What is Firmware?

Firmware is a microcode or program that is embedded into the memory of hardware devices to
help them operate. It enables hardware like cameras, mobile phones, network cards, optical
drives, printers, routers, scanners, and television remotes to function smoothly.

What is VPN?

A VPN, or virtual private network, is a cybersecurity tool that creates a secure connection
between a device and a remote server, encrypting data and masking IP addresses. This allows
users to hide their identity, browsing activity, and location, and to safely transmit data over
public networks. VPNs are often used in corporate environments to prevent unauthorized
people from eavesdropping on traffic.

ANTI VIRUS

Antivirus software is a security program that scans, detects, prevents, and removes viruses and
other malware from devices, such as computers and networks. Once installed, antivirus
software often runs automatically in the background to provide real-time protection against
virus attacks. Antivirus software protects devices from viruses that can: Destroy data, Slow
down or crash devices, and Allow spammers to send email through accounts.

What is Fire Wall?

A firewall is a network security device that controls what data can pass through ports between a
computer or network and another network, like the internet. Firewalls are the first line of
defense against cyber attacks. They monitor and filter incoming and outgoing traffic based on
an organization's security policies, and selectively block or allow data packets.

CMOS :

CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, and it's a type of technology

used in computer processors, memory chips, and other electronic components. CMOS is a
battery-powered memory chip that stores initialization data for a device, which the BIOS uses
to turn on the device during bootup. CMOS is also used to store hardware configuration settings
and keep a record of the date and time the computer is switched off.

BIOS :

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, and it's a program that's stored on a computer's
motherboard and starts the computer system after it's powered on. It also manages data flow
between the computer's operating system (OS) and attached devices, such as the hard disk,
video adapter, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
BIOS setup allows you to make changes to your computer's hardware, such as:

Changing the boot order

Changing system voltages
Changing the date and time
Changing CPU settings
Enabling or disabling POST
Changing the power button function

To set up BIOS, you can:

Turn off your computer or restart it

Wait for the message similar to "entering setup" to come
Wait for the message "Press Key to enter BIOS Setup"
Press the specified key as early as possible
Process Complete

There are two main types of BIOS:

Legacy BIOS: Used in older motherboards to turn on the computer.

Modern BIOS: Available in all modern computer motherboards.

BSOD :

BSOD, or Blue Screen of Death, is a critical error screen that appears on Microsoft Windows
and ReactOS operating systems when a fatal system error occurs. It's also known as a blue
screen error, blue screen, fatal error, bugcheck, or stop error.

HDD :
A hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device that stores data on magnetic disks inside a
metal or plastic casing with multiple platters. HDDs are the main storage device in desktop and
laptop computers, and are also used in mobile devices, consumer electronics, and enterprise
storage.

SSD :

SSD stands for solid-state drive, which is a storage device that uses flash memory to store
data. SSDs are faster, smaller, and lighter than hard disk drives (HDDs) because they don't have
moving parts. They are also quieter and more durable.

CONFIGURATION :
A computer's configuration is the arrangement of its hardware and software, as well as the
devices attached to it, its capacity, and what it's made up of. It can also refer to the process of
arranging the parts that make up a whole.
IP :

IP address stands for “Internet Protocol address.” The Internet Protocol is a set of rules for
communication over the internet, such as sending mail, streaming video, or connecting to a
website. An IP address identifies a network or device on the internet.

What is Primary Memory?

Primary memory is the internal memory of a computer system. It stores and retrieves data,
instructions, and information. The CPU directly and randomly accesses primary memory; hence
primary memory is also referred to as Random Access Memory or RAM. It is a volatile
memory and loses data and instructions when the power turns off.

What is Secondary Memory?

Secondary memory is a storage device that the CPU cannot access directly. It is a permanent
storage device.
The CPU accesses these devices through an input/output channel. The data first transfers to
primary from secondary storage before its assessment. Modern computers often use hard drives
and optical storage devices (CDs, DVDs) as secondary storage devices.

CAUSE OF BSOD :

The BSOD can be triggered by software problems, such as incompatible driver updates, or
hardware problems, like a hard drive that needs formatting or overheating caused by
overclocking your CPU.

WHAT IS WinRE (Window Recovery)

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) is a built-in tool that helps you recover your
system when it can't be booted. You can use WinRE to troubleshoot and repair common causes
of unbootable operating systems. For example, you can use WinRE to run commands if your
Windows operating system fails to start or restarts unexpectedly. The system may be unable to
start because of disk corruption, corrupted or missing system files, or pending actions from the
installation of an update.

VIRTUALIZATION

Virtualization is a software-based technology that creates a virtual representation of physical

machines, such as storage, networks, servers, and applications. This virtual software mimics the
functions of physical hardware, allowing multiple virtual machines to run simultaneously on a
single physical machine.

VIRTUAL DRIVES
A virtual drive is a software component that mimics a physical disk drive, such as a hard disk
drive, optical disc drive, or floppy disk drive. It acts like a computer within a computer, but
with storage instead of processing power. Virtual drives are often attached to virtual machines
(VMs) and function as their data or system drives.

IDRAC

The Integrated Dell Remote Access Controller (iDRAC) is a hardware and software solution
that allows IT administrators to manage Dell PowerEdge servers remotely and locally. It's a
baseboard management controller (BMC) that's built into the servers.

RAID

RAID is an acronym for "Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks". When interpreted literally, it
means storing information across an array of relatively low cost hard disk drives (HDDs). It is
generally considered to be "Technology that combines numbers of such inexpensive HDDs into
a single HDD."

BOOT

In computing, booting is the process of starting a computer and loading an operating system
(OS) into the computer's main memory or RAM. The OS is the program that allows software
applications and hardware to work together. The booting process begins when the computer is
turned on and ends when the OS is loaded into the memory.