1001 160.

102 G
MAN PR
Internal/Extramural CP

MASSEY UNIVERSITY
MANAWATU CAMPUS

EXAMINATION FOR
160.102 LINEAR MATHEMATICS

Semester One — June 2010

Time allowed: THREE (3) hours.

Total marks: 120.

Attempt ALL questions.

There are 6 questions altogether.

Permitted References
One A4 sheet (2 sides) of hand-written notes.

Calculators are permitted - no restrictions on type of calculator.

Two sheets of graph paper will be distributed to each candidate.

Page 1 of 8
1001 160.102

1. (a) Solve the system of linear equations

2x + 3y − 3z = −4
3x − 2y + 5z = −5
3x + 8y − 14z = −3

[6 marks]

(b) Consider the plane in R3 containing the points O(0, 0, 0), P (1, 2, 3) and Q(3, 2, 1).

i. Find the normal equation of the plane.

[4 marks]

ii. Show that R(1, 1, −1) is not on the plane.

[2 marks]

iii. Find the equation of the line orthogonal to the plane and through R.
[4 marks]

iv. Calculate the distance of the plane to R.

[4 marks]

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1001 160.102

2. (a) Show that the vectors

     
1 2 8
v1 =  −1  , v2 =  1  , v3 =  1  ,
2 −1 1

are linearly dependent.

[4 marks]

(b) Find a basis for the subspace V generated by S = {v1 , v2 , v3 }.

[2 marks]

(c) Find an orthonormal basis for the subspace V generated by S = {v1 , v2 , v3 }.

[5 marks]

(d) What is the dimension of the subspace V .

[1 marks]

(e) Express 
1
u= 2 
3
as the sum u = v + w, where v ∈ V and w is orthogonal to V .

[5 marks]

(f) Using the results above, explain why the system of linear equations

x + 2y + 8z = 1
−x + y + z = 2
2x − y + z = 3

is inconsistent.

[3 marks]

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1001 160.102

3. (a) Show that the matrix  

1 0 0
M = 0 cos θ sin θ 
0 − sin θ cos θ
represents a clockwise rotation through angle θ in R3 about the OX axis.

[5 marks]

(b) Find the matrix N which represents a clockwise rotation through angle φ about the
OY axis.

[5 marks]

(c) Are matrices M and N orthogonal?

[2 marks]

(d) Calculate the matrix products M N and N M . Explain why the products represent
different linear transformations.

[4 marks]

(e) Prove that the product of two n × n orthogonal matrices must also be an orthogonal
matrix.

[4 marks]

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1001 160.102

4. Consider the matrix  

5 −3
A= .
2 −2

(a) Calculate the determinant and inverse of A.

[5 marks]

(b) Calculate the matrix vector product Av1 where

 
1
v1 = ,
2

and explain why this shows v1 is an eigenvector of A.

[5 marks]

(c) Find the other eigenvector v2 of A.

[4 marks]

(d) Let
V = [v1 , v2 ]

be the 2 × 2 matrix whose columns are v1 and v2 . Calculate

V −1 AV.

[6 marks]

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1001 160.102

5. Consider the LP given below:

Maximise z = 3x + 2y
Subject to

4x + 5y ≤ 200 (1)
x−y ≤ 30 (2)
−x + 3y ≤ 90 (3)
x, y ≥ 0 (4)

(a) Solve the LP graphically.

[7 marks]

(b) Calculate the optimal point and optimal value of z.

[3 marks]

(c) Find the slack/surplus for constraints (2) and (3).

[2 marks]

(d) Compute the range of optimality for the coefficient of y

[2 marks]

(e) What are the shadow prices of constraints (1) and (2)?

[4 marks]

(f) By how much could the right-hand-side of constraint (2) increase or decrease before
changing the nature of the optimal solution?

[2 marks]

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1001 160.102

6.
Budget DogFood Corporation has hired you to help formulate a new recipe for its
ActivePuppy brand. There are three ingredients available; these are known to you only
as mystery meats A, B and C. The nutritional content and costs per gram of these meats
are given in the table below. An ActivePuppy 1kg dogroll must contain a minimum of
200gms fat, a minimum of 350gms protein, and a maximum of 300gms of gristle.

Mystery Meat Cost per kg % Fat % Protein % Gristle

A $10 50 20 30
B $20 10 50 40
C $15 40 40 20

(a) Formulate the above as a linear program that will minimise Budget DogFood’s costs.

[7 marks]

(b) Use the Excel sensitivity report on the following page to answer the questions

i. What is the optimal ingredient mix?

[1 marks]

ii. How much will it cost per dogroll?

[2 marks]

iii. None of mystery meat B is being used at present, how much would the cost of
the meat have to change before it entered the solution?
[2 marks]

iv. Which constraints are binding?

[2 marks]

v. How much could the price of meat A change before the optimal solution
changed?
[2 marks]

vi. If the minimum requirement for protein increases how will this affect the total
cost? How much could it increase before the optimal solution changes?
[4 marks]

Question 6 continued over . . .

Page 7 of 8
1001 160.102

Question 6 cont . . .

Adjustable Cells
Final Reduced Objective Allowable Allowable
Name Value Cost Coefficient Increase Decrease
A 0.25 0 10 5 5
B 0 2.5 20 1E+30 2.5
C 0.75 0 15 1.666666667 5

Constraints
Final Shadow Constraint Allowable Allowable
Name Value Price R.H. Side Increase Decrease
fat LHS 0.425 0 0.2 0.225 1E+30
protein LHS 0.35 25 0.35 0.05 0.15
gristle LHS 0.225 0 0.3 1E+30 0.075
LHS2 1 5 1 0.1875 0.125

++++++++

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