GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

REPORT

Name of Site Investigation:

Geotechnical/ sub-soil investigation work for Construction of R.C.C. Sump 30,000 Lit. at
Dungari faliya, Village Bagwada, Dist. Valsad.

Name of Client:
M/s GWSSB, Valsad

Name of Agency :
M/s Niyati Construction Co.

Job Number:
PTHCS/SRT/2229

Date of Investigation:
25-08-2022

Report Prepared By:

PTH Consultancy Services llp
Plot No 12, Shiv Shakti Campus,
Opp. Pujan Plaza, Near HP Petrol Pump,
Puna Canal BRTS Road, Surat-395010
Phone no. : +91-9909931937, +91-9586860853
Email Id : Pthlab.surat@gmail.com
 CONTENTS

Page
Sr. No. Title
No.
01 INTRODUCTION 03

02 FIELD WORK 04

03 LABORATORY TESTING 06

04 SOIL STRATIFICATION 07

05 BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL 08

06 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS 09

07 SUMMERY 10

08 SOIL TEST RESULT 11

09 IS CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL 12

10 ABBREVIATIONS 13

11 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 14

Page 2 of 14
Report on Geotechnical/ sub-soil investigation work for Construction of R.C.C.
Sump 30,000 Lit. at Dungari faliya, Village Bagwada, Dist. Valsad.

1. INTRODUCTION
Geotechnical/ sub-soil investigation work for Construction of R.C.C. Sump 30,000 Lit.
at Dungari faliya, Village Bagwada, Dist. Valsad.

Soil exploration provides the detailed sub soil conditions such as Stratification,
Hardness & Denseness of the strata, Water table level, Compressibility, Soil stability,
Stress analysis, Shearing resistance & Failure analysis.

PTH CONSULTANCY SERVICES LLP, Surat was entrusted by client, for carrying
out geotechnical investigation of proposed site for detailed sub soil exploration. Based
on the data supplied and discussions held, it was decided client to have a 1 borehole up
to 6 mt. depth below ground Level and to collect Undisturbed and Disturbed samples
and Standard Penetration Test (SPT).

Geotechnical investigation at proposed site was entrusted to PTH Consultancy Services

with following scope of work:

1. To drill 1 exploratory bore hole of 150mm diameter down to 6 mt. depth below
ground level at the different location given by Consultant/client.

2. To furnish technical report covering investigation data and recommendations for

safe allowable bearing pressure of foundation soil.

3. To test samples of soil in laboratory for physical and engineering properties.

4. To furnish technical report covering investigation data and recommendations for

safe allowable bearing pressure of foundation soil.

Page 3 of 14
2. FIELD WORK
2.1 Drilling of Borehole

One borehole having 150mm diameter were drilled using Auger drilling method up to
6 m. depth below existing ground level (EGL). Location of boreholes were decided with
due consideration of consultant / client of the project.

2.2 Undisturbed sample

Undisturbed soil samples are collected in 70mm dia. x 600 mm long thin walled
samplers as per IS 2132:1981. The sampler used for the sampling has smooth surface
and appropriate area ratio and cutting edge angle thereby minimizing disturbance during
sampling.

2.3 Disturbed sample

The disturbed soil samples have been collected by Split Spoon Sampler at every 1.5 mt.
or as per strata change and recording of the soil strata change..

2.4 Standard penetration test

The standard penetration tests are conducted in bore as per IS: 2131:1981 (Reaffirmed
1987). The split spoon sampler resting on the bottom of borehole is allowed to sink
under its own weight, then the split spoon sampler is seated 15 cm with the blows of
hammer falling through 750 mm. the driving assembly consists of a driving head and a
63.5 kg weight.

It is ensured that the energy of the falling weight is not reduced by friction between the
drive weight and the guides or between ropes. The rods to which the sampler is attached
for driving are straight, tightly coupled and straight in alignment. Thereafter the split
spoon sampler is further driven by 30 cm. the number of blows required to drive each
15 cm penetration is recorded. The first 15 cm of drive considered as seating drive. The
total blows required for the second and third 15 cm penetration is termed as a penetration
resistance-N value.

Correction for the effect of over burden pressure is applied to observe N-values.
Correction for dilatancy is not applicable as ground water table was not encounted. The
observed and corrected N-values obtained from the tests are present in Table-1.

Page 4 of 14
2.5 Ground Water Table

The ground water table was not encountered within 6 m depth, From EGL at time of
investigation (August -2022).

2.6 Method of Sampling

The sampler is coupled together with a sampler head to form a sampling assembly. The
sampler head provides a non-flexible connection between the sampling tube and the drill
rods. Vent holes are provided in the sampler head to allow escape of water/air from the
top of sampler tube during penetration. The sampling tubes are made free from dust and
rust. Coating of oil is applied on both sides to obtain the undisturbed samples in best
possible manner.

The sampler is then lowered inside the bore hole on a string of rods and driven to a pre-
determined level. On completion of driving the sampler is first rotated within the
boreholes to shear the soil sample at bottom and then pulled out. Upon removal of the
sampling tubes, the length of sample in the tube is recorded. The disturbed material in
the upper end of the tube, if any, is completely removed before sealing.

The soil at the lower end of the tube is trimmed to a distance of about 10 to 20 mm.
After cleaning and inserting an impervious disc at each end, both ends are sealed. The
empty space in the sampler, if any, is filled with the moist soil, and the ends covered
with tight wrapper.

Page 5 of 14
3. LABORATORY TESTING
The disturbed and undisturbed soil sample collected during exploration were tested for
grain size analysis and consistency limit for the classification purpose.

The undisturbed sample was further tested for field density, natural moisture content,
specific gravity and shear parameter. Shear parameter were determined in direct shear
apparatus. To account for the saturated sample in unconsolidated undrained condition.

The tests were conducted as per relevant Indian Standards as mentioned below.

Sr.
Name of Test Confirming to IS No.
No.
1. Grain Size Analysis IS 2720 Part 4 (Reaffirmed 2020)

2. Atterberg Limit IS 2720 Part 5 (Reaffirmed 2020)

3. Field Moisture Content IS 2720 Part 2 (Reaffirmed 2016)

4. Specific Gravity IS 2720 Part 3- Section 2 (Reaffirmed 2016)

5. Direct Shear Test IS 2720 Part 13 (Reaffirmed 2016)

6. Triaxial Shear Test IS 2720 Part 11 (Reaffirmed 2016)

7. Consolidation Properties IS 2720 Part 15 (Reaffirmed 2016)

Unconfined Compressive
8. IS 2720 Part 10 (Reaffirmed 2016)
strength

9. Swelling Pressure IS 2720 Part 41 (Reaffirmed 2016)

10. Free swell Index IS 2720 Part 40 (Reaffirmed 2016)

11. Shrinkage Limit IS 2720 Part 6 (Reaffirmed 2016)

Page 6 of 14
4. SOIL STRATIFICATION
Based on field and laboratory test data different soil strata were identified and are shown
in borehole log in drawing. These are identifies in general as under with respect to
existing ground level at borehole location

Table 4.1 Soil Stratification of Borehole

Borehole Depth
Stratification Remarks
No. (mt.)
Brown to Black High Plastic Clay with Silt and Gravels
0.00
(CH)
Brown to Black Medium Plastic Clay with Silt and
1.50
Gravels (CI)
BH-1 3.00 Brown Medium Plastic Clay with Gravels and Sand (CI)

4.50 Brown Medium Plastic Clay with Gravels and Sand (CI)

6.00 Brown Medium Plastic Clay with Gravels and Sand (CI)

Page 7 of 14
5. BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) based on Shear failure criterion and Safe Bearing Pressure
(SBP) based on 50mm settlement (IS 1904: 1978) criterion is worked out.
The allowable bearing capacity shall be taken from the following values whichever is
less.
❖ SBC based on Shear parameters: The Ultimate Safe bearing capacity (SBC) based
on shear failure criterion. The Safe Bearing Capacity has been computed based on
shear strength characteristics. The evaluation of SBC is as per Indian Standard IS
6403:1981(Reaffirmed1997).
❖ SBP based on Consolidation parameters: The net safe bearing pressure that can be
impressed on maximum settlement of 50mm (Permissible value for isolated
foundations on saturated silt, plastic clay strata as given in IS 1904: 1986). The
Total settlement has considered as per IS 8009 (Part:I) 1976 (Reaffirmed1993).
❖ SBC & SBP based on SPT ‘N’ Value: Based on foundation depth @ 2.5m, the
average SPT ‘N’-value is worked out to 25 no. of blows/300 mm penetration. These
are not corrected due to clayey strata.
The safe settlement pressure is calculated by the empirical method based on N- value as
per IS 6403:1981 & IS 8009 (Part-1):1976 for usual size footings.

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6. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS
Geotechnical/ sub-soil investigation work for Construction of R.C.C. Sump 30,000 Lit. at
Dungari faliya, Village Bagwada, Dist. Valsad was explored for Sub-soil investigation by 1
borehole up to investigation depth of 6 m from EGL and subsequent laboratory test results
show that,

1. The ground water table was not encountered within 6 m depth, from EGL during sub soil
exploration carried out in August 2022. Although, the effect of water table is considered
at ground surface level in evaluation of SBC & settlement values.

2. Isolated footings for columns are appropriate as foundation. Minimum depth of

foundation is suggested at 3.0mt. depth below Existing ground level.

3. Safe allowable bearing pressures for footings of various sizes are recommended in
Table-7.1.

4. Total permissible settlement is considered as 50 mm for footings. If the designer

considers different value, the computations should be revised.

5. The present computations do not consider seismic and inclined loading. Designer should
compute the same and inclination of resultant as well if the loading is likely to be
inclined. Adopting these values, precise computations for safe bearing pressure should
be made.

For Pramukh Test House & Consultancy Services

Page 9 of 14
7. SUMMARY

TABLE 7.1 SUMMARY OF SAFE ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

Foundation Details
Recommended Net
Size Net Safe Bearing
Type Safe Bearing
Depth (m) Capacity (SBC)
Capacity
Width Length from GL t /m2
t /m2
(m) (m)

1.5 15.21 15.21

3.0 mt. Dia
3.0 18.63 18.63
Circular
Foundation
1.5 14.96 14.96
4.0 mt. Dia

3.0 17.95 17.95

❖ Foundation depth with Considering at 3.0mt. depth from the Existing Ground Level.

❖ The Factor of Safety has considered as 2.5 for the Net Safe Bearing Capacity.

❖ The evaluation of SBC is as per IS 6403-1981 & SBP is as per IS 8009-(part-1) 1976. As per IS
1904: 1986, the max settlement for R.C.C. isolated foundation on saturated silt, plastic clay
strata is recommended as 50 mm.

Page 10 of 14
8. SOIL TEST RESULT
SOIL Project: Geotechnical/ sub-soil investigation work for Construction of R.C.C. Sump 30,000 Lit. at Dungari faliya, Termination Depth: 6.00 mt. Table no.: 8.1
PROFILE Village Bagwada, Dist. Valsad.
Depth of water table :- N.O. Bore Hole No.:
BH-1
Consolidation

Field Moisture Content

Grain Size Analysis Atterberg’s Limits Field Density
Shear Parameter Parameters

Specific Gravity (G)

(IS : 2720 , P -4) (IS : 2720 , P -5) (IS; 2720 P29)
(IS : 2720 , P -15)

IS Classification

(IS: 2720, P- 10)

Free swell Index

Type of sample

( IS : 2720 P40)
Void Ratio ( e )
Depth from GL
Depth from RL

Consolidation

Consolidation
(IS: 2720,P3)

Cohesion (c)
Porosity ( )

Type of Test

resistance ϕ
Silt + Clay

Index (Cc)
(IS: 1498)

Angle of
shearing

Pressure
(FMC)
Gravel

Sand

Bulk

UCS

(Pc )
Dry
WL

Pre
WP

WS

IP
(%) (%) (% ) (%) (%) (%) (%) (g/cc) (%) (%) Kg/cm2 Deg. Kg/cm2 (%) kg/cm2

0.00 DS 3 15 82 55 26 29 CH

1.50 DS 5 18 77 45 23 22 CI

3.00 DS 11 21 68 48 22 26 CI 1.61* 20.5 2.63 DST 0.25 10 25

4.50 DS 14 20 66 42 20 22 CI

6.00 DS 8 16 76 41 24 17 CI

Note: * Value is Assumed based on Laboratory Experience.

N.A. : Not Applicable

Page 11 of 14
 9. I.S. CLASSIFICATION

GW Well Graded Gravels, Gravel-Sand Mixture Or No Fines

GP Poorly Graded Gravels Or Gravel Sand Mixture, Little Or No Fines.
GM Silty Gravels, Poorly Graded Gravel-Sand-Silt Mixtures.
GC Clayey Gravels, Poorly Graded Gravel-Sand-Clay Mixtures.
SW Well-Graded Sands, Gravely Sands Little Or No Fines.
SP Poorly Graded Sand Or Gravely Sands, Little Ot No Fines.
SM Silty Sands, Poorly Graded Sand-Silt Mixtures.
SC Clayey Sands, Poorly Graded Sand-Clay Mixture.
ML Inorganic Silt And Very Fine Sands Rock Flour, Silty Ot Clayey Fine Sands Or Clayey
Silts With Non-To Low Plasticity.
CL Inorganic Clays, Gravely Clays, Sandy Clays, Silty Clays, Lean Clays Of Low Plasticity.
OL Organic Silt And Organic Silty Clay Of Low Plasticity
MI Inorganic Silts, Silty Or Clayey Fine Sands Or Clayey Silts Of Medium Plasticity
CI Inorganic Clays, Gravely Clays, Sandy Clays, Silty Clays, Lean Clays Of Medium
Plasticity
OI Organic Silts And Organic Silty Clays Of Medium Plasticity
MH Inorganic Silt Of Highly Compressibility, Micaceous Or Diatomaceous Fine Sady Or
Silty Soils, Elastic Silts.
CH Inorganic Clays Of High Plasticity, Fat Clays
OH Organic Clays Of Medium To High Plasticity
Pt Peat And Other Highly Organic Soil With Very High Compressibility

Page 12 of 14
 10. Abbreviations

FDD/FMC : Field Dry Density/ Field Moisture Content

UDS : Undisturbed Sample
SPT : Standard Penetration Test
D/S : Disturbed Sample
Tuu : Triaxial compression (Unconsolidation Undrained condition)
DST :Direct Shear Test
NP : : Non plastic nature
N.O : Not Observed
WL : Liquid Limit
WP : Plastic Limit
IP : Plasticity index
CC : Coefficient of consolidation
PC : Pre-consolidation pressure
e0 : Initial void ratio
Φ : Angle of internal friction
c : Cohesion
 : Effective unit weight of soil
B : Width of footing
𝐷𝑓 : Depth of footing
𝑆𝑐 , 𝑆𝑞 , 𝑆 : Shape factors
𝑑𝑐 , 𝑑𝑞 , 𝑑 : Depth factors
𝑖𝑐 , 𝑖𝑞 , 𝑖 : Inclination factors
𝑁𝑐 , 𝑁𝑞 , 𝑁 : Bearing capacity factors
W : Correction for water table

Page 13 of 14
 11. References And Bibliography

IS 2131-1981 : Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) for Soil

IS 22720 – : Various Method of Test for Soils
Relevant Parts

IS 6403-1981 : Code of Practice for Determined of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation

IS 8009 part 1 : Code of Practice for Calculation of Settlements of Foundations (Shallow

Foundation Subjected to Symmetrical Static Vertical Loads)
Dr. N.V. Nayak : Foundation Design Manual

Dr. B.C. : Soil Mechanics & Foundations.

Punamia
Terzaghi & peck : Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice.
Dr. K. R. Arora : Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering.
Dr. Shenbaga R : Design Aids in Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering.
Kaniraj

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