0602/160.

102
ALB
Internal CP5

Massey University
ALBANY CAMPUS

EXAMINATION FOR
160.102 LINEAR MATHEMATICS

Semester TWO – November 2006

Time allowed: THREE (3) Hours

Answer any FIVE (5) questions

All questions are worth TWENTY (20) marks
Do not attempt more than FIVE (5) questions
Total: 100 marks

Memory of programmable calculators must be cleared

Show all your work neatly, demonstrate the appropriate methods, and get
the correct answers in order to get full marks.

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Question 1. (10+10 = 20 marks)

Consider the electrical circuit diagrammed below:

C D

6Ω I1 I3

3Ω
+ I2 5Ω
-
4 Volts
A B - +
19 Volts

(a) Set up Kirchhoff’s laws and find I 1 , I 2 , I 3 .

(10 marks)

(b) If we change the voltage supplied by the two batteries, but leave the
resistors alone, is it possible to create a circuit in which the currents are
I 1 = 0.5, I 2 = 1, I 3 = 0.5 ?
(10 marks)

Question 2. (20 marks)

Suppose there is an epidemic in which every month half of those who are well
become sick, and a quarter of those who are sick die. Assume that a person
who is well can either remain well or become sick but not die, and a person
who is sick can either remain sick or die but not become well. Find the long
term proportion of people who are well, sick, and dead.

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Question 3. (5+5+10 = 20 marks)

r r r
In the plane figure below, u = OC , x = OA and w = AC . w is perpendicular
r
to v = OB , u • v = 14 , and || v ||= 7 .

O A B

(a) Find a real number t for which x = tv .

(5 marks)

(b) Find real numbers c1 , c 2 for which w = c1u + c2 v .

(5 marks)

(c) If the area of the parallelogram spanned by u and v is 7, what is || u || ?

(10 marks)

Question 4. (4+4+4+4+4 = 20 marks)

Let
⎡1 2 0 3⎤ ⎡ b1 ⎤
A = ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ and b = ⎢⎢b2 ⎥⎥ .
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣2 4 0 1⎥⎦ ⎢⎣b3 ⎥⎦

(a) Under what conditions on b does Ax = b have a solution?

(4 marks)

(b) Find a basis for the null space of A.

(4 marks)

(c) Find the solution to Ax = b when a solution exists.

(4 marks)

(d) Find a basis for the column space of A.

(4 marks)

(e) What is the rank of AT ?

(4 marks)

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Question 5 (10+10 = 20 marks)

Let L denote the linear transformation on the three dimensional space (R 3→

R 3) defined by

⎛ ⎡ x ⎤ ⎞ ⎡− 5 − 12 3⎤ ⎡ x ⎤
⎜ ⎟
L ⎜ ⎢⎢ y ⎥⎥ ⎟ = ⎢⎢ 3 − 10 3⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ y ⎥⎥ .
⎜ ⎢ z ⎥ ⎟ ⎢ 6 − 24 8⎥ ⎢ z ⎥
⎝⎣ ⎦⎠ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦

(a) Show that the collection of all vectors v which satisfy L (v)=2v is a
subspace of R 3, and find the basis {α1,α2} for this subspace.
(10 marks)

(b) Let α3 = (1,1,2). Verify that {α1,α2,α3} is a basis for R 3.

(10 marks)

Question 6. (4+4+4+8 = 20 marks)

⎡1 ⎤
A 2x2 matrix A has eigenvalues 0 and 1 with corresponding eigenvectors ⎢ ⎥
⎣2⎦
⎡2⎤
and ⎢ ⎥ .
⎣−1⎦

(a) Is A a symmetric matrix? Justify your answer.

(4 marks)

(b) What is the trace and determinant of A?

(4 marks)

(c) What is A?
(4 marks)

(d) What are the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A 2 ?

(8 marks)

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Question 7. (20 marks)

Let v 1 = (1,1,0) , v 2 = (1,0,1) , v 3 = (0,1,1) be a basis for R 3, and let L denote

the linear transformation on the three dimensional space (R 3→ R 3) such that

L(v1) = v3, L(v2) = v1, L(v3) = v2.

Find a matrix that represents L with respect to the standard basis

(1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1) .

Question 8. (5+15 = 20 marks)

A counterclockwise rotation by an angle θ in the plane is represented by the

matrix
⎡cos θ − sin θ ⎤
A=⎢ ⎥.
⎣ sin θ cos θ ⎦

(a) If A represents a counterclockwise rotation through an angle θ and B

represents a counterclockwise rotation through an angle φ what is represented
by the transformations AB and BA?
(5 marks)

(b) Use the argument presented in (a) to derive the trigonometric identities for
sin(θ + φ ) and cos(θ + φ ) ?
(15 marks)

Question 9. (5+5+10 = 20 marks)

Given the following matrix:

⎡ − 5 1 5⎤
A = ⎢⎢− 7 4 4⎥⎥ ,
⎢⎣ − 1 1 1 ⎥⎦

(a) Find its eigenvalues.

(5 marks)

(b) Find its eigenvectors.

(5 marks)

(c) Obtain a non-singular matrix P such that P −1 AP is diagonal.

(10 marks)

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Question 10. (10+10 = 20 marks)

(a) Prove that the points (5,2,-3), (6,1,4), (-2,-3,6), and (-3,-2,-1) are the
vertices of a parallelogram.
(10 marks)

(b) Find the area of the triangle with vertices (1,0,0), (0,1,0) and (0,0,1).
(10 marks)

+++++++

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