NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 3
Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:

A Pitot-tube is used for measuring:

a. velocity of flow
b. pressure of flow
c. flow rate
d. total energy

Correct Answer: a. velocity of flow

Detailed Solution: A pitot tube, also known as pitot probe, is a flow measurement device used
to measure fluid flow velocity.

QUESTION 2:
A siphon used to empty a tank consists essentially of a pipe with its summit 2.5 m above the
water surface of the tank and its outlet at 3.5 m below the summit. Neglecting friction and other
losses, the velocity in the siphon is

a. 4.43 m/s
b. 5.42 m/s
c. 3.14 m/s
d. 3.81 m/s

Correct Answer: a. 4.43m/s

Detailed Solution:
 Head h= 3.5-2.5=1

Hence the velocity in the syphon = √2𝑔ℎ

= √2 𝑋 9.81 𝑋1 = 4.43 m/s

QUESTION 3:
Which of the following is an example of free vortex flow?
a. A whirlpool in a river
b. Flow of liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of a container
c. Flow of liquid around a circular bend in a pipe.
d. All of the above

Correct Answer: d. All of the above

QUESTION 4:
A fluid of viscosity 15 poise and specific gravity 1.3 is flowing through a circular pipe of diameter
150 mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is 260 N/m2. Find the pressure gradient in
N/m2 per m.

a. -2933
b. -4933
c. -5933
d. -6933

Correct Answer: d. -6933

Detailed Solution: Viscosity of fluid, µ = 15 poise = 15 Ns/m2

Specific gravity = 1.3
∴ Mass density, ρ = 1.3 × 1000 = 1300 kg/m3
Diameter of the pipe, D = 150 mm = 0.15 m
Maximum shear stress, τ0 = 260 N/m2
 𝜕𝑃
∴ The pressure gradient, 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑃 𝑅
We know that , τ0 = - X
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑃 (0.15/ 2)
260 = - 𝜕𝑥 𝑋 2
𝜕𝑃
– = - 6933 N/m2 per m
𝜕𝑥
QUESTION 5:

The dimensions of Kinetic energy correction factor (α) is

a. M0 L1 T0
b. M0 L1 T–2
c. M0 L0 T0
d. M1L2 T–2

Correct Answer: c. M0 L0 T0

Detailed Solution: Kinetic energy correction factor is basically defined as the ratio of kinetic
energy of the flow per second based on actual velocity across a section to the kinetic energy of
the flow per second based on average velocity across the same section.
Kinetic energy correction factor will be displayed by the symbol α and will be written
mathematically as mentioned here.
Kinetic energy correction factor, α = (K.E. per second based on actual velocity) / (K.E. per second
based on average velocity)
Hence, the dimensions are M0L0 T0

QUESTION 6:
The most essential feature of a turbulent flow is
a. high velocity
b. velocity at a point remains constant with time
c. large discharge
d. Velocity and pressure at a point exhibit irregular fluctuations of high frequency

Correct Answer: d. Velocity and pressure at a point exhibit irregular fluctuations of high frequency
Detailed Solution: The most essential feature of a turbulent flow is velocity and pressure at point
exhibit irregular fluctuations of high frequency.
 QUESTION 7:
For fully developed laminar flow through a circular pipe with Reynolds number Re the friction factor is
a. Proportional to Re
b. Proportional to square of Re
c. Independent of Re
d. Inversely proportional to Re

Correct Answer: d. inversely proportional to Re

Detailed Solution: The friction factor f for laminar flow through a circular pipe with Reynolds no is given by

64
f 
Re

For laminar flow, the friction factor is inversely proportional to Reynold's number.

QUESTION 8:
When a steady two-dimensional jet of water impinges on a stationary inclined plate, and if the
fluid friction is neglected, the resultant force on the plate is
e. tangential to the surface
f. normal to the surface
g. in the direction of jet flow
h. normal to the direction of the jet

Correct Answer: b. is normal to the surface

Detailed Solution: When a steady two-dimensional jet of water impinges on a stationary inclined
plate, and if the fluid friction is neglected, the resultant force on the plate is normal to the surface.
QUESTION 9:
The shear stress developed in a pipeline contatining water is 6 N/m2. What is the shear velocity in
the circular pipe (For water take ρ = 1000 kg/m3)?
a. 0.0516 m/s
b. 0.0632 m/s
c. 0.0774 m/s
d. 0.0732 m/s

Correct Answer: c. 0.0774 m/s

Detailed Solution: Shear stress developed, τ0 = 6 N/m2

Density of water, ρ = 1000 kg/m3

𝜏 6
Shear velocity is given by, uf = √ ρ0 =√1000 =0.0774 m/s

QUESTION 10:
The equations of motion for the laminar flow of a real fluid are known as

a. Euler’s equations
b. Bernoulli equation
c. Navier–Stokes equation
d. Hagen–Poiseuille equation

Correct Answer: c. Navier–Stokes equation

Detailed Solution: The equations of motion for the laminar flow of a real fluid are known as
Navier–Stokes equation
QUESTION 11:
Shear stress in turbulent flow is due to
a. the viscous property of fluid
b. the fluid density
c. fluctuations in the velocity in the direction of flow
d. fluctuations in the velocity in the direction of flow as well as transverse to it

Correct Answer: d. fluctuations in the velocity in the direction of flow as well as transverse to it

Detailed Solution: Shear stress in turbulent flow is due to fluctuations in the velocity in the
direction of flow as well as transverse to it.

QUESTION 12:
The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to
a. Sudden contraction
b. Friction
c. Gradual contraction or enlargement
d. Sudden enlargement

Correct Answer: b. Friction

Detailed Solution: The major loss of energy in long pipes is only due to friction.

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