A B S T R A C T I O N

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

• What is abstraction?

• Need

• Creating abstract classes and methods

• Rules and Restrictions

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W H AT I S A B ST R AC T I O N ?

• Hiding complex, low-level details with a simpler, high-level layer

• The process of hiding certain details and showing only essential

information to the user.

What does it mean?

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ABSTRACTION
simplified representations of objects

Abstract Abstract
Classes Methods

focus on what they do, rather than how they do it

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ABSTRACT CLASSES

• A class whose object cannot be created

• It can only be inherited

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ABSTRACT METHODS

• Methods whose signature has been provided, but no

implementation for that method is given
• Method without a meaningful or incomplete
implementation
abstract void setInfo();
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ABSTRACT METHODS

Any class which contains an abstract method MUST also be

abstract
abstract class Person{

abstract void setInfo();

}
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ABSTRACT METHODS

Contract: The Sub-class of the abstract class must implement all

abstract methods in parent
abstract class Person{
abstract void setInfo();
}

public class Student extends Person

public class Teacher extends Person {
{
void setInfo(){
void setInfo(){
}
}
}
}
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ABSTRACT METHODS

• An abstract class can extend abstract class A{

abstract void setValue();
another abstract class }
abstract class B extends A{
• Last sub-class should not be //some code
}
abstract
class C extends B
• The last sub-class MUST
{
implement remaining abstract void setValue() {
}
methods }
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ABSTRACT CLASSES

• Can include abstract and non-abstract (concrete) methods

• Abstract methods are declared without an implementation, while

concrete methods have actual code implementation.
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CONCLUSION
• Abstraction: lets you use objects in a way that hides the details you don't need to
know, making it easier to work with complex systems and allowing you to focus on
the important aspects of your code
• Abstract Classes:
– classes that cannot be instantiated directly
– serve as blueprints or templates for creating concrete (non-abstract) subclasses

• Abstract Methods:
– declared without a method body
– Subclasses must provide implementations for all abstract methods.