MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE

EXTENSION CAMPUS
Brgy. Pingit, Baler, Aurora
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
S.Y. 2023–2024
2nd semester

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND
HEALTH 4
Quarter 4 Module 1

Management of Outdoor
Recreational Activities

NAME OF LEARNER: ________________________________________________________________

Surname Name M.I.

STRAND, GRADE, SECTION __________________________________________________________

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 IV.

 What should one do when faced with a medical emergency situation?

Panic is the worst enemy of any emergency situation. It even makes a

bad situation worse, as this spreads to others as well. It does not allow one
to think. In fact, it is even hinders or interferes with the rational thinking and
causes confusion. So, the first thing to do in an emergency situation is to
stay calm. Then, try to remember and apply the DRSABC action plan or flow that is described
as follows:

DANGER – always check first the danger and source of injury. Make sure the surroundings are
D safe and out of danger, otherwise, you will also allow yourself to be a victim.

RRESPONSIVENESS – Can the casualty hear your voice? Can they open and close their eyes?
Are there any movements? Do they respond to touch?

S SEND – send for help or shout for help

A AIRWAY – is the person’s airway clear? If the person is not responding and is unconscious,
check airway by opening the mouth and having a look inside. Tilting the head back with the
chin facing up will clear an airway.

B BREATHING – make sure that the victim is breathing by looking at breathing signs, listening to
exhales, and feeling air coming out of the mouth or nose.

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) – if an adult is unconscious, no pulse, and not

C breathing, perform the CPR until the emergency personnel or medics arrive.

 How is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) administered?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that is administered when breathing and
heartbeat of a person stopped, such as during a heart attack and drowning.

CPR involves the CAB process that stands for compression (restoration of blood circulation), airway
(clearing of airway), and breathing (breathe for the person).

In administering first aid, it is important to know when to use CPR. If there is no breathing and no pulse
is felt, administer the CPR cycle – 30 compressions, then two breathes until help arrives. In administering CPR
or compression, the following must be done:

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 1. Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
2. Locate hand position for compression by drawing an imaginary line from armpit to center chest for hand
placement.
3. Place heel of one hand on the lower part of the breastbone.
4. Put other hand over the first, interlacing your fingers for support.
5. With straight arms and shoulder positioned over the victim’s chest, push down on the victim’s chest. For
adult victims, push it down for at least 2 inches or 5 cm deep.
6. Give 30 compressions in 18 seconds or less (rate of 100 compressions in one minute) and let chest
rise completely between compressions.
7. After 30 compressions, give two rescue breaths.
8. Repeat cycle until help arrives or when there are signs of movement.

In checking pulse of the victim, put two fingers on the center of the neck then slide fingers down to the
side of the victim’s neck up to the nudge between muscles. When pulse is felt but no signs of breathing,
administer one rescue breathing every five seconds and recheck pulse every two minutes. In rescue breathing,
do the following:

1. Gently tilt the victim’s forehead back with one hand.

2. Tilt the victim’s chin using the other hand; this will open the victim’s airway.
3. Pinch nose close then cover the victim’s mouth with your mouth. Blow life-giving air to the victim. Watch
for the chest rise; if it does not rise then reposition and perform the rescue breathing all over again.

FIRST AID OR COMMON EMERGENCIES IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

 COMMON INJURIES IN THE OUTDOORS

A. Cuts, scrapes, and punctures

Wounds, cuts, and lacerations can be caused anywhere from rock climbing, cutting self from a knife, and
stumbling.

To treat minor cuts, scrapes, and punctures:

 Clean cuts with soap and water then apply antibiotic cream then cover with sterile bandage and secure
using medical tape.
 If bleeding, apply direct pressure using clean cloth to injury.
 If wound is on the arm or leg, raise limb above the heart to help slow down bleeding.
 Do not apply tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe and does not stop even without direct pressure.

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 Severe bleeding or bleeding does not stop despite pressure.

 You suspect there is internal bleeding (inflammation and severe pain the area)
 There is an abdominal or chest wound.
 Blood spurts out of wound.

B. Sprains, strains, and fractures

Sprains are injuries that involve the stretching or tearing of the ligament. This usually occurs when a joint is
overextended from its usual range of motion.

Strain is the twisting or pulling of a muscle or tendon. This usually happens when a muscle is stretched and
suddenly contracts such as when one is running or jumping.

Fracture involves the breaking of a bone.

CATEGORIES OF SPRAIN AND STRAIN

Grade I categories may be treated with rest,
ACCORDING TO ITS SEVERITY
ice pack, compression, and elevation (RICE).
GRADE I category is mild that involves minor tearing 3
of a ligament or muscle.

GRADE II classification involves the partial tearing of

This means having the victim rest the injured or painful part, then applying ice pack, compressing or wrapping
with bandage or athletic tape, and finally elevating the injured area above heart level to minimize swelling.

Grade II injuries, however, may need further immobilization to hasten the healing process.

For fracture, immediately call medical help if the

following occurs:

 One suspects injury to the person’s

head, neck, or back.
 Bone is sticking out the skin.
 Bleeding does not stop after several
minutes of firm pressure
 Blood spurts from the wound.

While waiting for the medical help, do the

following first aid:

 Immobilize the area of the injury until help arrives or until the person us brought to the hospital.
 Make sure to clean and dress cuts before splinting.
 If bleeding, apply pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. If bone is pushing
through the skin, do not touch.
 Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, or a roled piece of
clothing with first aid tape. Avoid moving the injured limb and never force it or even try to twist it
back to place.
C. Concussions

Concussion is a traumatic brain injury that is often caused by a blow or bump to the head or body. Cuts
and bruises may be seen on the head or face. Some lose consciousness or forget what happened before the
injury; others do not.

 Treat cuts.
 Apply ice or compress if no ice is available.
 Rest until symptoms that need emergency action.
 Watch out for symptoms that need emergency action.

Call immediate help if the following occurs:

 One vomits repeatedly.

 The pupils become unequal.
 One looks agitated or confused.
 One is unconscious or passes out.
 One feels very drowsy
 There is pain in the neck after the fall or knocked out.
 There is slurred speech.
 One experiences seizure.

D. Blister

Blisters are a result of ill-fitting footwear. It is especially seen among hikers and trekkers. Blisters can be
painful and may cause discomfort. Treat blisters with the following:

 Place a piece of adhesive over affected area.

 Doughnut-shaped moleskin helps when blisters are at the bottom of foot.
 If blisters have popped, wash area with soap and water then put antibiotic cream.

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  If it is absolutely necessary, drain a blister with a sterilized needle into the side of the blister. Apply
with antibacterial solution and cover with gauze dressing and tape.

E. Burns or scalds

Burns or scalds are injuries on the skin caused by hot liquid or heat.

 If still on fire, stop burning immediately through the "stop, drop, and roll" method. Then remove the
flamed material from the person. However, if the clothing sticks to the skin, do not pull it out but cut
or tear around it.
 Take off constrictive clothing immediately (belts, jewelry, tight clothing) as burns can swell quickly.
 If first degree burn (top layer skin is affected)
 Put affected area under running water or immerse in co (not ice) water until pain subsides. If
no running water is available then apply compress.
 Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage, or clean cloth.
 Do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause infection.
 For second degree burn, (affecting top 2 layers of skin).
 Immerse in cool water for 10-15 minutes; apply compress if running water is not available.
 Do not apply ice, it can lower body temperature and may cause further damage.
 Do not break blister or apply butter of ointment causing infection.
 Protect burn with sterile, nonstick bandage, and secure with gauze of tape.
 To prevent shock, let the person lie flat and elevate feet fot about 12 inches high and elevate
burn area about heart level (if possible) and cover the person with coat or blanket.
 Wait for emergency personnel.

For burns, immediately call medical help if the following occurs:

 Burn penetrates all layers of skin

 Skin is charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches.
 Burn blister is larger than two inches or oozes
 Hands, feet, face, or genitals are burned.
 The person is an infant or a senior.

Burn classification

INTERDISCIPLINA
RY FOCUS

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