BS EN 13445-2:2021 SSIS aLeL- eM eae] Cet Lod Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials bsi.BS EN 13445-2:2021 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword ‘This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13445-2:2021. It supersedes BS EN 13445-2:2014+A3:2018, which is withdrawn. ‘The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PVE/1, Pressure Vessels. Alist of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its committee manager. Contractual and legal considerations ‘This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law. This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the recipient's own risk. ‘The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with respect to its use of this publication. ‘This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. ‘This publication has been prepared under a mandate given to the European Standards Organizations by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and is intended to support essential requirements of the EU legislation detailed in the European foreword. Annex ZA/ZZ describes how the publication relates to the legislation For the Great Britain market (England, Scotland and Wales), ifthe UK Government has designated this publication for conformity with UKCA ‘marking legislation and has not amended the essential requirements of that legislation, Annex ZA/2Z.and any references to EU law in the publication should be read in accordance with the designs as applying to UK legislation in the same way as to EU law. Further For the Northern Ireland market, UK law will continue to implement relevant EU law subject to periodic confirmation, References to EU legislation are therefore still valid. More information on legislation can be found at wwvw.govk. © The British Standards Institution 2021 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2021 ISBN 978 0539 047387 ICS 23.020.30 Compliance with a Bi legal obligations. ish Standard cannot confer immunity from ‘This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2021, i i i i it HI i a i i i tBRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13445-2:2021 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date ‘Text affected‘ses rit eo nie nein raBS EN 13445-2:2021 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13445-2 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM May 2021 cs 23,020.30 Supersedes EN 13445-2:2014 English Version Unfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials Récipionts sous pression non soumis a lame - LUnbefeuerte Druckbehater -Teil2: Werkstoffe Partie 2: Matériaux ‘This Buropean Standard was approved by CEN on 24 February 2021, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the cantons forgiving this European Standard the status of national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application tothe CEN-CENELEC Management Centre orto any CEN ‘member. ‘This European Standard exsts in three offical versions (English French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibilty ofa CEN member into its own language and notified tothe CEN-CENELEC Management Cente has the same status asthe oficial versions, CCEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgata, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, inland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, leland, Ireland aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom, ma EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG (CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels (© 2021 EN Allrights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved RefNo. EN 13445-2:2021 E ‘worldwide for CEN national Members.BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Contents European foreword... LD Scope enn ee 2 Normative references num. 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units. 3.1 Terms and définitions 3.2 Symbols and units... 4 Requirements for materials to be used for pressure-beari 41 — General 4.2 Special provisions... 4.2.1. Special properties... 4.2.2 Design temperature above 20°C 4.2.3 Prevention of brittle fracture. 4.24 Design properties in the creep range 425 Specific requirements for steels for fasteners... 43 Technical delivery condi 4.3.1 European Standard: 43.2 European Approval for Materials. 4.3.3. Particular material appraisals.... 434 Clad products. 435 Welding consumables. 44° Markiny 5 Requirements for materials to be used for non-pressure parts. system for steels for pressure equipment... Annex B (normative) Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture at low temperatures.. B1 General B2 Material selection and impact energy requirements. B21 Introduction.. B22 Method 1, B23 Method 2 Annex A (normative) Grow .3 General test requirements B3.1 General... B32 Sub-sized specimens. Production test plates. Materials for use at elevated temperatures wn General Materials. — Welding procedure qualification and production test plates... Start up and shut down procedure. Pressure test.BS EN 13445-2:2021 aN 13445-2:2071 issue 1 (2021-05 Annex C (informative) Procedure for determination of the weld creep strength reduction factor (WCSRF) Annex D (informative) Technical delivery conditions for clad products for pressure purposes DA Introductory note D2 Requirements for the materia D3 Requirements for the deposited materia D4 Qualification of the cladding procedure. DS Production tests.. ‘Annex E (informative) European steels for pressure purposes. El European Standards for steels and steel components for pressure purposes. E2 European standardised steels grouped according to product forms. Annex F (normative) Special provisions for materials and components... FA General.. F.2 Mechanical properties and technical delivery conditions for fasteners in accordance with EN ISO 3506. a = Mechanical properties for austenitic bolts in accordance with EN ISO 3506-1.. Delivery conditions for austenitic fasteners... Annex Y (informative) History of EN 13445-2... YL Differences between EN 13445-2:2014 and EN 13445-2:2021. Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered Bibliography. : i i i i : : t i i i iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) European foreword ‘This document (EN 13445-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC54 “Unfired pressure vessels", the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2021. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of BU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document, list of all parts in the EN 13445 series can be found on the CEN website. Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognised that the Parts are inter- dependant. As such the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels requires the application of all the relevant Parts in order for the requirements of the Standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled. Corrections to the standard interpretations where several options seem possible are conducted through the Migration Help Desk (MHD). Information related to the Help Desk can be found at http://wwwamnm.fr (en13445@unm.r). A form for submitting questions can be downloaded from the link to the MHD website. After subject experts have agreed an answer, the answer will be communicated to the questioner. Corrected pages will be given specific issue number and issued by CEN according to CEN Rules. Interpretation sheets will be posted on the website of the MHD. ‘This document supersedes EN 13445-2:2014. This new edition incorporates the Amendments which have been approved previously by CEN members, and the corrected pages up to Issue 5 without any further technical change. Annex ¥ provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. ‘Amendments to this new edition may be issued from time to time and then used immediately as alternatives to rules contained herein. Its intended to deliver a new Issue of EN 13445:2021 each year, starting with the precedent as Issue 1, consolidating these Amendments and including other identified corrections. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom,BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) iseue 1 (2021-05) 1 Scope ‘This document specifies the requirements for steel products used for unfired pressure vessels. For some metallic materials other than steel, such as spheroidal graphite cast iron, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, requirements are or will be formulated in separate parts ofthis document, For metallic materials which are not covered by a harmonized material standard and are not likely to be in near future, specific rules are given in this part or the above cited parts of this document, 2 Normative references ‘The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 764-1:2015+A1:2016, Pressure equipment — Terminology — Part 1: Pressure, temperature, volume, nominal size EN 764-2:2012, Pressure equipment — Part 2: Quantities, symbols and units EN 764-3:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 3: Definition of parties involved EN 764-4:2014, Pressure equipment — Part 4: Establishment of technical delivery conditions for metallic materials EN 764-5:2014, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Inspection documentation of metallic materials and compliance with the material specification EN 1092-1:2018, Flanges and their joints — Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated — Part 1: Steel flanges EN 10028-2:2009, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 2: Non-alloy and allay steels with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10028-3:2009, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized EN 10028-4:2009, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified low temperature properties EN 10028-5:2009, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 5: Weldable fine grain steels, ‘thermomechanically rolled EN 10028-6:2009, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 6: Weldable fine grain steels, quenched and tempered EN 10028. 107, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 7: Stainless steels, EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documentsBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) EN 10216-3:2013, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes EN 10216-4:2013, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 4: ‘Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties, EN 10217-3:2002, EN10217-3:2002/A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 3: Allay fine grain steel tubes EN 10217-4:2002, EN 10217-4:2002/A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 4: Electric welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties EN 10217-6:2002, EN 10217-6:2002/A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 6: Submerged arc welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties EN 10222-3:1998, Steel forgings for pressure purposes — Part 3: Nickel steels with specified low temperature properties EN 10222-4:1998, EN 10222-4:1998/A1:2001, Steel forgings for pressures purposes — Part 4: Weldable {fine grain steels with high proof strength EN 10269:2013, Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties EN 10273:2007, Hot rolled weldable stee! bars for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 12074:2000, Welding consumables — Quality requirements for manufacture, supply and distribution of consumables for welding and allied processes EN 13445-1:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General EN 13445-3:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN 13445-4:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication EN 13445-5:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing EN 13479:2004, Welding consumables — General product standard for filler metals and fluxes for fusion welding of metallic materials EN ISO 148-1:2010, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 148- 1:2010) EN ISO 204:2009, Metallic materials — Uniaxial creep testing in tension — Method of test (ISO 204:2009) EN ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, ‘screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013) EN ISO 898-2:2012, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2:2012)BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021. Issue 1 (0rd) EN ISO 2566-1:1999, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels (10 2566-1:1984) EN ISO 2566: 2:1984) 1999, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part2: Austenitic steels (ISO 2566- EN ISO 3506-1:2009, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (180 3506- 1:2009) EN ISO 3506-2:2009, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainlss-stel fasteners — Part 2: Nuts (1S0 3506-2:2009) EN ISO 6892-1:2009, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009) CEN/ISO/TR15608:2000, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system (1S0/CR 15608:2000) 3. Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and définitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13445-1:2021, EN 764- 1:2015+A1:2016, EN 764-3:2002 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Blectropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/ — 150 Online browsing platform: available at http://www-iso.org/obp 344 ‘minimum metal temperature Tu the lowest temperature determined for any of the following conditions (also see 3.1. 1.3): — normal operations; — start up and shut down procedures; — possible process upsets, such as flashings of fluid, which have an atmospheric boiling point below 0°c; — during pressure or leak testing. 312 temperature adjustment term 7 relevant to the calculation of the design reference temperature Tr and is dependent on the calculated tensile membrane stress at the appropriate minimum metal temperature Note 1 toentry: Values for Tsare given in Table B.2-12, Note2 toentry: Fortensile membrane stress reference is made to EN 13445-3:2021, Annex C.BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) 3.43 design reference temperature Ta the temperature used for determining the impact energy requirements and is determined by adding the temperature adjustment 7s to the minimum metal temperature To: Ta= Tat Ts 344 impact test temperature Try the temperature at which the required impact energy has to be achieved (see B.2). 345 impact energy KV the energy absorbed by a sample of material when subjected to a Charpy-V-notch test in accordance with EN SO 148-1:2010 3.16 reference thickness es thickness of componentto be used to relate the design reference temperature Tx of the component with its required impact test temperature Ti, (see Tables B.2-2 to B.2-7 and Figures B.2-1 to B.2-11). For unwelded parts the reference thickness en is equal to the nominal wall thickness (including corrosion allowance). For welded parts the reference thickness is defined in Table B.4-1. 3.1.7 weld creep strength reduction factor (WCSRF) factor to account for creep strength reduction at the weldment | !BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (6 Issue 1 (2021-05) 3.2. Symbols and units For the purpose of this part, the symbols and units of EN 764-2:2012 apply together with those given in Table 3.2-1 and Table 3.2-2 ‘Table 3.2-1 — Quantities for space and time Quantity, Symbol Unit i time t Simin, da z frequency f He ! dimension any Latin aera mm i length T mm 4! thickness @ mm i ub corrosion allowance c mm a diameter aD mm i radius nk mm area AS mm? volume, capacity v mms be weight Ww. NKN density 2 kg/mm second moment of area Z mm section modulus z mme acceleration 7 m/s? plane angle aay Grek latere ade Symbols may use any lower-case leer, exceptfor those defined elsewhere inthis table Volume may also be given nao L © Litres mont unit which may be sed witht units and hei malls 4 density may aloe ven in kan?BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) i : Table 3.2-2 — Mechanical quantities i Quantity * Symbol * Unit a force FE N u moment M an Aj pressure ae bars MPa 1 ‘Temperature r °C a linear expansion coefficient a m/m°C_ 3 normal stress @ MPa a shear stress F MPa i nominal design stress F MPa u cana cial a Wa - ultimate tensile strength at temperature T Ruy MPa 4 yield strength Re MPa yield strength at temperature T Ret MPa upper yield strength Rent MPa 1% proof strength p10 MPa (0.2 % proof strength Rp02 MPa (0.2 % proof strength at temperature T Ro02/T MPa modulus of elasticity E MPa shear modulus G MPa Poisson's ratio o S strain: & % elongation after fracture A % impact energy KV 1 hardness HB, HV - Joint coefficient z = safety factor Ss - Mean 1% creep strain limit at calculation] yy rrq MPa temperature T'and lifetime t Mean creep rupture strength at calculation a MPa temperature Tand lifetime t Weld creep strength reduction factor Ze - |" Quantities without a temperature index normally refer to room temperature. > Some of these symbols, such as R, f, are not part of ISO 31. €-barfsa non St unit which may be sed wth Sunt and thelr mulls. The unk bar shal be used on nameplates, certiictes, drawings pressure gauges and instrumentation and iaways used asa gauge pressure, This isin ine with the requirements ofthe Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC. 10BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E} Issue 1 (2021-05) 4 Requirements for materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts 4.1 General 4.1.1 Materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts shall meet the general requirements of 4.1 and the special provisions of 4.2, if applicable, Materials for pressure bearing parts shall be ordered complying with the technical delivery conditions in 4.3. Marking of materials for pressure-bearing parts shall be performed in accordance with 4.4. Materials shall be selected to be compatible with anticipated fabrication steps and to be suitable for the internal fluid and external environment. Both normal operating conditions and transient conditions occurring during fabrication transport, testing and operation shall be taken into account when specifying the materials, NOTE1 The requirements of 4.1 and 4.2 should also be fulfilled when technical delivery conditions are developed for European material standards, European approval of materials or particular material appraisals, NOTE2 When technical delivery conditions for pressure-bearing parts are developed, the structure and requirements of EN 764-4:2014 should be met. Exceptions should be technically justified. ‘The materials shall be grouped in accordance with CEN ISO/CR 15608:2000 to relate manufacturing and inspection requirements to generic material types. NOTE3 Materials have been allocated into these groups in accordance with their chemical composition and properties in view of manufacture and heat treatment after welding. 4.2. Materials for pressure-bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this document shall be accompanied by inspection documents in accordance with EN 10204:2004. Certificate of specific control G.1 or 3.2 certificate) shall be required for all steels if Design by Analysis ~ Direct Route according to Annex B of EN 13445-3:2021 is used. ‘The type of inspection document shall be in accordance with EN 764- ‘compliance to the material specification. 1014 and include a declaration of 4.4.3. The materials shall be free from surface and internal defects which can impair their intended usability. 4.44 Steels shall have a specified minimum elongation after fracture measured on a gauge length 1, = 865 5, (1-1) where S._ isthe original cross sectional area within the gauge length. ‘The minimum elongation after fracture in any direction shall be > 14%. ‘When measured on a gauge length other than that stated here, the minimum elongation after fracture shall be determined by converting the elongation in accordance with — ENISO 2566- :1999 for carbon and low alloy steels; wnBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) — EN ISO 2566-2:1999 for austenitic steels. 4.15 However, lower elongation values may also be applied (eg. for fasteners or castings), provided that appropriate measures are taken to compensate for these lower values and the specific requirements are verifiable. NOTE Examples for compensation: — application of higher safety factors in design = performance of burst tests to demonstrate ductile material behaviour. 4.1.6 Steels shall have a specified minimum impact energy measured on a Charpy-V-notch impact test specimen (EN ISO 148-1:2010) as follows: — 227) for ferritic and 1,5 % to 5 % Nialloy steels; — 240] forsteels of material group 8, 9.3 and 10 ata test temperature in accordance with Annex B, but not higher than 20°C. The other requirements of ‘Annex B shall also apply. 4.1.7, The chemical composition of steels intended for welding or forming shall not exceed the values in ‘Table 4.1-1. Line 2 ofthe table refers to vessels or parts designed using Design by Analysis - Direct Route according to Annex B of EN 13445-3:2021. Exceptions shall be technically justified. ‘Table 4.1-1 — Maximum carbon-, phosphorus- and sulphur contents for steels intended for welding or forming oleae Maximum content of cast analysis (according to Table A-1) %C we %S Seals weal 0,23 0.035 0025 Steels (1to6and9) 020 0,025 0015 ‘when DBA Direct Route is used © Ferrti stainless steels Ra 008 0040 0015 Martensitie stainless steals rea 0.06 0.040 0015 ‘Austeniti talnless steels 008, 0.045, 1015» rh ost ‘Austenitic stainless steels fa 0.10 0.035 001s ‘Austenitic-erritic stainless steels i 0.030 0.035 ois 2 Maximum content of product analysis 025 % » For products to be machined a controled sulphur content of 0.015% to 0030 % is permitted by agreement provided the resistance to corrosion i satisfied forthe intended purpose « Imadditon the ration thickness reduction (ati of nial hekness flab ingot othe thickness ofthe nal plat) shall be equal orreater than: Aor NL2 sees and sees of material group 9: = 3 or other materials 12 i : i ® 4 5 i i ae a iH i H a i ' i iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (F Issue 1 (2021-05) 4.2. Special provisions 4.2.1 Special properties Where the behaviour of a material can be affected by manufacturing processes or operating conditions, toan extent that would adversely affect the safety or service life of the pressure vessel, this shall be taken into consideration when specifying material. Adverse effects may arise from: — manufacturing processes: eg, degree of cold forming and heat treatment; — operating conditions: eg. hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion, scaling and ageing behaviour of the material after cold forming. 4.2.2. Design temperature above 20°C 42.2.1 Amaterial shall only be used for pressure parts within the range of temperatures for which the material properties required by EN 13445-3:2021 are defined in the technical specification for the material. Ifthe technical delivery condition does not contain the specific material values required for the allowable temperature TS the values required in EN 13445-3:2021 for the design shall be determined by linear interpolation between the two adjacent values, Values shall not be rounded up. For other than austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, the specified value of Rew (Rona) at room temperature (RT) may be used for temperatures less than or equal to 50 °C. Interpolation between 50 °C and 100°C shall be performed with the values of RT and 100 °C and using 20 °C as the starting point for interpolation. Above 100°C linear interpolation shall be performed between the tabulated values given inthe table. 42.2.2 _Asthe impact properties may be affected by long or frequent holding of the material at elevated temperatures, itis presupposed that the temperatures and periods of exposure to elevated temperatures be recorded for review during in-service inspection. The influence of such exposure upon the lifetime ‘expectancy shall be estimated and recorded. For operations such as drying and cleaning of pressure vessels, steels with specified low temperature properties but without elevated temperature 0,2 % proof strength values may however be used at elevated temperatures for drying and cleaning processes provided that the values of 0,2 % proofstrength used in design calculations for elevated temperatures shall be obtained by multiplying the specified ‘minimum yield strength values at 20 °C by the factor given in Table 4.2-1. Table 4.2-1 — Yield strength reduction factors for low temperature steels i ! i 4 2 i a ‘Temperature T tee toorc | 200° | 2so%c | 300% ‘Quenched and tempered 075 0,68 064 0,60 Normalised or thermomechanicaly treated 070 058 053 048 Interpolation shall be carried out as in 4.2.2.1. 13BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (B) Issue 1 (2021-05) 4.2.3. Prevention of brittle fracture ‘The requirements in Annex B shall apply. 4.2.4. Design properties in the creep range 4.24.1 Creep properties of base material For interpolation and extrapolation of creep properties given in the materials standard, see EN 13445- 3:2021, Clause 19. When creep properties are not available from a materials standard, they shall be determined using EN ISO 204:2009. 424.2 Creep properties of weldments Creep properties of weld joints subjected to stresses normal to the weld can differ si ofthe base material. ificantly from those For the design of vessels in the creep range, this is taken into account in EN 13445-3:2021 by making use of aweld creep strength reduction factor ze obtained from tests on weldments. no data are available, a default value of ze is used. An acceptable method to determine ze by cross-weld tests is given in Annex C (see also (17) 4.2.5. Specific requirements for steels for fasteners Fasteners include bolts, studs and nuts. Free cutting steel shall not be used. Bolting made of carbon steel or Ni alloy ferritic steel with > 3,5.% nickel shall not be used above 300 °C. ‘The specified minimum tensile strength of bar material of ferritic and martensitic steel for bolts shall not exceed 1 000 MPa, The minimum elongation of bar material after fracture shall be at least As = 14 %. Impact requirements for ferritic and martensitic steels are specified in B.2.2.4 Bolt material with a design temperature below ~160 °C shall be impact tested at -196 °C, Hydrogen embrittlement, fatigue or relaxation properties shall be taken into account where appropriate, NOTE 1 Detailed requirements on the surface condition and internal soundness ofthe bar can be necessary for some applications. NOTE2 Materials for fasteners compliant with the requirements ofthis standard should be certified on the basis ‘of EN 10204:2004, 4BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E} Issue 1 (2021-05) 4.3. Technical delivery conditions 4.3.1. European Standards ‘The European Standards for plates, strips, bars, tubes, forgings and castings for pressure purposes shall be used. NOTE1 Table £.2-1 provides an overview on materials for pressure purposes specified in harmonised standards. NOTE2 Table E1-1 contains an informative summary of European Materials Standards referred to and of European Standards covering components of pressure-bearing parts, Special provisions due to fabrication and operation shall be taken into account, if appropriate. 4.3.2. European Approval for Materials Amaterial specified in an EMDS for pressure vessels shall only be used: if4.1 and 4.2 have been taken into consideration. range of application and 4.3.3. Particular material appraisals Materials other than those specified in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 may also be used provided that they have been undergone a particular material appraisal and if 4.1 and 4.2 have been taken into consideration, 434 Clad products Technical delivery conditions for clad products for pressure parts shall be in accordance with the requirements of Annex D. NOTE1 — European Standards specifying technical delivery conditions for clad products for pressure purposes are not currently available. NOTE 2 — Examples of national documents covering technical delivery condition for clad steels are given in [2] to (a. 4.3.5 Welding consumables ‘Technical delivery conditions for welding consumables used of pressure parts and attachments to pressure parts shall be in accordance with EN 13479-2004 and EN 12074:2000, NOTE Equivalent national international specifications are accepted which fulfil the same criteria with respect to the requirements for the Quality Assurance System and the requirements for manufacture, supply, distribution, test methods and evaluation of consumables. 44 Marking ‘The marking of the products or delivery units shall ensure traceability between the product or delivery unit and the inspection documents. For European standardised materials the marking shall fulfil the requirements of the relevant product standard. 15 i i i i i i iat BS EN 13445-2:2021 # EN 13445-2:2021 (E) r Issue 1 (2021-05) i 5 A For materials not contained ina European Standard the marking shall atleast contain: i — the material specification (reference, material designation); Al i — the manufacturers name or mark; yi : — the stamp of the inspection representative, if applicable. u For material supplied with specific inspection the marking shall include an identification which permits Hy the correlation between the product or delivery unit and the relevant inspection document. ‘ ' 5 Requirements for materials to be used for non-pressure parts i E For non-pressure parts, e.g for supporting lugs, skirts, baffles and similar parts welded to pressure A vessels, material shall be used which are supplied to material specifications covering at least i requirements for the chemical composition and the tensile properties. These materials shall not limit the a ‘operating conditions of the material to which they are attached. ; 16BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445 2:2021 ( issue 1 (2021-05 Annex A (normative) Grouping system for steels for pressure equipment Steels shall be grouped as showm in Table A-1. The figures given in group 1 are referring to the ladle analysis of the materials. The figures given in group 4 to 10 are based on the element content used in the designation of the alloys. Table A.1 — Grouping system for steels (extract from CEN ISO/CR 15608:2000) Sub- Grou 2 of steel ? | group ‘Type of ste 1 Steels witha specified minimum yield strength Rew < 460 MPa® and with analysis in 6: cso2s Sis 0,60 Mn<1,70 Mo<0,70 $0,045 P5045, cuso,4ob Nis os? r<0,3 (0.4 forcastings)® Nb 0,05 vso,2 150,05 1.1__| Steels with a specified minimum yield strength Ray < 275 MPa 1.2 | Steels witha specified minimum yield strength 275 MPa < Reus 360 MPa 1.3 | Normalised fine grain stels with a specified minimum yield strength Ren > 360 MPa 14 | Steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance whose analysis may exceed the requirements for the single elements as indicated under 1 2 ‘Thermomechanicaly treated fine grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength Ren > 360 MPa 21 | Thermomechanically treated fine grain stoels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength 360 MPa < Ren $460 MPa 22 | Thermomechanically treated fine grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength Reu > 460 MPa 3 ‘Quenched and tempered steels and precipitation hardened steels except stainless steels with a specified minimum yield strength Rau > 360 MPa 3A | Quenched and tempered steels with a specified minimum yield strength 360 MPa < Rew s 690 MPa 3.2 | Quenched and tempered steels witha specified minimum yield strength Rex > 690 MPa 3.3 _ | Precipitation hardened steels except stainless steels a7BS EN 13445- 2 1021. EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Table A-t (concluded) ‘Type of steel Low vanadium alloyed Cr-Mo-(Ni) steels with Mo <0,7 % and V<0,1 % 4._| Steels with Crs 0,3 % and Ni< 0,7 % 42 | Steels with Cr<0,7 % and Nis 15% 5 (Cr-Mo steels free of vanadium with C< 0,35 96° 5.A1_| Steels with 0,75 % s Cr< 1,5 % and Mo <0,7 9% 52 _ | Steels with 1,5 % 19% 83 _ | Manganese austenitic stainless steels with 4% 24 % im accordance withthe specification ofthe steel product standards, Rt may be replaced by Ryo2 or Ras. Aigher value is accepted provided that Cr+ Mo + Ni+ Cu+V<0,75 %, "Free ofvanadiumn” means not deliberately added to the materia 18 : i i iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E Issue 1 (2021-05) Annex B (normative) Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture at low temperatures B.1 General ‘This annex distinguishes between pressure equipment that has design temperature for normal operation higher or lower than 50°C. For pressure equipment with normal operation temperatures higher than 50°C B.S applies. IfB. is not applicable, the following rules for lower normal operation temperatures shall be used. For pressure equipment with design temperature equal to or less than 50°C this annex specifies three alternative methods for establishing criteria for the prevention of low temperature brittle fracture) of steels in the form of plate, strip, tubes, fittings, forgings, castings, langes, fasteners and weldments used in pressure parts. The criteria are based on impact energy requirements at specified temperatures for the base material, heat affected zone (including the fusion line) and weld metals. ‘The three methods are: Method 1 Code of Practice: a) Technical requirements based on the choice of '») as specified in harmonised European Material Standards and on the assumption that itis possible to achieve these minimum properties after fabrication. Calculated from the principles of fracture ‘mechanics used for method 2 for C and CMn steels with yield strength < 460 MPa and b) based on operating experience for Ni-alloyed steels with Ni>3% up to 9%, for austenitic steels and for bolts and nuts. Method 2 Method developed from the principles of fracture mechanics and from operating experiences: Amore flexible approach than method 1 for derivation of technical requirements applicable to CCMn, fine grain steels, Ni-alloyed steels with not more than 1,5 % of a specified minimum yield strength <500 MPa and for austenitic-ferritic steels with a specified ‘minimum yield strength s 550 MPa, This method can be applied for these steels toa wider range of thicknesses and temperatures than method 1 because Tx must not be equal to Tzn) (See Figures B.2-1 to B.2-11). In addition, for ferric steels with max 355 MPa in PWHT condition operation experience was considered for higher thicknesses. 1) Including temperatures at pressure tests 19 i |BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (BE) Issue 1 (2021-05) Method 3 ‘The application ofa fracture mechanics analysis. This general method is applicable to cases not covered by methods 1 or 2. This method may also be used to justify deviations from the requirements of method 1 or 2. Only general guidance is given on the use of this method which shall only be used in agreement with the parties concerned. Each of the three methods may be used independently. It is only necessary to satisfy the requirement of any one method. All applicable combinations ofthe temperatures Ty (minimum metal temperature) and 7s (temperature adjustment term) shall be considered and the lowest possible Ty-value (design reference temperature) shall be used for the determination ofthe required material impact test temperature. NOTE Fordefinitons of temperature terms see 3.1.1 to 3.1.4, B.2 Material selection and impact energy requirements B21 Introduction ‘The methods specified in B.2.2 (method 1) or B.2.3 (method 2) shall be used to determine the impact energy required to avoid brittle fracture. Alternatively, B.2.4 (method 3) may be used to determine the required toughness. The method used shall be fully documented, in order to ensure that compliance can be verified. Reference thickness for constructional details is defined in Table B.4-1. B.2.2 Method 1 B.2.2.1 General Method 1 allows the selection of materials taken from harmonised European material standards with regard to prevention of brittle fracture. Table B.2-1 gives an overview to the following tables by steel type and product form. ‘The weld metal, the heat affected zone and other parts affected by manufacturing processes shall satisly the same impact energy requirements as the guaranteed minimum properties for the base material at Ty given in the tables. ‘The Table lists design reference temperatures for maximum thickness at given strength levels represented by steels from harmonised European material standards with guaranteed minimum strength and impact properties. Where it is not possible to achieve these minimum properties after fabrication, a tougher starting material shall be selected, 20Table B.2-1— Gi EN 13445-2:2021 Issue 1 (2021- ide to material selection BS EN 13445-2:2021 Table Material or product form ‘Steel group Clause B2-2 Plates and strips Ferriticsteels | B22.2 B2-3 Seamless and welded pipes B24 | Bars B25 Forgings B2-6 | Nialloyed steels (15, : 3 | J po09 | P29sGH | 3.0481 | 35 | 110 io 4 p35scH | 1.0473 [35 | 70 e 29 P275NH_| 1.0487 [35 | 200 | __-20 30 P275NLi| 1.0488 | 35 | 200 | 40 1 31] en [p27sniz| 1.1104 [35 | 200 | 50. 32_| 10028. | p35sn [10562 [35 {70 | -20 33_| 3:2009 [ Passni | 10565 | 35| 70 | -20 an 34 PSSSNLI | 1.0566 | 35 | 70 | _-40 x 35 PaSsNL2 | 1.1106 [35 | 70 | -S0 39 TiMnNis-| 1.6212 | 35] 80 | -60 EN 3 40 | 10028- [T3MaNie-| e217 [35] 70 | -60 94 4:2009 |_3. a isNininé | 1.6228 [35 | 70 | _-60 50 P35sM | 1ae21 | 35] _- =20 a 51 PS55MLi | 1.8832 [35 | _- =40 42 a 52] aging. [P3S5ML2| 1.9833 [35 [—- =50. By 53_| Soo | P#20m_[ 1.8824 [35 | =20 > s4| * PazoMi | 1.8835 | 35 | — =40 24 5 55. Pazoml2 | 1.8828 [35 | =50 2 59 P35sq_| 1.8866 [35 | 70 | -20 60] jgivg. [F3550H | 1.8067 [35 |70_[-20 12 1] Sooo (P355QL1| 1.8068 [35 | 70 | -40 62 P35squ2 | 18869 [35 {70 | ~60 °1TMCP steels shall not be Post Weld Heat Treated Ifthe planned componentthickness is greater than that given in Table B.2-2 alternative Charpy toughness requirements are provided in chapter B.2.3.1. 22BS EN 1345-2: 2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (F Issue 1 (2021-05) Table B.2-3 — General requirements for prevention of brittle fracture — Reference thicknesses for seamless and welded tubes Seamless and welded tubes Max. be reference | | Design 2s | European’ Material thickness | reference Mee per |europeat] Grade | Maver AneSS | temperature] group to Remarks| ‘Table pee Te | CENISO/CR 15608:2000 ra aw|pwar| _“C 231 PTSNLA 35_[ 100 | -40 a 232 P27SNL2, 35_| 100 [50 da a 233.| gig. [_PSSBN 35_| 70 | -20 234 | 306, [_Passnt 35 70 | -20 a 23s] * P35SNLI 3570 | -40 2 236 P355NL 3570 | -S0 248 P2ISNL 10_[10 | =40 a 249] gy [P255QL. 35_[ 40 | -40 14 a 250] gpg. | P26SNL. 25_[ 25 | _-40 a 251] jg; [2CrMOFZ 15 [40 | -60 SA a 252 [LiMMNiS-3 | 35_[ 40 | -60 9 a 253 T3MnNi6-3 | 16217 |_35_|_40_| 60 9 a 306 P27SNL1_| 1.0488 | 35 | 40 =40 | cara) a 307 P27SNL2Z_| 1.1104 | 35 | 40 = 50 a > 308] gy P355N | 1.0562 | 35 | 40 =20 a 309,| 007 [PassNH_|-70565 [35 [40 | -20 an a 310 P355NLI_| 1.0566 | 35 | 40 | 40 . * 311 P355NL2 | 1.1106 | 35 | 40 | 50 a 316| EN |_p2isnL | 1.0451] 10 | 10 | 40 ii a 317 | 10217- | P26SNL | 1.0453] 16 | 16 | -40 1 9 4:2004 321] EN |_P2isnL | 1.0451 | 10 | 10 | 40 1 a 322 | 10217- |~P26snL | 1.0453 | 25 | 25 | -40 1 7 6:2004 ‘© Thickness imitation results from wall thickness limitation in the European material standards and in the European component standards respectively. 23BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) ‘Table B.2-4 — General requirements for prevention of brittle fracture with reference thickness for bars Bars No. | Guropean | Grade [Material] — Max Design Material Remarks as | Standard No. | reference | reference group to per thickness | temperature] CEN IS0/CR 15608:2000 Table e Ta(°C) E241 Aw | PwHT. 147 | gy (Pavan | Lower [35 | 75 | Ti 148 passni | 1.0565 | 35 |_55 -20 12 150 | 10273:2007 [passqH| 1.8867 [35 | 55 12 ‘Table B.2-5 — General requirements for prevention of brittle fracture with reference thickness B.2.2.3Ni-alloyed steels (Ni> 1,5 %) for forgings Forgings No. | European] Grade [Material | Max ref. Design | Material | Remarks asper | Standard No. thickness | reference | group to Table es temperatur | CEN ISO/CR B21 aw |pwit| —e 15608:2000 TCC) 367_| EN 10222- [13MnNi6-3 | 1.6217 | 35_| 70 = 60 oA, 369 | _3:1998 | 1sniMné | 1.6228 | 35 | 50 = 80 94 378 _| EN 10222- | p285QH | 1.0478 |" 35_| 85 = 20 12 380| 41998 |—p3ssqH [1.0571 | 35 | 60 =20 12 382 pazogH | 1.8936 | 35] 50 =20 31 ‘Table B.2-6 lists Ni alloyed steels up to and including 5% Nickel taken from harmonised European material standards. Table B.2-7 lists Ni alloyed steels with 9 % Nickel taken from harmonised European material standards. ‘The tabulated value of Ta is based on the impact test temperature Tew for KV=27 J. 24.BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E} Issue 1 (2021-05) Table B.2-6 — General requirements for prevention of brittle fracture with reference thickness for Ni-alloyed steels with 1,5 % 0,75 o7sef/f>025 | f/fas025 <50 MPa Non welded or oc T.= 70-80 f/fa +50°C +50°C post-weld heat treated ec ee) As welded oc orc orc 40°C 4 Except for material group 9:1, 9.2 and 9.3, Tr shall not be lower than ~110 °C for ferrticand austenttle-eritic tees ‘The membrane stress shall take account of internal and external pressure and dead weight. For walls and pipes of heat ‘exchangers the restraint af ree end displacement ofthe heat exchanger pipes should also be taken into account, B23 Method 2 B2.3.1 General This method 2 applies toC, CMn, fine grain steels, Ni-alloyed steels with not more than 1,5 % Niand with a specified minimum yield strength < 500 MPa and to austenitic-ferritic steels with a specified minimum yield strength < 550 MPa, This method 2, based on fracture mechanics [16,32] can be used to determine the requirements to avoid brittle fracture in these steels, and may be used at a design reference temperature Tx which is lower than the design reference temperature Tr derived by method 1. In this procedure the design reference temperature Tx is not equal to the impact test temperature Tw. The diagrams show the relationship between Tx and Taw depending on reference thickness and material strength. Distinction is made for as-welded (AW) and post weld heat treated (PWHT) condition. This method does not apply to thermomechanically-rolled steels thicker than 35 mm, Two alternatives are provided in Tables B.2-13 and B.2-14 (Nomograms for reference thickness up to 35 mm in AW-condition and up to 110 mm in PWHT condition) and Table B.2-15 (For reference thickness up to 200 mm). For constructional details reference thickness exis defined in Table B.¢-1. ‘Table B.2~13 and B.2~14 show which figure shall be used to determine the impact test temperature Tv or the design reference temperature Tr, The condition “non-welded” shall be treated as the condition PWHT. Parent material, welds and HAZs shall meet the impact energy KV at impact test temperature Tix, ‘Table B.2-15 provides toughness requirements for components with thickness up to 200 mm in PWHT condition. The weld metal, the heat affected zones and other parts affected by manufacturing processes shall satisfy the same impact energy requirements as given in the table B.2-15 at Tr. If the impact energy KV requirement of 40 J instead of 27 J is used, then the impact test temperature Ty can be increased by 10 °C or 7a can be reduced by 10°C, 30 ‘ i i : i E i i | i iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN Peep erire Issue 1 (2021-05} NOTE Table B.2-15 complies with Method 2 basic principles and allows the use of pressure components with reference thickness en up to 200 mm thickness, when Nomograms of Method 2 do notapply anymore. However, the application of Table B.2-15 for lower thicknesses than 110 mm is not restricted, but will result in higher toughness requirements as can be derived from Figures B.2-1 to B.2-7 or Method 1. Linear interpolation between strength and thickness levels given in the Figures B.2-1 to B.2-11 is allowed. Alternatively the next higher strength class or wall thickness can be used. Lower test temperatures than Try are admissible for the same requirements ‘The temperature adjustment given in Table B.2-12 applies also to method 2. Extrapolations for temperature ranges beyond the temperature ranges as given in the nomograms are not permissible. Table B2-13 — Impact energy requirements for C, CMn, fine grain steels, Ni-alloyed steels with ‘not more than 1,5 % Ni Specified minimum yield Required impact energy KV| Figure defining required Tw Stengthofbasemateial | @N10mm 30mm | a bed posted ea aed esis ReS275 27 B21 B22 28355, 2 B23 B24 nas 460 40 B25 82-6 5500 40 B27 B20 Table B.2-14 — Impact energy requirements for austenitic-ferritic stainless steels Specified minimum yield strength of Required impact energy KV - igure defining required Tas base material (on 10 mm x 10 mm test pieces) es in forall applications S385 40 32-9 ReS465 40 B2-10 e550 40 B21 alloyed steels with not more than 1,5 % Ni ‘Table B.2-15 — Impact energy requirements for higher thickness for C, CMn, fine grain steels, Ni- of base material Specified minimum yield strength ‘Required impact energy KV (on 10x10 mm specimen) at Te ‘Maximum thickness MPa Irn = mesa7s 7 200 ia Re<355 7 40 70-200 a 5460 60 65-200 5500 60 60-200 34BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) B2.3.2 Procedure for base material less than 110 mm thick Tq values and Tky values shall be in accordance with Figures B.2-1 to B.2-11. The impact energy requirements are as specified in Tables B.2-13 and B.2-14. For PWHT nomograms and for wall thicknesses < 20 mm the curve for 20 mm shall be used. ‘The required energies for the sub-sized specimens are given in Table B3-1 B2.3.3 Nomograms for Method 2 Tr 40 275 MPa, PWHT 20—— year 20, 64 ° eg = 110 78 90 x ER 196 264 40 aa ae EZ 50: , a0 53,1 £0 E 30 “ 2 100 “2 °a0 60 “40 20 0 20 Tw Key Tr design reference temperature (°C) Ty material impact test temperature (*C) ‘eroference thickness (mm) Figure B.2-1 — METHOD 2; Design reference temperature and impact test temperature, post weld heat treated (PWHT) condition, for Re <275MPaandKV 27 J 32BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 i Issue 1 (2021-05) Key Te design reference temperature ‘ev material impact test temperature ‘ee reference thickness Figure B.2-2 — METHOD 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature as- welded (AW) condition, for R. s 265 MPa and KV> 27} 33ae ul BS EN 13445-2:2021 al EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Fi Issue 1 (2021-05) a ‘i Tr i “ 4 355 MPa, PWHT i ; 53 +t a “198 : sta fi -40 E— + u 30 a ff 20° rH |— : 80 100 0 “0 o 20° Tew Key Tr design reference temperature (°C) Tay material impact test temperature (°C) en reference thickness (mm) Figure B.2-3 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature, post weld heat treated (PWHT) condition, Res 355 MPa and KV>27 J 34BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 B Issue 1 (2021-05) 40; 20}. 388.MPa. AW... i “Ro ~80 Key Tx design reference temperature ‘Tev material impact test temperature ee reference thickness Figure B.2-4 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature as-welded (AW) condition, Res 355 MPa and KV2 27 35BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Tr! “0 460M, PT 20 — kraaos a. ° ons 10 09 [32 8 6 | 144 2» 50 ee 0 40 3 1 20° 0 20 -100 29 obi °e0 ‘s 20 ° 20 Tew Key Tx design reference temperature (°C) Tay material impact test temperature (°C) ‘ex reference thickness (mm) Figure B.2-5 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature, post weld heat treated (PWHT) con 36 jon, R. < 460 MPa and KV> 40) i i ff 5 i i a 2 g ; i 'BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445 2:2021 (1) issue 1 (2021-05} él 1 hi i Key Tr design reference temperature Ty material impact test temperature 1 reference thickness Figure B.2-6 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature as-welded (AW) condition, Rs 460 MPa and KV> 40) 37ag if BS EN 13445-2:2021 iE EN 13445-2:2021 (E) HA Issue 1 (2021-05) a i Tp I: 40 u 500 MPa, PWHT ii 20 20 KV =404 : 13 at es F] a4 ef ° pees " a 6 92 q a 8 i es Sos i 20 Hl 60 a 0 i 100 120, “80 60 40 20 0 20° ‘Tay Key Tr design reference temperature (*C) ‘Tev material impact test temperature (°C) ‘en reference thickness (mm) Figure B.2-7 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature, post weld heat treated (PWHT) condition, R < 500 MPa and KV> 40) 38BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 8 Issue 1 (2021-05) Key Tru design reference temperature Tey material impact test temperature reference thickness Figure B.2-8 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature as-welded (AW) condition, Re s 500 MPa and KV2 40} 39BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) 385.MPa, AW... a 100} “8p “80 “40 25 0 20 Key Te design reference temperature Ta material impact test temperature es reference thickness Figure B.2-9 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature for austenitic-ferritic steels, es 50 mm, Re= 385 MPa and KV>40J 40BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445,2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Key Tr design reference temperature Tey material impact test temperature ‘en reference thickness Figure B.2-10 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature for austenitic-ferritic steels, en < 50 mm, R.= 465 MPa and KV> 40 J a1BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) 550. MPa, AW. |. Key Ta design reference temperature ‘Tew material impact test temperature reference thickness Figure B.2-11 — Method 2: Design reference temperature and impact test temperature for austenitic-ferritic steels, ex < 50 mm, Re= 550 MPa and KV> 40) B24 Method 3 — Fracture mechanics analysis B24. General A fracture mechanics analysis may be used by the manufacturer as a basis for determining the suitability of particular vessels for their intended use for the following: a) materials not currently covered by harmonised European standards; b)_ those cases where the requirements of methods 1 and 2 for low temperature applications cannot be satisfied; ©) when imperfections which are outside the acceptance criteria for the non-destructive testing specified in EN 13445-5:2021 are detected; 42 i 5 3 | i i Hi ; i i i i iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 8 Issue 1 (2021-05) ) where itis proposed to use materials in thickness thicker than permitted by the low temperature requirements, NOTE Guidance on fracture mechanics analysis i given in publications [5] to {10} listed in the bibliography. Such analyses shall be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of B.2.4.2 to B.2.4.5. B.2.4.2 Fracture toughness properties shall be obtained in accordance with fracture toughness testing procedures using full-thickness single-edge notched-bend specimens or equivalent compact tension tests ‘with fatigue cracks located through thickness in the weld centre-line andl in parent material. Further test sampling of heat affected zone regions shall also be specified; particularly when fatigue or some other in-service crack growth mechanism may be significant. When HAZ tests are specified special considerations are necessary with regard to the placement of the notch and metallurgical sectioning subsequent to testing, B.2.4.3 For material not covered by the low temperature requirements of methods 1 or 2, a similar level of tolerance to fracture can be obtained by specifying fracture toughness requirements determined from the use of assessment procedures such as in [8] [9] with a reference defect size as determined by the manufacturer (e.g. a through wall flaw of total length equal to 10 mm, or a quarter wall thickness surface flaw with length six times its depth) and inputs of an equivalent stress (or strain) relating to the hydraulic test condition, for a defect in a region of stress concentration and subject to residual stresses equivalent to the room temperature yield strength of the base material for as welded components, or 30 96 of yield for post weld heat treated components. B244 _Ifnon-destructive testing methods are employed which allow accurate sizing of defects, these values, together with information on the stress state ofthe critical regions in the vessel, shall be used with appropriate fracture assessment procedures to specify more accurate toughness requirements than those specified by method 1 or 2, B24.5 For materials which are covered by the low temperature requirements for method 1 or 2, but where the Charpy impact energy requirements cannot be met, a fitness-for-purpose assessment using representative fracture toughness data and inspection requirements may be employed to determine the integrity ofthe vessel for its intended use, B3. General test requirements B31 General Where impact tests are required Charpy-V-notch tests shall be performed in accordance with EN ISO 148- 1:2010. The impact energy requirements shall be met in the base material, heat affected zone and weld metal. 43BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) ‘The specimen position shall be in accordance with the specifications in the technical delivery conditions of the product form for materials for pressure equipment. For welded joints the specimen position for ‘weld metal and HAZ shall be in accordance with EN 13445~4:2021. From each sample three specimens shall be tested for each of the required positions and material impact test temperature Tix. The mean value of the three specimens shall be at least equal to the impact energy requirement. Only one specimen may show a lower value, but this value shall not be less than 70 % of this requirement. ‘The required values for base material shall refer to the transverse direction. If geometry does not allow to extract specimen in the transverse direction the impact energy values shall be taken from tests in the longitudinal direction. The minimum impact energy requirements specified for transverse test pieces shall then be multiplied by the factor 1,5 for C, CMn, fine grained, low alloyed steels and high strength steels. B.3.2 Sub-sized specimens If sub-sized Charpy specimens shall be used, the measured value of the Charpy energy shall be proportionally converted to the reference specimen thickness of 10 mm. Table B.3~1 gives an example for 7,5 mm and 5 mm thick specimens. Where test pieces at least 5 mm wide cannot be obtained, the ‘material shall not be subject to impact testing. Table B.3~1 — Impact requirements for sub-sized Charpy-V-notched specimen if the base material is less than 10 mm thick Reference value ‘Sub sized specimen ‘Specimen geometry 10mm x 10 mm 10mm x75 mm 10 mm x5 mm ‘Minimum impact energy J 27 20 4 40 30 20 If full size Charpy specimen can not be extracted from components and welds sub-sized specimens shall be tested. To represent the behaviour ofa full thickness specimen a lower impact test temperature shall be applied. The temperature shifts shall be in accordance with Table B.3~2, Impact tests should be performed on the maximum thickness wl under consideration, can be extracted from the component 44BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (1 Issue 1 (2021-05) ‘Table B.3-2 — Equivalent impact energy requirements when sub-sized specimens are extracted from thicker sections Required inane sear Specimen geometry Sub-sized specimen requirement Ww wv Specimen geometry | Shiof impact test temperature 1 mm J mm Ec 20 75x10 Tw -5 eh some “4 50x10 Tw-20 30 75x10 Tw -5 ne a 20 5,010 Tw 20 20 75x10 4 50x10 Tw 15 30 75x10 20 50x10 Tw 15 4 50x10 = = = 20 50x10 = 7 = B4 Welds B4.1 General When materials are to be joined by welding, the choice of welding consumables and welding procedures shall ensure that in addition to the requirements of EN 13445-4:2021 the required impact energy properties are achieved in weld metal and heat affected zone regions, when tested in accordance with BB. ‘The required impact energy shall be at least equal to the specified minimum impact energy for the base metal, The requirements of method 1 or 2 shall be met. B.4.2. Welding procedure qualification Welding procedure qualification shall be performed in accordance with EN 13445-4:2021. B.4.3 Production test plates For ferritic and austenitic-ferritic steels weld production test plates shall be performed in accordance with EN 13445-4:2021, B.5 Materials for use at elevated temperatures B.5.1 General B.S applies for pressure equipment: — with design temperature for normal operation higher than 50 °C and where 45BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) — material temperature at start up, shut down and at possible process upsets is not lower than ~10°C and — startup and shut down procedure is under controlled conditions as given in B.S.4and — conditions for pressure test as specified in B.5.5 are fulfilled IFany of these requirements is not satisfied the methods for low temperature materials shall be applied. NOTE The limitation regarcling start-up and shut-down, process upsets and pressure test are not applicable to austenitic stainless steels, B.5.2 Materials Materials shall have a specified minimum impact energy measured on a standard Charpy-V-notch impact test specimen (see EN ISO 148-1:2010) as follows: — 227) for ferrtic steels and 1,5 % to 5 % Nialloy steels; — 240] for steels of material group 8, 9.3 and 10 ata temperature not higher than 20°C. B.5.3 Welding procedure qualification and production test plates Welding procedure qualification shall be performed in accordance with EN 13445-4:2021. ‘The weld production test plate shall be performed in accordance with EN 13445-4:2021. B.5.4. Start up and shut down procedure To avoid brittle fracture occurrence of pressure equipment made of ferritic or austenitic-ferritic steels during start-up and shut-down procedures, the pressure shall not exceed 50 % of the design pressure at temperatures lower than 20°C. ‘This start-up and shut-down procedure need not to be considered, if the evaluation of the specified ‘minimum impact values against method 2 allows design pressures at lower temperatures. B.5.5 Pressure test Hydrostatic pressure test of pressure vessels made of ferritic or austenitic-ferritic steels shall not be carried out at material temperatures lower than 10°C. ‘This temperature limitation needs notto be considered, ifthe evaluation of the specified minimum impact, values against method 2 allows design pressures at lower temperatures.BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 8 Issue 1 (2021-05) ‘Table B.4-1 — Reference thickness en as-welded (AW) Reference thickness hit | os cacean rc al ores enced EY) Part A ‘Weld Part B T | buswaed componensat beeen | Tel) 5 e Oe ear ea arabes Li, t PWHT en en es [esc annioea aw & ie a L ; ‘ corsstssfl ccs 7. a 3 or. e20res, LI ay ™ ifthicker a F Y nr Ce ettrrtmeal 4 sein aw «| idee fe PWHT e ores em 47BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Table B4-1 — Reference thickness ¢s (continued) as-welded (AW) Reference thickness No. Construction detail lor post weld heat reared (EWE: Part A ‘Weld PartB 5 a . Ifthicker . e20res, PwHT a hence e aw ea a ore Ie ifthicker ore/4, ifthicker ie necessary , check es in pwat a @ pay B24, ; L es0r e*/4, ow * ” ifthicker , 8 etore/4, iFthicker a if necessary check es in S pwat e e Figures 48 |— Reference thickness ex (continued) BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 Issue 1 (2021-( J3} NOTE ermay be measured radially if that gives an advantage asieled (AW) heerence hens Wo. constrain dt arpa at rected EWE) Part A Weld Part B | siren and peng | | exorer/4,it | esorer/4,it AW: thicker thicker ® vant < NOTE ey maybe measured rad i ticker | eike that veoh age : i L WN ! a exore/4it | esorer/4if | aw | ce | er Bhs cere [nora wir a NOTE ermay be measured radially if thicker thicker tht ah ava | 10 Forged or cast welding neck flanges © ryt chen a | Figures aw te |e : a exorei/4, ea ea ifthicker 7 - 49BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Table B.4-1 — Reference thickness es (continued) as-welded (AW) Reference thickness No. Construction detall or post weld heat treated (PWHT) | pare A Weld PartB 11 [Padetype flanges 4 check ei/4 in tees Figures a oe, Sn aN Bee i . B24, 4 B2-6, B28 ‘ exore/4, Pwr ifthicker a e NOTE er may be measured radially if that gives an advantage 12 | Flatends r i: _ eftores, a i! : Iehicker s 3 ex/Aoren eo us i. if thicker 13 wor check e/4,in - Figures aw a a B2-2, 4 B24, a B2-6, ZL B28 = ABY eres, sain & exore/4, een, = * iFthicker 50BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN remota re issue 1 (2021-05} Table B4-1 — Reference thickness ex (continued) as-welded (AW) Reference thickness Wo Construction detail of post weld heat rested WHT) Part A Weld Part B 14 [Covers and bind anges A aw es = ae AM is i 1 PWHT edt - - 15 [Tube plates AW [na] (na {n.aJ aera PwHT: eff (nad | tnad 16 ‘ e(/4 oF ex, au ifthicker 7 _ eptoren a ifthicker * m 51BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Table B.4-1 — Reference thickness es (continued) as-welded (AW) No, Construction detail or post weld heat treated (PWHT) Reference thickness Part A Weld Part B 17 | Welded into sheli/channet aw cheek e/4 in Figures B2-2, B24, B2-6, B28 erore/if thicker e-F} +} PwHT exorey/4, thicker exore/4if thicker 16 | Forged tube plate with stubs aw sey Sain cheek ey/4 in Figures B2-2, B24, B2-6, 82-88) Le § pwur mu ed/4ore, ifthicker 19 8 TBS eI, Sin, ® i aw ifthicker ‘check e/4 in Figures B2-2, B24, 22-6, 2-8 © fe) PwHT e/tores ifthicker (e) (e) 52BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 Issue 1 (2021- Table B.4-1 — Reference thickness en (continued) J3} as-welded (AW) Reference thickness No. Construction detall or post weld heat rented (EWEN) | part Weld Part 20 | Tube-to-ube plate connection AW [nal @ a 8 pwr b a a NOTE Nore 2 [na] means “not applicable” e1,ezand es refer to the nominal thickness ofthe various components shown in the figures. * ‘The minimum test temperature ofthe two conditions: x (AW), es (PWHT or non-welded) shal be taken. Reference thickness of part Ais unaffected by this connection «For welding neck langes and sip on flanges according to EN 1092-1:2018, & shall be as given in EN 1092-1:2018, 53BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Annex C (informative) Procedure for determination of the weld creep strength reduction factor (WCSRF) ‘The WCSRF will be taken as 1 when all the following conditions are fulfilled by the steel manufacturer: C1 _ Stress rupture tests on weldments made on specimens of the same steel products as used in the vessel and which are comparable as regards consumable shall be carried out according to the European Creep Collaborative Committee (E.C.C.C.) Recommendations (18). C2 Two test temperatures shall be selected within a range of +/-30°C about the mean design temperature. At each of these temperatures, creep tests shall be carried out at stresses selected to give durations up to 1/3 of the creep design life (typically 1.000 h, 3 000 h, 10000 h, 30 000 h, 60.000 h, 100 000 h, etc). It has to be shown that the lower limit of the achieved creep values of the welded joint are not lower than the lower accepted scatter band (~20 %) of specified mean values ofthe creep strength of the base material according to the materials standard. However if the failure is located in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), extrapolation is not allowed without further testing at longer times showing no further apparent decrease. In this case extrapolation may be made by a factor equivalent to the factor showing stabilised conditions used in these longer tests. €3__ When no cracking in the HAZ has been found in the tests prescribed above, an additional set of tests at a higher temperature shall be made with the value of the Larson Miller Parameter (LMP) equal to or greater than thatat the extrapolation point. This testing shall be made to confirm that the location of the failure does not change from the base material to HAZ. The temperature shall ideally be no more than ‘50 °C greater than the higher temperature test in C.2 (in order to avoid an unacceptable modification of the microstructure). The stress shall lead to a minimum testing time of 10 kh. The temperature and testing time shall be selected so that the creep Time Temperature Parameter (TTP) eg. Larson Miller Parameter (LMP) in these tests is at least the value at the extrapolation point (time and temperature). A imum of 3 samples shall be tested. The fracture location of the creep specimens shall be checked by microscopic examination. C4 If fracture location of the creep specimens in C.3 is within the base material, the WCSRF may be taken as unity for a time equal to the time achieved in the tests in C.2 multiplied by a maximum of 3. C5 When the creep strength properties of cross weld specimens fall below the minimum value given in the scatter band a specific weld reduction factor can be used based on the ratio of the average value of the creep strength compared to 80 % of the mean value of the base material. 54 3 i iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E} Issue 1 (2021-05} Annex D (informative) Technical delivery conditions for clad products for pressure purposes D.1_ Introductory note Until a European Standard for clad steel products for pressure purposes is available, the requirements for the technical delivery conditions of such products should form the basis for an agreement of the parties involved, D.2_ Requirements for the material For the material of clad products the relevant conditions of EN 13445-2:2021 should apply. In addition, where appropriate, requirements for impact tests of the kind described in D.4, item b, should be agreed at the time of enquiry and order D.3_ Requirements for the deposited material Clad steels should comply with the following general requirements. In the case of clad steels where the cladding has a lower degree of elasticity than that of the base metal, a tensile test on the cladding after the base has been removed should show an elongation after fracture As ofat least 12%. ‘The bond between the base and the cladding materials should be of such a nature that there is no delamination either in the course of manufacture or in service. Unless otherwise stipulated in the order, the shear strength of cladding with a tensile strength of less than 280 MPa should be more than half the minimum tensile strength of the cladding material and, forall other cladding materials, should not be less than 140 MPa, regardless of the direction of testing. ‘The bonded area should cover at least 95 % of the entire surface and no single unbonded area should cover more than 50 cm®. In the case of clad steels which are highly stressed during manufacture (e.g. dished ends) or when in service (eg, tube plates), additional requirements imposed by the purchaser (operator) can be necessary. ‘The cladding material should have a surface texture which corresponds to the cladding process and be of uniform thickness with tolerances not exceeding those given in Table D.3-1 ‘The permissible tolerances for the base material are given in the relevant dimensional standards for the various products, 55BS EN 13445-2:2021 Issue 1 (2021-05) Table D.3-1 — Limit deviations on thickness for clad 1g materials on clad steels Nominal thickness Limit deviations on thickness“ ‘mm mm 10 =0,10 1s ~0a5 20 =020 25 025 30) =035 35 =045 40 050 45 =050 25.0 =050 4 Deviations from the values inthis table are subject to special agreement. For intermediate thicknesses the Limit deviation indicated for the next smallest thickness in the table applies. D.4 Qualification of the cladding procedure Before commencing production, suitable cladding conditions should be verified by cladding procedure qualification tests, including welding procedure tests for weld overlay, if applicable, These conditions should be carefully observed when cladding the products in the plant. ‘The cladding procedure qualification tests should normally compris a) tensile tests in accordance with EN [SO 6892-1:2009; b)_Charpy-V-notch impact tests in accordance with EN ISO 148- test pieces taken from the cladded base material so that 10 at the temperature specified for — one side of the test piece coincides with the bonded area between the base and deposited material; — the longitudinal direction of the test piece is transverse to the direction of rolling; and — the axis of the notch is perpendicular to the next surface of the base material (see Figure D.5-1, item a); ©) bend tests on test pieces which, as shown in Figure D.5-2 cover the bonded zone and are bent in a direction parallel to the bounding zone; d)_ the examination of the hardness, micro- and macrostructure and chemical composition in the transition zone; 56 i 2 i it i : 5 t é i } iBS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E} Issue 1 (2021-05) e) shear tests on shear specimens; ) inspection of surface quality and conformity to dimensions; 8) ultrasonic testing of the bond between the base material and the cladding D.5_ Production tests Intervals samples of the base material clad under the same conditions as the products should be tested at consistent intervals during production. The types of tests to be carried out and the requirements to be complied with should be agreed on the basis of the results of the cladding procedure qualification tests, specified in D.4 and practical experience. a) shear test specimen b) tensile testspecimen c) side bend test specimen d) notched bar impact bend test specimen e) material 1) cladding material Figure D.5-1 — Position of test pieces 57BS EN 13445-2:2021 EN 13445-2:2021 (E) Issue 1 (2021-05) Dimensions of specimen: ‘Thickness: ¢ width: Length: Angle: 58 6 10mm thickness of finished product, but not greater than 80 mm (base and cladding material) If finished product is over 80 mm thick the base material may be removed. not less than 130 mm 90° Figure D.5-2 — Arrangement of bend tests for clad products8 Ss cenreer cade ene eS aT 3 wean | encore = = = weOTNa = = Tame ay AS = erzorna | _ereorna_| = = =| ereorna = eraaT Na Ba Zz : i? oe oe 7 = S ‘seq palo} z Fezeaiim' | Tecoma created | omnia rear | aaa a ‘¥-ESZOT NI ‘Z-ESZOL 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