Variables:

• 𝑥𝑖𝑗𝑘 = Quantity of waste type i processed using option j to produce product

k.
• 𝑧𝑗 = Binary decision variable indicating whether processing option j is used
or not (if 𝑋𝑖1 is used then 𝑍1 = 1)

• 𝑦𝑘 = Quantity of by-product k produced from waste processing.

Sets:

• 𝑆𝑘 : set of waste types related to product k

• 𝑁𝑘 : set of processes related to product k

Constants:

• 𝑐𝑖𝑗 = Cost of processing unit weight of waste type i using processing option j
to produce product k.
• 𝑓𝑗 = Fixed operational costs associated with processing option j.
• 𝑝𝑘 = Market price per unit of by-product k
• 𝐷𝑘 = Market demand for by-product k.
• 𝑒𝑗 = Environmental impact of using processing option j (grams of CO2 per
Kwh)

• 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑗 = Capacity of processing option j.

• 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 = Maximum allowable total environmental impact.
• 𝑊𝑖 : Waste type i utilization Factor.
• 𝐺𝑖 : Amount of waste generated from Waste type i.
• M: a sufficiently large number representing an upper bound on 𝑥𝑖𝑗 that
would only be relevant if 𝑧𝑗 = 1.
• 𝑢𝑗 : Process j utilization factor
• ℎ𝑖𝑗 : a binary Indicator function to make sure waste i can be processed using
processes j
Objective function:
𝑚 𝑛 𝑜 𝑛

𝐶 = ∑ ∑ ∑( 𝑐𝑖𝑗 ∗ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 ) + ∑(𝑓𝑗 ∗ 𝑧𝑗 )

𝑖=1 𝑗=1 𝑘=1 𝑗=1

𝑉 = ∑(𝑝𝑘 ∗ 𝑦𝑘 )
𝑘=1

𝑚 𝑛

𝐸 = ∑ ∑(𝑒𝑗 ∗ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 )

𝑖=1 𝑗=1

𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝑾 = [𝒂 ∗ 𝑪] + [𝛃 ∗ (−𝐕)] + [𝛄 ∗ 𝐄 ]

Constraints:
𝑚

∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 ≤ 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑗 , ∀𝑗

𝑖=1

𝑦𝑘 ≤ 𝐷𝑘 , ∀𝑘
𝑚 𝑛

∑ ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 ∗ 𝑒𝑗 ≤ 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑖=1 𝑗=1

∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 ≤ 𝑊𝑖 ∗ 𝐺𝑖 , ∀𝑖
𝑖=1

∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 ≤ 𝑀 ∗ 𝑧𝑗 , ∀𝑗
𝑖

𝑚 𝑛

𝑦𝑘 = ∑ ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑗 ∗ 𝑢𝑗 ∗ ℎ𝑖𝑗 , ∀𝑘
𝑖=𝑆𝑘 𝑗=𝑁𝑘

ℎ𝑖𝑗 ∈ {0,1}
𝑥𝑖𝑗 ≥ 0 , 𝑦𝑘 ≥ 0 , 𝑧𝑖𝑗 ∈ {0,1}