Nery, Abijah G.

Modern Application of Microbial/Bacterial Genetics:

1) Thermal Cycler
- used to perform a diagnostic technique called the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR), which relies on DNA polymerase enzymes from thermophilic bacteria.
- PCR amplifies the number of copies of DNA and can assist in diagnosis of
infections caused by microbes that are difficult to culture, such as Chlamydia
trachomatis.

Reference: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microbiology/chapter/introduction-to-
modern-applications-of-microbial-genetics/

2) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Cas system

- has been discovered as an adaptive-immune system in prokaryotes. Microbes
like bacteria and archaea use CRISPR-Cas9 as a part of their defense
mechanism to ward off the virus and cleave their DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 genome
editing tool is also a bacterial defense strategy against viruses. It is an adaptive
and inheritable immune system of bacteria.

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877117321000016