Additional Assignment

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Torque Converter
Name- Neeraj kamat Subject- Motor Vehicle Technology
Course- B.Voc(Auto) Roll no.- 2105231
Semester- 4th
What is The Torque Converter.
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A torque converter is a component found in automatic
transmissions that uses hydraulic fluid to transfer power
from the engine to the transmission.

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It is a type of fluid coupling that allows for smooth and
gradual engagement of the transmission and engine, while
also providing torque multiplication to help the vehicle
accelerate from a stop.
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 What are the components of a torque
converter and what are their functions?
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The three main components of a torque converter are the impeller, the
turbine, and the stator.
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Here are their functions:
1. It transfers the power from the engine to the transmission input shaft.
2. It drives the front pump of the transmission.
3. It isolates the engine from the load when the vehicle is stationary.
4. It multiplies the torque of the engine and transmits it to the transmission.
It almost doubles the output torque.

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 ●
Impeller
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The impeller is connected to the housing and the
housing connected to the engine shaft. It has curved
and angled vanes. It rotates with the engine speed
and consists of automatic transmission fluid. When it
rotates with the engine, the centrifugal force makes
the fluid move outward. The blades of the impeller
are designed in such a way that it directs the fluid
towards the turbine blades. It acts as a centrifugal
pump which sucks the fluid from the automatic
transmission and delivers it to the turbine.

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 Turbine
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The turbine is connected to the input shaft of the
automatic transmission. It also consists of curved
and angled blades. The blades of the turbine are
designed in such a way that it can change the
direction of the fluid completely that strikes on its
blades. It is the change in the direction of the fluid
that forces the blades to move in the direction of the
impeller. As the turbine rotates the input shaft of the
transmission also rotates and made the vehicle to
move.

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 Stator
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The stator is located in between the impeller and
turbine. The main function of the stator is to give
direction to the returning fluid from the turbine
so that the fluid enters the impeller in the
direction of its rotation. As the fluid enters in the
direction of the impeller, it multiplies the torque.
So stator helps in the torque multiplication by
changing the direction of the fluid and allows it
to enter in the direction of the impeller rotation.
The turbine is connected to the transmission
system of the vehicle. And the stator is placed in
between the impeller and turbine.
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Full Assembly

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 Torque Converter
1. Multiplies torque and transmits
power from the engine to the
transmission.
2. Includes a stator that redirects
fluid flow to increase torque
output.
3. More efficient due to torque
multiplication and ability to
include a lock-up clutch.
4. Can include a lock-up clutch that
connects the impeller and turbine
to improve efficiency.
VS Fluid Coupling
1. Transmits power from the engine
to the transmission.
2. Does not include a stator.
3. Less efficient due to slippage
between the impellers and lack of
lock-up clutch.
4. Does not have a lock-up clutch
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advantages and disadvantages of using a
torque converter
1. Provides better acceleration and low-
end power compared to a fluid coupling.
2. Provides smoother and more gradual
power delivery compared to a clutch-
based system.
3. Can include a lock-up clutch to
eliminate slippage and improve
efficiency.
4. Can handle a wide range of engine
speeds and loads without stalling.
5. Requires no input from the driver to
engage or disengage.
1. May cause more wear and tear on the
transmission due to higher torque
output.
2. May generate more heat, reducing
overall efficiency.
3. Lock-up clutch engagement may
cause harsh shifting or vibration.
4. Adds weight and complexity to the
transmission system.
5. May be less efficient than a manual
transmission due to slippage and
higher energy loss. 9
 How does the torque converter affect the
overall performance of a vehicle?
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Acceleration: The torque converter can multiply the engine's torque
output and provide a significant boost to acceleration, especially at low
speeds. This means that vehicles equipped with a torque converter can
often accelerate more quickly than vehicles with a manual transmission.
●
Low-speed drivability: Because the torque converter can multiply torque
output, it makes it easier to move a vehicle at low speeds, such as in stop-
and-go traffic or when starting from a standstill.
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Overall performance: The torque converter can have a significant impact
on the overall performance of a vehicle, affecting factors such as
acceleration, drivability, and fuel economy. Choosing the right torque
converter can help maximize a vehicle's performance and efficiency.
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What are the common problems that can
occur with a torque converter
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Impeller and turbine damage: Over time, the impeller and turbine inside
the torque converter can become worn or damaged due to heat and
friction.
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Fluid leaks: A torque converter can develop leaks over time due to wear
and tear or damage to the seals. Leaks can cause transmission fluid to
escape, which can lead to overheating and damage to the transmission.
●
Electrical problems: In some cases, electrical problems can cause issues
with the torque converter. Faulty wiring, sensors, or solenoids can cause
the torque converter to malfunction.
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Lock-up clutch failure: If the lock-up clutch fails, it can cause the
transmission to overheat, reduce fuel economy, and cause other issues.
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What are the different types of torque
converters
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Non-lockup torque converter: This is the most common type of torque
converter. It is designed to transmit torque from the engine to the
transmission through hydraulic fluid, without any mechanical connection
between the two.
●
Lockup torque converter: This type of torque converter has a mechanical
lockup clutch that engages at higher speeds, allowing for more efficient
transfer of power between the engine and the transmission. This can improve
fuel efficiency and reduce transmission heat.
●
Variable pitch torque converter: This type of torque converter has adjustable
vanes that can change the angle of the fluid flow, allowing for greater
efficiency and smoother operation. This type of torque converter is typically
found in high-performance or heavy-duty applications. 12