Answer (Pg. 74)
79)
1.Assessing the credibility of dissenting claims on
climate change involves evaluating the quality of
evidence, rigorous peer review, alignment with
established knowledge, investigation of potential
conflicts of interest, reproducibility and
transparency of findings, and considering the
magnitude of disagreement among scientists, as it
can challenge fundamental principles and impact
the validity of the research.
Answer (Pg. 75)
2.Research shows that greenhouse gases like CO2,
methane, and N2O are significantly contributing to
global warming, resulting from the industrial
revolution's increase in CO2 concentrations and the
greenhouse effect, leading to an imbalance in
Earth's energy budget.
3.Yes, Some policymakers, including the US, may
adopt a cautious approach to climate change,
awaiting conclusive evidence before implementing
significant changes. This is justified by uncertainties
in climate models, potential economic impacts, and
political and ideological factors.
4.The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty, aims
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote
renewable energy adoption. Proponents argue that
government intervention is necessary to address
market failures and provide clear signals for
businesses to invest in low-carbon technologies.
Answer (Pg.
1."An Inconvenient Truth" (2006) and "An
Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power" (2017) are
documentary films that highlight the efforts of
former US Vice President Al Gore to raise
awareness about climate change. They play a
crucial role in public discourse and mobilizing
action at individual, community, and policy levels to
tackle this pressing global issue.
2.(The comments are turn off). It was a strong and
passionate call for quick action to solve the climate
catastrophe. She skillfully communicated in her
speech the moral obligation and critical need of
taking immediate action to lessen the effects of
climate change.
Answer (Pg. 163)
1. "The Imitation Game" is a film about Alan Turing,
a brilliant mathematician, logician, and computer
scientist who broke the German Enigma code
during World War II. Despite facing challenges like
complexity, time pressure, and skepticism, Turing's
genius and determination led to breakthroughs.
The film also features flashbacks to Turing's
childhood and adolescence, highlighting his
struggles with social isolation, bullying, and
homosexuality.
2. John von Neumann, along with Turing,
significantly contributed to information technology
by designing the von Neumann architecture, which
laid the foundation for modern computers. He
translated theoretical concepts into practical
computing systems, shaping the field for decades.
Answer (Pg 128)
Corn Engineered with Jellyfish Genes (Stanford
University): Stanford University's study aimed to
introduce jellyfish genes like GFP into corn plants
for easier gene expression and development
tracking, while also exploring novel traits like pest
resistance.
Tobacco with Lettuce Genes (University of Hawaii):
Researchers are exploring the use of lettuce genes
in tobacco plants to improve their nutritional
content and potentially produce pharmaceutical
compounds or industrial materials.
Corn with Hepatitis Virus Genes: Researchers have
integrated hepatitis virus genes into corn plants,
potentially developing edible vaccines and
immunotherapeutic products, while studying plant-
virus interactions and viral pathogenesis.
Rice, Corn, and Sugarcane Engineered with Human
Genes: The study suggests that introducing human
genes into rice, corn, and sugarcane could
potentially produce pharmaceutical proteins or
therapeutic compounds for medical purposes.
The modification of these organisms may be aimed
at exploring genetic engineering applications in
agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology to
improve crop traits, develop novel bioproducts, and
advance biological understanding.
Answer (Pg. 92)
Cats and dogs, both members of the Carnivora
order, diverged from a common ancestor over 55
million years ago. Despite their distinct
morphological and behavioral characteristics, they
share common ancestry and belong to the broader
mammalian order Carnivora, despite their
evolutionary history and ecological niches.
Answer (Pg. 106)
1. Public awareness campaigns on plastic
pollution's impact on marine ecosystems,
including workshops and seminars, are
crucial. Sustainable practices like reducing
single-use plastic consumption, promoting
reusable alternatives, and implementing
recycling programs are also encouraged.
2. One best practice within the Mamirauá
Sustainable Development Reserve is the
implementation of community-based
conservation initiatives. These initiatives
involve local communities in the
management and stewardship of natural
resources, fostering a sense of ownership
and responsibility for the protection of
biodiversity.
Answer (Pg. 141)
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment
method that aids in conceiving a child by fertilizing
an egg with sperm outside the body. Embryos,
multicellular structures, are formed during early
development stages and cultured in the lab before
transfer. Stem cells, undifferentiated cells with self-
renewal and differentiation capabilities, are
essential for development, tissue repair, and
homeostasis.
Ireland's ruling on frozen embryos' life rights is a
complex legal, ethical, and moral issue. Excess
embryos in research raise ethical concerns, with
some arguing it advances medical science and
cures, while others question their moral status.
Excess embryos can be donated for IVF treatment
or embryo adoption.
Answer (Pg. 231)
Becoming a citizen scientist in your own community
is a rewarding way to contribute to scientific
research, raise awareness about environmental
issues, and promote community engagement.
Answer (Pg. 148)
Both ISAAA (International Service for the
Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications) and
MASIPAG (Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-
unlad ng Agrikultura or Farmers and Scientists for
the Development of Agriculture) are organizations
involved in agriculture, but they have different
focuses and perspectives, so comparing their
credibility can be complex and context-dependent.
The issue of BT corn intersects with various
provisions of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety,
including risk assessment and management,
transboundary movement and trade, socio-
economic considerations, and public participation.
Adhering to the principles and guidelines outlined
in the Protocol can help ensure the safe and
responsible use of Bt corn technology while
addressing concerns related to environmental
protection, human health, and socio-economic
impacts.
Answer (Pg. 188)
Good Effect:
 Connectivity with others
 Information sharing
 Community building
 Business information
 Educational tool
 Expression and Creativiy
Bad Effects:
 Addiction
 Cyberbullying
 Privacy concerns
 Fake news and Misinformation
 Comparison to the life of others
 Distractedness
Answer (Pg. 190)
1."Pinoy Big Brother" is a popular reality TV show in
the Philippines that involves gathering strangers
and confining them in a house, recording their
every move and broadcasting it to the public. This
concept is influenced by voting mechanisms, social
media campaigns, online discussions, and fan clubs.
2.To avoid fake news, check the source, verify the
author's credentials, evaluate the content, and be
skeptical of articles lacking specific details or
without proper context. Avoid unfamiliar websites
or sources with a history of false information.
3.One notable example of a successful social media
campaign for a good cause is the "Ice Bucket
Challenge" that went viral in 2014 to raise
awareness and funds for amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Answer (Pg. 219)
1.Institutions should address science discrimination
by implementing inclusive hiring practices,
supporting underrepresented groups, and fostering
a culture of respect and belonging.
2.Historical patriarchy in societies perpetuates male
superiority and female inferiority, with cultural
norms dictating roles and behaviors, with men
often leading and women prioritizing caregiving
and domestic responsibilities.
3.S&T innovations have improved education access
for women, minorities, and the poor by overcoming
barriers through online platforms, educational
apps, and distance learning technologies.

Answer (Pg. 111)

1.Our town does not have direct access to an
estuary.
Answer (Pg. 242)
1.
a. Stewardship involves responsible resource
management in a sustainable and ethical manner,
while EPR assigns responsibility for post-consumer
products to producers, requiring them to manage
the entire lifecycle of their products.
b. The Rocky Mountain Institute suggests that
businesses can enhance environmental
sustainability and profitability by adopting eco-
innovation and green design, leading to cost
savings, operational efficiency improvements, and
enhanced brand reputation.
c. Biomimicry, a method utilizing nature's
principles, addresses human problems in fields like
engineering, design, architecture, and materials
science, but may be impractical or limited due to
complex biological systems.
d. The author suggests that Philippine
manufacturers could use biomimetic techniques to
create sustainable materials, incorporating
renewable resources, mimicking natural properties,
and focusing on biodegradability or recyclability,
though real-time research is not feasible.
e. Zero waste, eco-innovation, green design,
stewardship, EPR, and biomimicry are crucial steps
for sustainability and environmental challenges.
Their success depends on various factors, but they
can significantly improve environmental outcomes.
Answer (Pg. 225)
Harari argues that biological differences between
genders are influenced by physical and
physiological differences, but cultural and societal
norms dictate "natural" behavior for each gender.
He calls for challenging these structures to address
gender inequality.
Answer (Pg. 80)
Personal Project
To reduce energy consumption, one can turn off
lights and appliances when not in use, use energy-
efficient appliances, and optimize heating and
cooling systems. Minimizing waste involves
recycling, composting organic materials, avoiding
single-use plastics and packaging, opting for
reusable items, and buying products with minimal
packaging. Supporting renewable energy sources
like solar and wind power can be achieved through
investing in projects or advocating for policy
changes. Education about reducing carbon
emissions and climate change is essential, as raising
awareness and advocating for sustainable practices
contributes to broader environmental efforts.
Group Project
1. Invest in early warning systems, build resilient
infrastructure, implement nature-based solutions,
and promote community preparedness and
resilience. Enhance meteorological infrastructure,
satellite monitoring, and community-based warning
systems to provide timely alerts about impending
weather events. Implement nature-based solutions
like restoring coastal ecosystems and green
infrastructure projects to manage stormwater
runoff. Empower communities to prepare for and
respond to disasters through training and social
cohesion.
Harari's quote challenges traditional behavior
norms by defining naturalness in biological terms.
He suggests that behavior possible within biological
constraints is considered natural, prompting
reflection on how scientific knowledge influences
societal attitudes.
Answer (Pg. 81)
2. a. Preparedness involves risk assessments,
emergency response plans, public education, and
mitigation measures. Response involves evacuation,
rescue, and relief efforts. Recovery involves damage
assessments, rehabilitation programs, and financial
assistance. Communication channels are
established for information dissemination.
b. Yes there are.
c. Yes, we can evacuate in our barangay.
d. Yes
9. a. An ideal evacuation center should be designed
to provide a safe, secure, and comfortable
environment for evacuees during and after a
disaster or emergency event.
b. Barangay Balingasa Center. The strength is we
have wide location and the weakness is it’s a bit
crowded.
13. Engaging in governance processes and
collaborating with local authorities can enhance
city or town development, promote transparency,
and foster a more inclusive, vibrant community.
Answer (Pg. 218)
1. Yes, early education on scientific ethics fosters
ethical awareness, critical thinking, and
professional development. Integrating these topics
into science courses prepares students for careers
in science and technology. Ethical decision-making
skills are developed through exploration of ethical
issues and case studies.
2. Codes of ethics, like those proposed by Sir David
King, the Young Scientists in the World Economic
Forum, and SETAC, emphasize integrity, honesty,
and objectivity in scientific research. They require
truthful reporting, disclosure of conflicts of interest,
and rigorous analysis based on evidence.
Answer (Pg. 243)
2. a. Farmers' markets and CSA memberships can
attract consumers with high-quality produce,
seasonal availability, and nutritional benefits.
Community engagement and events foster a sense
of belonging, while affordability and accessibility,
flexible pricing, and Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program benefits promote inclusivity
and equity.
b. The statement "small local businesses are
wasteful and inefficient, so it's good that they get
replaced by large corporations" is incorrect, as
small businesses may face challenges like limited
resources.
3. The Philippines is implementing community-
based solid waste management programs to reduce
waste generation, promote recycling, and minimize
environmental pollution, including waste
segregation, composting, and recycling, and
integrating farming systems.
4. Technology and science have significantly
influenced peace and war in the 20th and 21st
centuries. Communication technologies have
facilitated global connectivity but also led to
propaganda, surveillance, and cyber warfare.
Nuclear technology has led to international
agreements but poses catastrophic warfare
concerns.
Answer (Pg. 187)
The demand for robotic maintenance technicians,
genetic counselors, cybersecurity specialists, and
sustainability managers is increasing due to the
increasing use of robots in various industries, the
complexity of cyber threats, and the growing
concerns about climate change and environmental
degradation. These professionals will be needed to
maintain, repair, and optimize robotic systems.
Answer (Pg. 169) Answer (Pg. 208)
1. The debate on open software versus proprietary Reflect
licenses is influenced by philosophical, economic,
1. Molecular manufacturing enhances resource
and practical factors, with open-source software
efficiency, reduces waste, and minimizes
promoting collaboration, innovation, and
environmental impact, but requires careful
transparency.
stewardship and transition to renewable energy
2 Aaron Swartz argued for open access to academic sources to minimize pollution and resource
research, citing the current system's inaccessibility depletion.
and high costs as hindering progress, innovation,
2. Work provides intrinsic motivation, recognition,
and education.
financial security, and opportunities for personal
3. The creator can demand the infringer cease growth, enabling individuals to pursue meaningful
using their work, claim authorship, and seek activities, pursue passions, and achieve personal
compensation for damages, and can also issue a and professional goals, while also ensuring a
public statement asserting their work's authorship. comfortable standard of living.
4. Fair use is a legal doctrine allowing limited use of Activities
copyrighted material without permission,
1. Nanosilica-based fertilizer that increases
determined by case-by-case factors such as
germination and growth rate of tomatoes; fruitect
purpose, nature, portion used, and impact on
coating technology which boosts shelf life of high
potential market value.
valued fruits such as mango and papaya; and
nanoencapsulated plant growth regulators which
enhances germination and root development of
Answer (Pg. 183)
coffee, banana, and cassava
1. Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics can address
2. If I were involved in nano science research, one
ethical considerations in programming robots,
invention I might explore is the development of a
ensuring safe and responsible behavior. However,
novel nanomaterial for water purification purposes.
implementing these laws in practice may pose
Specifically, I would focus on engineering
technical and ethical challenges, necessitating
nanoparticles capable of efficiently removing
ongoing research and development to refine and
contaminants from water sources, such as heavy
improve ethical principles in artificial intelligence
metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens.
and robotics.
Engineered nanomaterials in water purification can
2. The debate on robot rights is complex, involving
improve water quality and efficiency due to their
ethical, legal, and philosophical issues. Some argue
high surface area-to-volume ratio. This scalable,
advanced robots can achieve sentience, while
cost-effective technology is suitable for widespread
others believe dignity could prevent exploitation
implementation in developed and developing
and integrate them into society. Opponents argue
regions, but risks include environmental impact,
robots lack consciousness and moral worth,
health and safety risks, and regulatory compliance.
blurring the distinction between humans and
machines.