
width measured at the bottom is not greater than 15ft.
3. Hazard of excavation works –
4. Soil collapse – is a phenomenon triggered by wetting a loaded soil, the structure of
which contains large pores. This type of soil response has been studied since the
1970s and model that can predict its occurrence and magnitude were proposed from
the 1990s.
5. Falls – typically rapidly and freely without control, from a higher to a lower level.
6. Vehicular traffic – the aggregation of vehicles coming and going in a particular
locality.
7. Underground utilities – are any public service infrastructures installed beneath the
ground surface.
8. Working surface – is an aisle, ladder, platform, ramp walkway or any adjoining or
connecting level, grade, and/ or structure that permits employees to walk and work
between access/entry points and exit spaces. These surfaces are subject to various
regulation and general safety procedures.
9. Confined space – a fully or partially enclosed space that is not primarily designed or
intended for continuous human occupancy has limited or restricted entrance or exit, or
a configuration that can complicate first aid, rescue, evacuation, or other emergency
response activities.
10. Confined space conditions – is an area that is enclosed or partially enclosed on all
sides and has limited or restricted entry or exit.
11. Principle cause of soil collapse – when water is introduced, the soil fabrics skeletal
quickly weakens and fails. Collapse rate is also dependent on saturation rate of the
soil. Because the introduction of water cause this collapse.
12. Steep cutting angle – a steep slope rises at a very sharp angle and is difficult to go up.
13. Super imposed load – superimposed load means all load other than the dead load.
14. Shock & vibration – is an impulse applied to a system. It is a sudden acceleration. A
drop, kick, slam, or explosion are examples of shock.
15. Water pressure – is the force that pushes water through pipes or mains.
16. Drying – is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another
solvent by evaporation form a solid, semi solid or liquid.
17. Prevention of soil collapse – type A; most stable clay. Type B; medium stability: silt
and unstable rock (disturbed soil as type B). Type c; least stable: gravel sand,
submerged soil, soil from which water is freely seeping. Shoring or timbering in
excavation over 6.6 meter deep shall be designed by structural engineer and approved
by the proper authority.
18. Stable rock – solid mineral mater that can be excavated with vertical sides and
remaining intact while exposed.
MODULE 11: HAND TOOLS AND PORTABLE POWER TOOLS

DESCRIPTION

1. Misuse of tools or defective tools – failure to use tool according to the instructions
provided by the manufacturer. Selecting the wrong tool for the job, misusing the tools
themselves, or using poorly crafted.
2. Accidents –an event that happens by chance or that is without apparent or deliberate
cause
3. Human carelessness – failure to give sufficient attention to avoid harm or errors.
4. Defective – a fault or flaw. Having problem, flaw or imperfection that prevent
something or someone from working or being as good as expected.
5. Misused – wrong way or for the wrong purpose.
6. Badly stored – in an unsatisfactory way of storing.
7. Unsuitable – someone or something that is unsuitable for a particular purpose or
situation does not have the right qualities for it.
8. Right tool – most suitable for the job you are trying to do.
9. Hand tool – a tool held in the hand and operated without electricity or other power.
10. Safety tips – implementing the following daily safety tips for the workplace below is a
surefire to stay safe at work.
11. Falling tool – equipment that fall from an elevated work platform.
12. Portable power tools – being portable means hand-held. Portable power tools have
obvious advantages in mobility
13. Burn – an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame.
14. Cuts – make an opening, incision, or wound in something with a sharp-edge tool or
object.
15. Strain – is a measure of deformation of a body, the proportional increase in length
when a wire is stretched. The average linear strain is obtained by dividing the
elongation of the length.
16. Electric tools – are tools that powered with electricity.
17. Pneumatic tools – are tools powered by compressed air. Common types of these air-
powered hand tools that are used in industry include buffers, nailing and stapling
guns, grinders, drills, jack hammers, chipping hammers, riveting gun, sanders and
wrenches.
18. Cartridge tools – used for fastening fixtures and materials to metal, pre-cast, pre-
stressed concrete, masonry, block brick, stone and wood surfaces.
19. Gasoline tools – any tools that requires gasoline to operate.