CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ

TRẠNG TỪ (COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVE

AND ADVERB)
1.So sánh bằng với tính từ và trạng từ
✓ Cấu trúc:
S + V + as + adj/adv + as + ...
Ví dụ:
- She is as tall as I am = She is as tall as me. (Cô ấy cao bằng tôi.)
- He runs as quickly as I do = He runs as quickly as me. (Anh ấy chạy nhanh như tôi.)
- Your dress is as long as my dress = Your dress is as long as mine. (Váy của bạn dài bằng
váy của tôi.)

2.So sánh hơn với tính từ và trạng từ.

a. So sánh hon với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn:
✓ Cấu trúc:
S + be/ V + adj/ adv-er + than + ...
Ví dụ:
- This book is thicker than that one. (Cuốn sách này dày hơn cuốn sách kia.)
- They work harder than I do. = They work harder than me. (Họ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn tôi.)

b. So sánh hơn với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài:

✓ Cấu trúc:
S1 + more + adj/ adv + than + ...
Ví dụ:
- He is more intelligent than I am. = He is more intelligent than me. (Anh ấy thông minh
hơn tôi.)
- My friend did the test more carefully than I did. = My friend did the test more carefully
than me. (Bạn tôi làm bài kiểm tra cẩn thận hơn tôi.)

3.So sánh nhất với tính từ và trạng từ.

+ So sánh hơn nhất với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn:

✓ Cấu trúc:
S + V + the + adj-est/ adv-est
Ví dụ:
- It is the darkest time in my life. (Đó là khoảng thời gian tăm tối nhất trong cuộc đời tôi.)
- He runs the fastest in my class. (Anh ấy chạy nhanh nhất lớp tôi.)

+ So sánh hơn nhất đối với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài:

✓ Cấu trúc:
S + V + the most + adj/ adv
Ví dụ:
- She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever met. (Cô ấy là cô gái xinh nhất mà tôi từng gặp.)
- He drives the most carelessly among US. (Anh ấy lái xe ẩu nhất trong số chúng tôi.)
 ➢ Chú ý:
+ Một số tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng có tận cùng là “y, le, ow, er” khi sử dụng ở so sánh hơn
hay so sánh hơn nhất ta áp dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn.
Tính từ So sánh hơn So sánh hơn nhất
happy happier the happiest
simple simpler the simplest
narrow narrower the narrowest
clever cleverer the cleverest

Ví dụ:
- Now they are happier than they were before. (Bây giờ họ hạnh phúc hơn trước kia.)
Ta thấy “happy” là một tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng khi sử dụng so sánh hơn, ta sử dụng cấu
trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn.
+ Một số tính từ và trạng từ bất quy tắc.
Tính từ/ Trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh hơn nhất
good/well better the best
bad/ badly worse the worst
much/ many more the most
a little/ little less the least
far farther/ further the farthest/ furthest

TÓM LẠI:
Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets.
1. This chair is (comfortable) than that one.
2. You flat is (large) than mine.
3. The weather today is (hot) than it was yesterday.
4. The Nile is (long) river in the world.
5. Chinese bicycles are (bad) than Japanese ones.
6. Mathematics is (difficult) than English.
7. Ho Chi Minh is (big) city in Vietnam.
8. He drives (carefully) than his friend.
9. She sings (beautifully) in this school.
10. I read (slow) than my sister.

Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets.
1. Grace is (old) girl in our class.
2. This exercise is (easy) than that one.
3. He is twice (fat) you.
4. Nam is (noisy) student of all.
5. My cold is (good) today than it was yesterday.
6. A new house is (expensive) . than an old one.
7. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well) .
8. Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow.
9. Today English is (international) of languages.
10. John is (strong) as I thought.

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answers.

1. Hotels have developed restaurants.
A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly as C. as rapid as D. more rapid
2. Can Tho bridge is the one in the South of Vietnam.
A. long B. shortest C. longest D. longer
3. Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were those of Gelileo and
Newton.
A. important than B. more important C. the most important D. as
important as
4. Impalas cannot move as cheetahs but they are more efficient runners.
A. faster than B. fast as C. fast D. are fast as
5. Of the two shirts, this one is .
A. the prettiest B. the most pretty C. prettier D. the prettier
6. The test is not .
A. as difficult as it was last month B. so difficult as it was last month
B. C. more difficult as it was last month D. Both A and B are correct.

7. Peter cannot earn his wife.

A. as many money as
C. as many more than
8. Of the five students, Mary is
A. more intelligent
C. most intelligent
9. Steel is than wood.
A. more heavy B. as heavy
heavier
10. A supermarket is
A. less convenient as
C. not so convenient than
B. as much money as
D. as much money than
.
B. the more intelligent
D. the most intelligent
C. heavier D. more
a shopping center.
B. less convenient than
D. the most convenient as
Exercise 4: Choose the correct answers.
1. Tim's grades are than John.
A. worse B. worst C. as bad D. so bad
2. Ms. Jones isn’t as nice Ms. Smith.
A. as B. for C. like D. to
3. The rooms in Graduate Towers are Patterson Hall.
A. larger than B. larger than that of
C. larger than those in D. larger than in
4. Tuition at an American university runs six thousand dollars a semester.
A. so high as B. as high to C. as high as D. as high than
5. Everyone looks much today than they did yesterday.
A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. happier
6. Mr. Brown receives a salary than anyone else in the company.
A. big B. more bigger C. bigger D. the bigger
7. The Boeing 747 is twice the Boeing 707.
A. bigger than B. as bigger as C. as big as D. more bigger
than
8. “Do you know that beautiful lady over there?” “Yes, that’s Maria. She’s in her
group.”
A. more beautiful than any girl B. more beautiful than any other girl
C. so beautiful as other girl D. beautiful more than another girl
9. My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was my mother.
A. more big than B. so big than C. as big as D. too big than
10. Dianna is the of the three sisters.
A. more short B. shorter C. shortest D. more short
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning, beginning as available.
1. My kitchen is smaller than yours.
➔ Your kitchen________________________________________________________________

2. No one in the class is taller than Dave.

➔ Dave is________________________________________________________________

3. Mum doesn’t speak English as well as Dad.

➔ Dad________________________________________________________________

4. Lan is better cook than Hoa.

➔ Hoa can’t________________________________________________________________

5. No restaurant in the city is better than that one.

➔ That restaurant is________________________________________________________________

6. This watch is worse than that one.

➔ That watch________________________________________________________________

7. My sister writes more carefully than she did.

➔ My sister________________________________________________________________

8. This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read.
➔ This is the________________________________________________________________

9. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever known.

➔ I’ve never________________________________________________________________

10. Peter does not drive so carefully as Tom.

➔ Tom________________________________________________________________
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning, beginning as available.
1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today it’s only six degrees.
➔ It is________________________________________________________________
2. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
➔ It takes________________________________________________________________
3. We were very busy at work today. We are not as busy as that every day.
➔ We________________________________________________________________
4. Jane cooks better than her sister.
➔ Jane’s________________________________________________________________
5. Tom is the best football player in this team.
➔ Nobody in this team________________________________________________________________
6. They understand more than we do.
➔ We________________________________________________________________
7. It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French.
➔ To speak________________________________________________________________
8. My interview lasted longer than yours.
➔ Your interview________________________________________________________________
9. When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than 1 do now.
➔ Now________________________________________________________________
10. Your coffee is not as good as mine.
➔ My coffee________________________________________________________________

Exercise 7: Underline the mistake in each sentence.

1. Richard feels good than several days ago.
2. Mary and Daisy are both intelligent students. Mary is so intelligent as Daisy.
3. I found the conversation as most interesting and I was glad to practice my English.
4. The Caspian Sea, a salt lake, is largest than any other lakes in the world.
5. He drives the car more dangerous than his brother does.
6. It was the most biggest building that I had ever seen.
7. I wish my house were so large as John’s.
8. The Mekong is one of the longer rivers in the world.
9. She can play the piano more good than her sister.
10. Many people believe that New York is the most great city in America.
Exercise 8: Underline the mistake in each sentence.
1. Jessica is only an amateur, but she sings well than most professionals.

2. This house is more spacious as that white house I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota last
year.Lan is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.
3. This telephone isn’t as cheap so the other one, but it work much better.
4. Stories are the most good way of teaching moral lessons to young people.
5. This exercise is much more easier than the others.
6. London is much more exciting as I expected.
7. That brown chair is most comfortable than this one.
8. Lan is the most pretty of all the girls.
9. Does your country have worse weather as this?
 A. BÀI KIỂM TRA ĐÁNH GIÁ NĂNG LỰC

I. Choose the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1. She speaks English as .................. as her friend does.
A. good B. well C. better D. the best
Question 2. It’s .................. to go by bus than by car.
A. cheaper B. cheapest C. more cheap D. more cheaper
Question 3. The test is not .................. difficult .................. it was last year.
A. as / as B. so / as
C. more / as D. A and B are correct
Question 4. He works more ...................than she does.
A. slow B. slowly C. slowest D. most slowly
Question 5. This hotel must be .................. in this city.
A. expensive B. more expensive
C. the most expensive D. the more expensive
Question 6. This river is .................. than that river.
A. narrow B. narrowest C. narrower D. most narrow
Question 7. Did you know your English teacher and your mother are the same ................. ?
A. age B. oldness C. old D. older
Question 8. This hotel was .................. that one we had stayed at before.
A. more expensive than B. more expensive as
C. most expensive than D. better expensive than
Question 9. Today is the...................day of the month.
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hottest than
Question 10. Her illness is................... than we thought at first.
A. bad B. worst C. badly D. worse
II. Fill in the correct form of the adjectives in brackets (comparative or superlative).
Question 11. This chair is than the old one. (comfortable)
Question 12. Trains are than planes. (slow)
Question 13. I bought the car I could afford. (expensive)
Question 14. In this classroom there are girls than boys. (many)
Question 15. Ann is the child in the family. (young)
Question 16. That TV set is the of all. (cheap)
Question 17. This place is than that one. (safe)
Question 18. Lisa is than Kate. (pretty)
Question 19. This is the film I have ever seen. (exciting)
Question 20. Tom is than Peter. (talented)
III. Complete the sentences with the correct comparative form of the words from the box.
bad - important - crowded - high - heavy - difficult - expensive - easy - thin - cold
Question 21. In Canada, January is than February.
Question 22. I think that good health is than money.
Question 23. I can’t carry my suitcase. It’s than yours.
Question 24. A car is than a bike.
Question 25. You look than the last time I saw you. Have you lost weight?
Question 26. I couldn’t get a seat in the restaurant. It was than usual.
Question 27. Mountains are than hills.
Question 28. He got good marks in the exam. The exam was than he had expected.
Question 29. I think you should go to the doctor. Your cold is than it was a few days ago.
Question 30. I don’t understand this lesson. It is than I think.
 First Conditional Exercise

Put the verb into the correct first conditional form.

1. If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the cinema.

2. If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.
3. If we __________________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we __________________
(see) each other next week.
4. If he __________________ (come), I __________________ (be) surprised.
5. If we __________________ (wait) here, we __________________ (be) late.
6. If we __________________ (go) on holiday this summer, we __________________ (go)
to Spain.
7. If the weather __________________ (not / improve), we __________________ (not /
have) a picnic.
8. If I __________________ (not / go) to bed early, I __________________ (be) tired
tomorrow.
9. If we __________________ (eat) all this cake, we __________________ (feel) sick.
10. If you __________________ (not / want) to go out, I __________________ (cook)
dinner at home.
11. I __________________ (come) early if you __________________ (want).
12. They __________________ (go) to the party if they __________________ (be) invited.
13. She __________________ (stay) in London if she __________________ (get) a job.
14. He __________________ (not / get) a better job if he __________________ (not / pass)
that exam.
15. I __________________ (buy) a new dress if I __________________ (have) enough
money.
16. She __________________ (cook) dinner if you __________________ (go) to the
supermarket.
17. They __________________ (go) on holiday if they __________________ (have) time.
18. We __________________ (be) late if we __________________ (not / hurry).
19. She __________________ (take) a taxi if it __________________ (rain).
20. I __________________ (not / go) if you __________________ (not / come) with me.

1 © www.perfect-english-grammar.com
May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
 CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED
Có 3 cách phát âm đuôi ed trong tiếng Anh như sau: /id/, /t/, /d/

1. Đuôi ed được phát âm/đọc là /id/ khi động từ kết thúc bằng âm /t/ hoặc /d/.

Ví dụ

Từ vựng Phát âm

decided /dɪˈsaɪdid/

UK /stɑːtid/
started
US /stɑːrtid/

Lưu ý: Khi động tự được sử dụng như tính từ, đuôi “-ed” dù đứng sau âm gì cũng sẽ được phát
âm là /ɪd/.

2. Đuôi ed được phát âm/đọc là /t/ khi động từ có phát âm cuối là /s/, /f/,
/p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/, /θ/.

Ví dụ

Từ vựng Phiên âm

Looked /lʊkt/

kissed /kɪst/

matched /mætʃt/

washed /wɑːʃt/

UK /lɑːft/
laughed
US /læft/

breathed /breθt/

helped /helpt/
3. Đuôi ed được phát âm/đọc là /d/ với các trường hợp còn lại.

Ví dụ:

Từ vựng Phiên âm

played /pleɪd/

learned /lɜːnd/

damaged /ˈdæm.ɪdʒd/

used /juːzd/

*Cách phát âm/đọc đuôi ed bất quy tắc cho trường hợp đặc biệt

Một số cách phát âm ed sẽ không tuân theo quy tắc như trong 3 trường hợp trên. Một số ví dụ
cụ thể:

 naked (adj) /ˈneɪkɪd/: khỏa thân

 wicked (adj) /ˈwɪkɪd/: gian trá
 beloved (adj) /bɪˈlʌvd/ hoặc /bɪˈlʌvɪd/: yêu quý
 sacred (adj) /ˈseɪkrɪd/: thiêng liêng
 hatred (adj) /ˈheɪtrɪd/: căm ghét
 wretched (adj) /ˈretʃɪd/: khốn khổ
 rugged (adj) /ˈrʌɡɪd/: lởm chởm, gồ ghề
 ragged (adj) /ˈræɡɪd/: rách rưới, tả tơi
 dogged (adj) /ˈdɒɡɪd/: kiên cường
 learned (adj) /ˈlɜːnɪd/
 learned (v) /lɜːnd/
 blessed (adj) /ˈblesɪd/: may mắn
 blessed (v) /ˈblest/: ban phước lành
 cursed (v) /kɜːst/: nguyền rủa
 cursed (adj) /ˈkɜːsɪd/: đáng ghét
 crabbed (adj) /ˈkræbɪd/: chữ nhỏ, khó đọc
  crabbed (v) /kræbd/: càu nhàu, gắt gỏng
 crooked (adj) /ˈkrʊkɪd/: xoắn, quanh co
 crooked (V) /ˈkrʊkt/: lừa đảo
 used (adj) /juːst/: quen
 used (v) /juːsd/: sử dụng
 aged (adj) /ˈeɪdʒɪd/: lớn tuổi

_________________________

PRACTICE
In terms of linguistics, Nurita, W. (2013) published a thesis titled “A Stylistic-Pragmatic
Analysis of Figurative Language in Harper’s Bazaar Magazine Advertisement”. And a brief
analysis of the Stylistic Features of English for Business contracts was carried out by Zhu, J.
(2011). Similarly, at Danang University of Foreign Language Studies, there were many
undergraduates who examined linguistics features over the past few years. For instance, Dang,
N.T.Q. (2018) did the research on stylistic devices and pragmatic features of online customer
reviews for hospitality services in English.

She focused on identifying and analyzing the common structures used in online customer
reviews. Another study on linguistic features of linking words in International Sale Contracts
was conducted by Ngo, P.K.A. (2016). She mainly investigated the characteristics of linking
words in terms of form, syntax, and semantics. Le, P.H.A. (2019) had research on stylistic
devices of English online promotions of tourist destinations in Vietnam.

Nevertheless, there is no study found which refers to stylistic devices and pragmatic features of
online recruitment notice in English. That is the principal reason why I decided to carry out this
research with a view to assisting people working in the HR department develop job
advertisement writing skills.
 Top 100 Most Used Verbs in American English

ord

ord

ord
thi rd

thi rd

thi rd
lea is wo

lea is wo

lea is wo
sw

sw

sw
no d

kno rd

kno rd
h

h
or
wt

wt

wt
rn

rn

rn
o

o
sw

sw

sw
thi

thi

thi
k
to

to

to
I

I
ow

ow

ow
ink

ink

ink
ed

ed

ed
I ne

I ne

I ne
I kn

I kn

I kn
I th

I th

I th
1. be 35. keep 69. understand
2. have 36. let 70. watch
3. do 37. begin 71. follow
4. say 38. seem 72. stop
5. go 39. help 73. create
6. can 40. talk 74. speak
7. get 41. turn 75. read
8. would 42. start 76. allow
9. make 43. might 77. add
10. know 44. show 78. spend
11. will 45. hear 79. grow
12. think 46. play 80. open
13. take 47. run 81. walk
14. see 48. move 82. win
15. come 49. like 83. offer
16. could 50. live 84. remember
17. want 51. believe 85. love
18. look 52. hold 86. consider
19. use 53. bring 87. appear
20. find 54. happen 88. buy
21. give 55. must 89. wait
22. tell 56. write 90. serve
23. work 57. provide 91. die
24. may 58. sit 92. send
25. should 59. stand 93. expect
26. call 60. lose 94. build
27. try 61. pay 95. stay
28. ask 62. meet 96. fall
29. need 63. include 97. cut
30. feel 64. continue 98. reach
31. become 65. set 99. kill
32. leave 66. learn 100. remain
33. put 67. change
34. mean 68. lead
 Top 100 Most Used Adjectives in American English

ord

ord

ord
thi rd

thi rd

thi rd
lea is wo

lea is wo

lea is wo
sw

sw

sw
no d

kno rd

kno rd
h

h
or
wt

wt

wt
rn

rn

rn
o

o
sw

sw

sw
thi

thi

thi
k
to

to

to
I

I
ow

ow

ow
ink

ink

ink
ed

ed

ed
I ne

I ne

I ne
I kn

I kn

I kn
I th

I th

I th
1. other 35. major 69. natural
2. new 36. better 70. significant
3. good 37. economic 71. similar
4. high 38. strong 72. hot
5. old 39. possible 73. dead
6. great 40. whole 74. central
7. big 41. free 75. happy
8. American 42. military 76. serious
9. small 43. true 77. ready
10. large 44. federal 78. simple
11. national 45. international 79. left
12. young 46. full 80. physical
13. different 47. special 81. general
14. black 48. easy 82. environmental
15. long 49. clear 83. financial
16. little 50. recent 84. blue
17. important 51. certain 85. democratic
18. political 52. personal 86. dark
19. bad 53. open 87. various
20. white 54. red 88. entire
21. real 55. difficult 89. close
22. best 56. available 90. legal
23. right 57. likely 91. religious
24. social 58. short 92. cold
25. only 59. single 93. final
26. public 60. medical 94. main
27. sure 61. current 95. green
28. low 62. wrong 96. nice
29. early 63. private 97. huge
30. able 64. past 98. popular
31. human 65. foreign 99. traditional
32. local 66. fine 100. cultural
33. late 67. common
34. hard 68. poor
 Top 100 Most Used Nouns in American English

ord

ord

ord
ord

ord

ord
sw

sw

sw
sw

sw

sw
thi

thi

thi
thi

thi

thi
ord

ord

ord
rn

rn

rn
ow

ow

ow
sw

sw

sw
lea

lea

lea
I kn

I kn

I kn
thi

thi

thi
to

to

to
ow

ow

ow
ink

ink

ink
ed

ed

ed
I ne

I ne

I ne
I kn

I kn

I kn
I th

I th

I th
1. time 35. room 69. president
2. year 36. mother 70. team
3. people 37. area 71. minute
4. way 38. money 72. idea
5. day 39. story 73. kid
6. man 40. fact 74. body
7. thing 41. month 75. information
8. woman 42. lot 76. back
9. life 43. right 77. parent
10. child 44. study 78. face
11. world 45. book 79. others
12. school 46. eye 80. level
13. state 47. job 81. office
14. family 48. word 82. door
15. student 49. business 83. health
16. group 50. issue 84. person
17. country 51. side 85. art
18. problem 52. kind 86. war
19. hand 53. head 87. history
20. part 54. house 88. party
21. place 55. service 89. result
22. case 56. friend 90. change
23. week 57. father 91. morning
24. company 58. power 92. reason
25. system 59. hour 93. research
26. program 60. game 94. girl
27. question 61. line 95. guy
28. work 62. end 96. moment
29. government 63. member 97. air
30. number 64. law 98. teacher
31. night 65. car 99. force
32. point 66. city 100. Education
33. home 67. community
34. water 68. name
 Top 100 Most Used Adverbs & Prepositions in American English

ord

ord

ord
ord

ord

ord
sw

sw

sw
sw

sw

sw
thi

thi

thi
thi

thi

thi
ord

ord

ord
rn

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ow

ow

ow
sw

sw

sw
lea

lea

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I kn

I kn

I kn
thi

thi

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1. up 35. today 69. either
2. so 36. all 70. quite
3. out 37. far 71. simply
4. just 38. long 72. nearly
5. now 39. away 73. soon
6. how 40. yet 74. certainly
7. then 41. often 75. quickly
8. more 42. ever 76. not
9. also 43. however 77. recently
10. here 44. almost 78. before
11. well 45. later 79. usually
12. only 46. much 80. thus
13. very 47. once 81. exactly
14. even 48. least 82. hard
15. back 49. ago 83. particularly
16. there 50. together 84. pretty
17. down 51. around 85. forward
18. still 52. already 86. ok
19. in 53. enough 87. clearly
20. as 54. both 88. indeed
21. to 55. maybe 89. rather
22. when 56. actually 90. that
23. never 57. probably 91. tonight
24. really 58. home 92. close
25. most 59. of course 93. suddenly
26. on 60. perhaps 94. best
27. why 61. little 95. instead
28. about 62. else 96. ahead
29. over 63. sometimes 97. fast
30. again 64. finally 98. alone
31. where 65. less 99. eventually
32. right 66. better 100. directly
33. off 67. early
34. always 68. especially