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1.1 States of Matter

Question Paper
Course Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry

Section 1. Principles of Chemistry
Topic 1.1 States of Matter
Difficulty Hard
Time Allowed 50
Score /38
Percentage /100
Page 1 of 15
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Question 1a
Lead nitrate and potassium iodide react to form the insoluble solid lead iodide.
Crystals of lead nitrate and potassium iodide are placed at opposite ends of a container of water.
Solid lead iodide forms after several minutes.
The diagram shows the container at the start and after several minutes.
Name the two processes that occur before the solid lead iodide forms.
[2 marks]
Question 1b
Explain why solid lead iodide takes less time to form when the reaction is repeated using water at a higher temperature.
[3 marks]
Page 2 of 15
Question 1c
The formula for lead nitrate is Pb(NO3)2
i) Give the number of different elements in lead nitrate.

(1)
ii) Give the charge on the lead ion in Pb(NO3)2
(1)
[2 marks]
Question 1d
Complete the chemical equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and potassium iodide.
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + .......... KI (aq) → PbI2 (s) + .......... KNO3 (aq)
[1 mark]
Page 3 of 15
Question 2a
The table gives the melting and boiling points of four pure substances, W, X, Y and Z.
Melting point in °C Boiling point in °C

W -7 60
X 660 2500
Y 180 1330
Z 115 445
Use data from the table to answer the questions.
i) Which substance is a gas at 100 °C?

(1)
☐ A W
☐ B X
☐ C Y
☐ D Z
ii) Which substance is a liquid for the largest range of temperature?

(1)
☐ A W
☐ B X
☐ C Y
☐ D Z
iii) Which substance is a liquid at 1000 °C and a gas at 2000 °C?
(1)
☐ A W
☐ B X
☐ C Y
☐ D Z
Page 4 of 15
[3 marks]
Question 2b
Substance Y does not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct electricity when molten.
Give the type of bonding in substance Y.

[1 mark]
Question 2c
Suggest how the melting point of a pure substance changes when an impurity is added.
[1 mark]
Page 5 of 15
Question 3a
Separate: Chemistry Only
This is a method used to measure the solubility of a solid in water:

add an excess of solid to some water in a boiling tube and stir
measure the temperature of the saturated solution formed
weigh an empty evaporating basin
pour some of the saturated solution into the evaporating basin
weigh the basin and contents
heat the evaporating basin to remove all of the water
weigh the evaporating basin and remaining solid
The table shows the results of an experiment using this method.
mass of evaporating basin / g 89.6

mass of evaporating basin + saturated solution / g 115.8
mass of evaporating basin + solid / g 94.9
Calculate the mass of solid obtained and the mass of water removed.
mass of solid = .............................................................. g

mass of water = .............................................................. g
[2 marks]
Page 6 of 15
Question 3b
In another experiment, at a different temperature, the mass of solid obtained is 10.5 g and the mass of water removed is
16.8 g. Calculate the solubility of the solid, in g per 100 g of water, at this temperature.
solubility = .............................................................. g per 100 g of water

[2 marks]
Question 3c
If the evaporating basin is heated too strongly, some of the solid decomposes to form a gas. Explain how this strong
heating would affect the value of the calculated solubility of the solid.
[3 marks]
Page 7 of 15
Question 4a
A student investigates the solubility of potassium nitrate in water. She measures the masses of potassium nitrate that
dissolve in 25 cm3 of water at different temperatures.
The table shows the student’s results.
One of the results is anomalous.
Temperature in °C 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Mass of potassium nitrate in g 8.0 10.0 12.5 16.0 17.5 26.5 34.0
i) Plot the results on the grid.
(1)
ii) Draw a circle around the anomalous result.
(1)
iii) Ignoring the anomalous result, draw a curve of best fit.
(1)
Page 8 of 15
[3 marks]
Page 9 of 15
Question 4b
Suggest two possible mistakes that could have caused the anomalous result.
1. ..............................................................
2. ..............................................................
[2 marks]
Question 4c
Use your graph to find the maximum mass of potassium nitrate that dissolves in 25 cm3 of water at 75 °C.
Show on your graph how you obtained your answer.
mass = ............................................... g
[2 marks]
Page 10 of 15
Question 4d
Use your graph to calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate in g per 100 g of water at 25 °C.
[1.0 cm3 of water has a mass of 1.0 g]
solubility = ............................................... g per 100g of water
[2 marks]
Page 11 of 15
Question 5a
This question is about solubility.

The graph shows the solubilities of copper(II) chloride and sodium chloride at different temperatures.
i) Determine the temperature at which copper(II) chloride and sodium chloride have the same solubility.
Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.
(2)
temperature = .............................. °C
Page 12 of 15
ii) A saturated solution of copper(II) chloride in 100 g of water is cooled from 40 °C to 10 °C.
Determine the mass, in grams, of copper(II) chloride that crystallises.
(2)
mass of copper(II) chloride = .............................. g

[4 marks]
Page 13 of 15
Question 5b
A student uses this method to determine the solubility of potassium chloride in water at room temperature.
record the mass of an empty evaporating basin
pour some saturated potassium chloride solution into the evaporating basin
record the mass of the evaporating basin and saturated potassium chloride solution
heat the evaporating basin to remove all the water
record the mass of the evaporating basin and the dry potassium chloride
The table shows the student’s results.
Mass in grams
evaporating basin 58.1
evaporating basin and saturated potassium chloride solution 78.2
evaporating basin and dry potassium chloride 63.2
i) Calculate the mass of dry potassium chloride obtained.
(1)
mass = .............................. g
ii) Calculate the mass of water removed.
(1)
mass = .............................. g
iii) Calculate the solubility of potassium chloride in grams per 100 grams of water.
(2)
Page 14 of 15
solubility = .............................. g per 100 g of water
iv) Suggest why the student’s method is not suitable for determining the solubility of hydrated copper(II) sulfate.
(1)
[5 marks]
Page 15 of 15

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1.1 States of Matter

Course Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry

i) Give the number of different elements in lead nitrate.

Melting point in °C Boiling point in °C

i) Which substance is a gas at 100 °C?

ii) Which substance is a liquid for the largest range of temperature?

Give the type of bonding in substance Y.

This is a method used to measure the solubility of a solid in water:

mass of evaporating basin / g 89.6

mass of solid = .............................................................. g

solubility = .............................................................. g per 100 g of water

Show on your graph how you obtained your answer.

This question is about solubility.

Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.

Determine the mass, in grams, of copper(II) chloride that crystallises.

mass of copper(II) chloride = .............................. g

The table shows the student’s results.

i) Calculate the mass of dry potassium chloride obtained.

ii) Calculate the mass of water removed.

solubility = .............................. g per 100 g of water

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