Studying Skull

SKULL

A complicated and essential component of the skeletal system of the human

body is the skull. It supports the sensory organs, protects the brain, and gives
the head structural stability, among other vital roles.
The cranium, which houses and shields the brain, and the mandible, or lower jaws, are the two primary components
of the skull, which are made up of several bones that fuse together.

CRANIUM

The portion of the skull that houses and shields the brain is called the
cranium. It is made up of many bones, such as the occipital, parietal,
temporal, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The fragile brain tissue is
protected and given structural support by the cranium.

OCCIPITAL BONE
The occipital bone is a cranial bone in the rear of the skull. It protects the back of the brain and serves as
attachment places for muscles, ligaments, and membranes. The occipital bone has two main features:
the foramen magnum, which allows the spinal cord to pass through, and the occipital condyles, which
create a joint with the first cervical vertebra. The occipital bone contains several holes and depressions
for blood arteries and nerves.

PARIETAL BONE

The parietal bones are a pair of flat and curving cranial bones that line the sides and top of the skull.
They make up the majority of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity, providing protection for the brain.
The parietal bones also act as attachment points for certain skull muscles, ligaments, and membranes. In
addition, they have grooves and depressions for blood vessels and dura mater attachment.

TEMPORAL BONE

The temporal bones are a pair of cranial bones that sit on the sides and base of the skull. They protect
the inner ear, help with hearing and balance, and serve as attachment points for jaw muscles. They also
help to shape the skull base and house vital blood vessel and nerve channels.

FRONTAL BONE

The forehead and upper portion of the eye sockets are formed by the frontal bone, which is situated at
the front of the skull. In addition to housing the frontal sinus, which lessens skull weight and improves
voice resonance, it shields the brain's frontal lobes. In addition to providing attachment points for the
muscles of the face and scalp, the frontal bone aids in the formation of the orbits.

SPHENOID BONE

At the base of the skull is a complicated cranial bone called the sphenoid bone. It joins the several bones
of the cranium and supports the pituitary, optic nerves, and brain. The pituitary gland is located in the
sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone. It also has nerve and blood vessel
openings and passageways, and it's where the muscles that move the jaw and neck attach.

ETHMOID BONE

The ethmoid bone is a delicate cranial bone that sits between the nasal cavity and the orbits. It helps to
build the nasal cavity, contains ethmoid air cells that lighten the skull and produce mucus, and plays a
function in scent. Nerves and blood arteries can also pass through the ethmoid bone.
MANDIBLE

The lower jaw, known as the mandible, is a U-shaped bone that forms the
lower part of the skull. It supports the lower teeth, aids in chewing and biting,
and helps in speaking. The mandible also houses the temporomandibular
joint, allowing for the movement of the jaw. It has attachment sites for
muscles involved in jaw movement and control.
NASAL BONE

The nasal bones are small, thin, rectangular-shaped bones located at the
bridge of the nose. They provide support, stability, and protection to the
nasal region. The nasal bones help maintain the shape of the nose and
contribute to its aesthetics.

ZYGOMATIC BONE

The zygomatic bones, also known as cheekbones, are facial bones that
provide support, protection, and shape to the face. They contribute to facial
symmetry, serve as attachment points for facial muscles, and help form the
orbits of the eyes.

MAXILLA

The maxilla is a paired bone forming the upper jaw and playing a crucial role
in facial structure. It supports the teeth, nasal cavity, and eye sockets, and
helps with chewing and facial expressions. Additionally, it contains maxillary
sinuses that produce mucus.

EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL

The external auditory canal, or ear canal, is a tube-like structure that

connects the outer ear to the middle ear. It conducts sound waves and is
lined with skin and glands that produce earwax for protection.

MASTOID PROCESS
The mastoid process is a bony projection located behind the ear in the
temporal bone. It serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments,
helps equalize air pressure in the middle ear, and provides protection for
structures within the ear.

STYLOID PROCESS

The styloid process is a slender bony projection that extends downward from
the temporal bone. It provides attachment points for muscles and ligaments
involved in neck and throat movements and stabilizes the hyoid bone.

VOMER BONE

The vomer bone is a thin, flat bone located in the middle of the nasal cavity.
It supports the structure of the nasal cavity, forms part of the nasal septum,
and helps regulate airflow during breathing.

PALATINE BONE

The palatine bone is an L-shaped bone that forms part of the hard palate
and the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity. It provides structural support for
the palate, contributes to the shape of the roof of the mouth, and plays a
role in the formation of the nasal cavity. The palatine bone also houses the
palatine tonsils.

Made by: Diana

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