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Perawatan Luka Kaki Diabetik
Perawatan Luka Kaki Diabetik
I. IDENTITAS
1. NamA : ESTER INUNG SYLVIA, Ns., M.Kep., Sp.MB., CWCC
2. Tempat/ Lahir : PATI, 08 FEBRUARI 1971
3. Alamat : Jl. Bandeng V No. 24 Palangka Raya
4. Telepon : 081349 114040
5. E-mail : esterinung@yahoo.co.id
II. AKTIVITAS
1. Pengajar di Poltekkes Kemenkes Palangka Raya
2. Praktisi Perawat Luka di Praktik Mandiri “HOMY CARE”, Jl. Bandeng V No. 24 P. Raya
3. Kegiatan di DPW PPNI Kalimantan Tengah Bidang Diklat
III. PELATIHAN
1. Diabetes Educator Course Tk. Basic
2. Diabetes Educator Course Tk. Advanced
3. Course on Primary Diabetic Healthcare
4. Certified Wound Care Clinician Program (Program Spesialis Perawat Luka)
5. Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi
6. Perawatan Kamar Bedah
7. BTCLS
8. Penyusunan Kurikulum Diploma IV Keperawatan, Kekhususan Diabetes Melitus.
Kasongan, 29 April 2017
LUKA KAKI DIABETIK
Disampaikan Pada
“One Day Seminar Update
Kasongan, 29 April 2017
Epidemiologi Luka Kaki Diabetes
• Prevalensi faktor resiko LKD di rumah
sakit 55.4% (95% CI: 53.7-57,0%) (Yusuf
et al., 2015).
• Prevalensi LKD:
– Di Rumah sakit 12% (95% CI: 10.3-13.6%).
– Di Home care 26%(Yusuf et al., 2015).
• Observasi selama satu tahun; sembuh (64.7%),
berulang (17.6%), meninggal (11.8%), tidak
sembuh (5.9%) (Baharia et al., 2014)
1. Yusuf, S., Okuwa, M., Irwan, M., Rassa, S., Laitung, B., Thalib, A., … Sugama, J. (2015). Prevalence and risk factor diabetic
foot ulcers: A cross sectional study among DM type 2 in eastern Indonesia. OWM Journal.
2. Yusuf, S., Kasim, S., Okuwa, M., & Sugama, J. (2013). Development of an enterostomal therapy nurse outpatient wound clinic
in Indonesia : a retrospective descriptive study. Wound Practice and Research, 21(1), 41–47.
3. Baharia Laitung, Muhammad Irwan, Saiful Rassa, Sukmawati, Saldy Yusuf. One year recurrence incidence and risk factors of
Kasongan, 29 April 2017
diabetic foot ulcer in Makassar, eastern Indonesia (pre eliminary study). 1st WOC Scientific Meeting, Yogyakarta 2014.
Gambaran Perawatan Luka Kaki Diabetes
32.1 %
26.8 %
23.2 %
14.3
3.6
Sukmawati, Baharia Laitung, Muhammad Irwan, Saiful Rassa, Saldy Yusuf. To whom we pay 5
wound care?, 1st WOC Scientific Meeting, Yogyakarta 2015
Hiperglikemia
Neuropati Angiopati
CHARCHOT
Edukasi
Pengenda
Perencana
lian Gula an Makan
Darah
Ulkus
Kaki
Perawatan Latihan
Luka Jasmani
Intervensi
Farmakologi
Pengkajian Luka Kaki Diabetes
DERAJAT LUKA KAKI DIABETIK
1. Wagner 0 : Pre Ulcerative
2. Wagner 1 : Superficial
3. Wagner 2 : Full Thickness (tendon)
4. Wagner 3 : Deep with osteomyelitis.
5. Wagner 4 : Partial foot gangrene.
6. Wagner 5 : Whole foot gangrene.
International, W. International Best Practice Guideline: Wound Management in Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2013).
BAGAIMANA MENGETAHUI ETIOLOGI?
NEUROPATHY ANGIOPATHY
Avery, D. A. C. L., Lavery, L. A., Peters, E. J. G., Williams, J. R., Murdoch, D. P., Hudson, A., & LAvery, D. C. (2008). Reevaluating the Way We
Classify the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes care, 31, 154–156. doi:10.2337/dc07-1302.Abbreviations
Evaluasi Proses Penyembuhan Luka
New Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale
1. Depth.
2. Size.
3. Size Score.
4. Inflammation/infection.
5. Proportion granulation tissue.
6. Necrotic tissue (type, proportion necrotic,
proportion slough).
7. Maceration
8. Types wound edge.
.
9. Tunneling
Depth
1 epidermis
S 2 dermis
C
O
R 3 hypodermis
E
Multiple ulcers, depth
4 tendon is Deepest
5 Fascia/muscle/bones
Goal: Turn Back Skin
Size
1. None
2. Signs of inflammation
(e.g.,warmth, erythema,
S swelling, pain)
C 3. Signs of local infection
O (e.g., induration, pus,
R foul odor)
E 4. Osteomyelitis
5. Osteomyelitis and signs
of local infection Bone Exposed consider
6. Systemic infection
(fever, sepsis)
osteomyelitis
Proportion of granulation tissue
0. None (healing) Granulation tissue reflect healing status
1. 76-100%
2. 51-75%
Protect granulation
3. 26-50%
4. 11-25%
5. < 10% Alginate
Necrotic Tissue: Type
1. None
Necrotic tissue = Dead Tissue
2. <10%
3. 11-25%
4. 26-50%
Remove necrotic Increase granulation tissue
5. 51-75%
6. 76-100%
Necrotic Tissue: Proportion of slough
1. None
2. < 10%
3. 11-25%
4. 26-50%
5. 51-75 %
6. 76-100%
1. None
2. < 2 cm
3. 2 cm - < 4 cm
4. 4 cm - < 8 cm
5. ≥ 8 cm
Optimize Wound Care
Masalah luka saat pertama kali datang
9
TIME CONCEPT
EWMA merekomendasikan:
1. Debridement secara berkala dan radikal.
2. Inspeksi dan kontrol bakteri.
3. Moisture balance untuk mencegah maserasi.
Keast, D. H., Bowering, C. K., Evans, a W., Mackean, G. L., Burrows, C., & D‟Souza, L. (2003). MEASURE: A proposed assessment framework for developing
best practice recommendations for wound assessment. Wound Repair and Regeneration : Official Publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the11
European Tissue Repair Society, 12(3 Suppl), S1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.0123S1.x
Bagaimana Penatalaksaan
Luka Kaki Diabetik ??
1. Normal Saline
2. Chlorhexidine Gluconate
3. Centrimide (Savlon)
4. Hydrogen Peroxide
5. Povidone Iodine
6. Trisdine
7. Varidase Topical
8. Elase
9. Cadexomer Iodine Ointment
Teknik Pencucian Luka
1. Menggosok (swabbing ).
Luka kering (tidak/minimal mengeluarkan cairan) dg ditekan dan
digosok pelan pakai kasa steril yg dibasahi cairan pembersih luka.
2. Mengguyur (showering).
Luka terkontaminasi/ kotor.
.
Infection: Control!
Kemampuan bakteri untuk menghasilkan efek yang
merusak dipengaruhi oleh:
1. Kemampuan system imunitas pasien untuk menyerang
bakteri (host resistence).
2. Jumlah bakteri pada luka, semakin banyak bakteri akan
semakin beresiko.
3. Jenis bakteri pada luka (virulensi).
•
•
Infection: Control!
Tahapan Infeksi
Perluasan Infeksi
Kontaminasi Kolonisasi Infeksi lokal
infeksi sistemik
2 • FOAM
3 • ALGINATE
4 • ANTIMICROBIALS
5 • FILM
6 • HYDROGEL
Kasongan, 29 April 2017
Jenis Jenis Balutan (Topikal Terapi)
1. LOW ADHERENT
22
Wound Care Handbook 2012-2013, Journal of Wound Care
Jenis Jenis Balutan (Topikal Terapi)
2. FOAM
23
Wound Care Handbook 2012-2013, Journal of Wound Care
Jenis Jenis Balutan (Topikal Terapi)
3. ALGINATE
24
Wound Care Handbook 2012-2013, Journal of Wound Care
Jenis Jenis Balutan (Topikal Terapi)
4. Anti Microbial
25
Wound Care Handbook 2012-2013, Journal of Wound Care
Jenis Jenis Balutan (Topikal Terapi)
5. FILM
26
Wound Care Handbook 2012-2013, Journal of Wound Care
Jenis Jenis Balutan (Topikal Terapi)
6. Hydrogel
27
Wound Care Handbook 2012-2013, Journal of Wound Care