SIT Internal

Inheritance
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Learning outcomes

• What is Inheritance
• Definition and code application
• Impact on Constructors
• Impact of Visibility modifiers
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What is inheritance?

a class reuses the properties and behaviors of another

class or specifies new implementation

What does it mean?

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Let’s look at an example

Vehicle
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Let’s look at another example

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What is inheritance?

• Grouping together common actions and attributes of an object

into a separate parent group

• Extracting common methods and attributes from classes into a

parent class
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What is inheritance?
• Derive a new class from an existing one

• Allows classes to use properties and behaviors from other

classes
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What is inheritance? ClothingItem

- brand
- size
- color
• Derive a new class from an
existing one
Shirt
• Allows classes to use properties -
-
sleeveLength
collorType
Pants
- waistSize
and behaviors from other classes. - inSeamLength
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Retail Store using OOPs

Shirt Pants
- brand -brand
- size - size
- color - color
- sleeveLength - waistSize
- collorType - inSeamLength
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Retail Store using OOPs

ClothingItem

Shirt Pants
- brand - brand
- size - size
- color - color
- sleeveLength - waistSize
- collorType - inSeamLength
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Hierarchy of classes
ClothingItem
- brand Base class/Parent Class
- size
- color

Shirt
Pants
- sleeveLength
- collorType - waistSize
- inSeamLength

Derived class/Sub Class

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Vehicle
Root class
- fuel

Hierarchy of Classes
- noOfTires
+ drive()

• Inverted tree Truck Car Motorcycle

• Any number of levels.

Limousine Sedan
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Inheritance: Constructors
• Constructors are not inherited, even though they have public visibility

• parent's constructor are used to set up the "parent's part" of the object

• The first line of a child’s constructor should use the reference to call the
parent’s constructor
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Inheritance: Constructors
The super reference can be used

• To invoke the parent's constructor

• Reference other variables and methods defined in the parent’s

class
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Inheritance: Access Modifiers

Private Protected Public
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class Vehicle{ class Car extends Vehicle{

public String color;
private int wheels; Car(){
super();
Vehicle(){
color = "red";
wheels = 4; }
Car(String color){
} this.color = color;
}
Vehicle(int wheels){ Car (String color, int wheels){
super(wheels);
this.wheels = wheels; this.color = color;
}
}
public void displayParentInfo(){
public int getWheels(){ super.print();
int a = super.wheels;
return wheels; }
}
}

The field Vehicle.wheels is not visible

public void setWheels(int wheels){

this.wheels = wheels;

public void print(){

System.out.println("Wheels: "+wheels);

}
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class Vehicle{ class Car extends Vehicle{

public String color;
public or protected int wheels; Car(){
super();
Vehicle(){
color = "red";
wheels = 4; }
Car(String color){
} this.color = color;
}
Vehicle(int wheels){ Car (String color, int wheels){
super(wheels);
this.wheels = wheels; this.color = color;
}
}
public void displayParentInfo(){
public int getWheels(){ super.print();
int a = super.wheels;
return wheels; }
}
}

No error
public void setWheels(int wheels){

this.wheels = wheels;

public void print(){

System.out.println("Wheels: "+wheels);

}
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class Vehicle{ class Car extends Vehicle{

public String color;
private int wheels; Car(){
super();
Vehicle(){
color = "red";
wheels = 4; }
Car(String color){
} this.color = color;
}
Vehicle(int wheels){ Car (String color, int wheels){
super(wheels);
this.wheels = wheels; this.color = color;
}
}
public void displayParentInfo(){
public int getWheels(){ super.print();
int a = super.getwheels();
return wheels; }
}
}

public void setWheels(int wheels){

this.wheels = wheels;

public void print(){

System.out.println("Wheels: "+wheels);

}
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class Vehicle{ class Car extends Vehicle{

public String color;
public or protected int wheels; Car(){
super();
Vehicle(){
color = "red";
wheels = 4; }
Car(String color){
} this.color = color;
}
Vehicle(int wheels){ Car (String color, int wheels){
super(wheels);
this.wheels = wheels; this.color = color;
}
}
public void displayParentInfo(){
public int getWheels(){ super.print();
int a = super.wheels;
return wheels; }
}
}

public void setWheels(int wheels){

public static void main(String args[]) {
this.wheels = wheels;
Car cr = new Car("blue",5);
} cr.displayParentInfo();
public void print(){ }
System.out.println("Wheels: "+wheels);

} Output:
}
Wheels: 5
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Visibility Modifiers
Modifier Class Subclass Package World

private

protected

public
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Conclude
• Derive a new class from an existing one allowing classes to inherit properties and behaviors from
other classes.
• It can also extend the functionality of the base class by adding new methods or fields to the child
class.
• It enables the creation of a hierarchy of classes
• Constructors are not inherited, but they are implicitly called
• By using access modifiers, you can control the level of visibility