ENGG2500 Energy Storage –

Pumped Storage –

- Huge amount of potential energy

- Turn around efficiencies >80%
- Most cost effective form of bulk energy storage
- Uses water that could be used elsewhere, which can also affect eco systems downriver
- And takes up a relatively large amount of land

Batteries –

- Anode – negative terminal highly conductive aluminium or coper

- Cathode - positive terminal, typically copper or aluminium coated with lithium-ion
chemistry
- Battery Management System
o Controller that manages charging/discharging, temperature
- C-rate
o Rate a battery can discharge power
- Capacity
o Measured in ampere-hours – amount of energy in the battery
- State of Charge (SoC) – amount of energy left
- Cycle – process of discharging then charging
- Depth of Discharge (DoD) – how much of battery capacity is used
- Energy Density – how much energy relative to mass and volume
- Energy Storage System – complete battery pack system. I.e., cells, electronics, mechanical
housing etc
- Parallel or series

- Things have changed

o Costs are down

o Performance is up
o Lead acid no longer popular in off-grid or transport
o Batteries have been tested in laboratories with energy densities that rival diesel
o Commercially available topologies, have 0 – 80% charge times of 6 minutes

Flywheels –

- In the electrical grid rotating masses were the first used and still the most common today
- Kinetic rotational energy storage

Compressed air storage –

Use a compressor to inject air into reservoir to sink energy

Use compressed air to drive a turbine to source energy