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SOFT SKILLS AND INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS (SS & IS) – SYLLABUS

UNIT –I: Introduction and skills of listening

Definition –Nature and scope of soft skills

Importance of soft skills
Need for Soft skills in academic sections and workplaces
Listening Skills – A: Types of listening: Appreciative listening, Empathetic listening,
Comprehensive/Active listening, Critical/analytical listening
Importance of listening in academic and professional communication
Listening Skills –B: Listening and watching a variety of speakers and different
contexts – dialogues from TV/Radio/Ted talks/Podcasts/Lectures, YouTube videos,
and newspapers
Note-taking
UNIT-II: Skills of Speaking
Communication within Teams
Participation in Group Discussions (G.D)
Interview skills
Presentation skills
Leadership skills
UNIT - III: Skills of Reading for Communication
Effective reading: Sub skills of reading, Note making,

Reading different genres of tests ranging from newspapers to philosophical treatises

Reading strategies – Graphic organizers and Summarizing

UNIT- IV: Skills of Effective Writing

Writing types: Expository, Descriptive, Persuasive, and Narrative

Writing for different purposes: Publications, letters, memos,

E-mails and blogs, Reports, covering letters Resumes

UNIT-V: Specific Soft Skills

(i) Time Management (ii) Goal setting-Motivation, (iii) Stress Management

(iv) Learning styles and strategies (v) Emotional intelligence (vi) Creative and
critical thinking
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SOFT SKILLS AND INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS

UNIT 1

Definition –Nature and scope of soft skills

What Are Soft Skills?

A soft skill is a personal attribute that supports situational awareness and enhances
an individual's ability to get a job done. The term soft skills is often used as a
synonym for people skills or emotional intelligence.

Soft skills are essentially people skills- that determine one’s strengths as a leader,
listener, negotiator and conflict mediator.

Soft skills refer to both character traits and interpersonal skills that will influence
how well a person can work or interact with others. The term soft skills covers a
wide range of skills as diverse as teamwork, time management, empathy and
delegation.

They are essential for one’s success in the workplace, company’s success and
success in personal life.

Why are soft skills important?

We use soft skills everyday at work and developing these soft skills will help to win
more business and accelerate your career progression.

By developing strong leadership, delegation, teamwork, and communication abilities,

we can run projects more smoothly, deliver results that please everyone, and even
positively influence our personal life .

Outside of the office, soft skills such as communication are used to build friendship
groups and meet potential partners

Importance of soft skills in our professional and personal lives

1. Career progression and promotion

Recruiting professionals believe an employee with stronger soft skills has a better
chance of being promoted to a leadership position than an employee with more
years of experience but weaker soft skills."

It's become vital to develop these skills if you want to progress in your career as
they will set you apart from others at the interview and on the job.

2. The modern workplace is interpersonal

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Skills such as active listening, collaboration, presenting ideas and communicating

with colleagues are all highly valued in the modern workplace. Strong soft skills
ensure a productive, collaborative and healthy work environment, all crucial
attributes for organizations in an increasingly competitive world.

3. Customers and clients demand soft skills

The ability to communicate at a human level with customers is therefore a vital

factor in an organization’s success. So customer service is often what influences the
choice to use a particular business.

4. The future workplace will rely on soft skills

Automation and artificial intelligence will result in a greater proportion of jobs relying
on soft skills. Advances in technology have caused tasks that require hard skills to
decline, making soft skills a key differentiator in the workplace.

As the cost of robots decreases and the performance of artificial intelligence

improves, jobs such as manufacturing line workers will become automated.
Traditional skills like teamwork, communication and critical thinking will be more
important than ever.

5. Soft skills are hard to automate

Following on from the previous point, soft skills such as emotional intelligence are
hard to automate and unlikely to become automated anytime soon. This means
they're expected to become more desirable in the near future.

6. Soft skills are in high demand by recruiters

Soft skills are in high demand in the workforce

7. Increased productivity

Employees' efficiency in their tasks and responsibilities increases which will help
bring the company closer to achieving its goals.

8. Improved teamwork

For a business to function effectively people must work well together in order to
achieve a common goal. The quality of work improves when people use their
individual strengths and skills together in collaboration.

9.Improved retention rates

People want to work at a company that invests in employees' career development .

Also, recruitment costs for the company decrease with increased staff retention.
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Improved employee satisfaction - Investing in employees' shows them that they are
valued. Feeling appreciated and having a positive outlook of the company increases
job satisfaction.

10.Improved leadership

Soft skills help prepare employees for leadership positions because specific skills are
needed, such as, active listening, empathy etc. Attracts new clients - If your clients
are happy with your company’s service, they are more likely to recommend you to
other clients. This provides your company with new business opportunities.

Examples of soft skills that are essential traits among people:

Time management Creativity

Stress management Resourcefulness

Leadership triats Persuasion

Teamwork Openness to criticism

Career and life planning Critical thinking

Communication Decision-making

Problem-solving Organizational

Conflict management Adaptability

OUTCOMES OF SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

Oral communication skills

Students are able to communicate confidently and effectively with a range of

audiences, in a variety of modes or registers and settings, including persuasion,
argument and exposition, and they are able to make use of different support tools,
including visual, audio-visual and technological.

Interpersonal Skills

Students have the skills to be able to work effectively with a range of people in a
range of different contexts, including teams, where they can be effective members
and, if required, leaders,including organizing team roles and activities. Students are
open to the ideas of others. Students are capable of listening and understanding in a
range of contexts.
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Problem Solving Skills

Students are able to identify and define problems and through the use of skills of
analysis and critical evaluation plan an appropriate course of action and devise
solutions. Students are able to make judgments concerning different possible
solutions. They will be able to make use of creative and lateral thinking.

Organizational Skills

Students are able to set priorities, and anticipate potential problems or needs. They
are able to set and achieve targets in relation to both study and workplace tasks.
Students are able to manage their time effectively.

With these soft skills you can excel as a leader. Problem solving, delegating,
motivating, and team building are all much easier if you have good soft skills.

Importance of Soft Skills in the Workplace

1. Complement your hard skills

Your technical skills alone are not enough to help you get a job or excel in your
career. Employers judge your application partly based on your hard skills and partly
on how well you utilise your soft skills to complement your technical expertise. A
business development associate with unrivalled knowledge of their market and
product will find it difficult to win business deals if they lack strong communication
skills. So, it is important to use your soft skills to make your hard or technical skills
valuable.

To make your CV stand out, list all soft skills that may complement your hard skills.
For example, when you apply to a manager's role, mention creativity, active
listening, leadership and communication skills in the skills section of your CV.

2. Measure your teamwork capabilities

Regardless of the job role, you will have to work alongside others and as a part of a
team. Working well with clients, colleagues and team members allows you to
complete the task efficiently. Employers seek employees who can fit well in the
team's dynamic. So, they use your soft skills to measure your teamwork and
communication skills. To show that you are a team player, consider including soft
skills like active listening, adaptability and flexibility on your CV.

3. Showcase your desire to work long term

Employers prefer hiring candidates who want to work for the long term. When an
employee shows interest in working long-term with a company, it reflects in their
attitude and how they answer questions during the interview. Also, soft skills like
commitment and motivation show your desire to work with one employer for years.
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Often, employers use longevity as a criterion to decide between two candidates with
similar qualification and experience.

4. Improve your workplace productivity

Most soft skills contribute to increasing your performance and productivity at the
workplace. For instance, with excellent time management and communication skills,
you can manage your time effectively and clearly communicate your ideas to the
team members. This ensures the timely completion of work without compromising
quality. When hiring for a particular position, employers prefer candidates with
mastery of different soft skills as it helps in achieving a common business goal.

5. Increase your self-confidence

Another notable perk of soft skills is that it boosts your self-confidence. When you
are confident, you can easily wade through workplace issues and conflicts.
Additionally, your confidence level may boost the morale of other team members.
When hiring for a position, employers look for candidates who can present their
ideas confidently, which requires excellent communication skills. Using the right soft
skills, you can build confidence in your abilities and become an integral part of any
team.

6. Build professional relationships

Soft skills build your relationship with your team members, clients, stakeholders and
business partners. Skills like communication can help you positively influence how
you interact with others. Empathy is another soft skill that helps build and maintain
workplace relationships. Employers prefer candidates who can show empathy to
their peers, understand their perspective and respect their opinions. When you are
empathetic, you show care and respect for others, which strengthens your
relationship.

7. Help you stay organised

Time management, goal setting, the ability to delegate work and attention to detail
are important soft skills that allow you to stay organised at the workplace.
Companies want organised employees because they are reliable and can complete
their work on time without compromising quality. Organisation and soft skills like
critical thinking help you solve workplace problems, collaborate with other team
members and plan projects. You can show your organisational skills to the employer
by reaching the interview venue on time and presenting a well-formatted CV.

8. Increase your ability to take initiative

Employees who take the initiative at work improve their performance and inspire
others to raise their performance level. Having soft skills like a positive attitude and
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problem-solving skills encourages you to take up new projects and actively address
workplace problems. Also, soft skills help you follow your ideas and empower you to
translate your thoughts into action. During your interview, showcase that you can
motivate others and can independently assess issues and initiate solutions.

9. Build your company's reputation

Soft skills help in growing your reputation along with your employer's reputation.
The way you interact with clients and stakeholders can influence how these people
perceive your company. Employees who showcase excellent work ethics, complete
work on time, mediate conflicts on behalf of their employers and discuss projects
with an open mind are the ones who establish a favourable reputation for their
company.

10. Make you adaptable

When things do not go as expected, employers expect you to find alternate solutions
to fix the issues. For example, a technology change could affect the final
deliverables. An employer will hire a candidate who showcases a zeal to learn the
new technology without hesitation. Soft skills like adaptability allow you to adapt to
industry shifts and support team members during the change.

11. Develop your leadership skills

Successful leadership encompasses various soft skills that enable a leader to

interact, motivate and inspire their team members. Soft skills like communication,
decision-making, conflict resolution and organisation can help you build a highly
productive and performance-oriented team. Additionally, the ability to lead your
team to success depends upon your willingness to incorporate the team's opinion,
actively listen to their feedback and your ability to strategise. Employers prefer
candidates with soft skills because they can analyse the leadership strategies
required to increase performance. Such candidates can effectively implement
different leadership strategies based on the project requirement and workplace
situation.

12. Help grow your network

Soft skills like active listening and communication are critical for growing your
personal and professional network. Employers prefer candidates who have soft skills
because they can make and develop a relationship with new people and can pursue
professional leads. If you have a large professional network, you increase your
chances of getting hired because employers can make new business connections
using your network. You can also use the network to get advice on workplace
challenges, receive updates on the latest industry news and recommend trustworthy
vendors.
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13. Encourage you to advance in your career

Possessing the right soft skill can help you advance and progress in your career.
Employers hire candidates with relevant soft skills because it directly impacts
performance and productivity. These skills showcase your suitability for promotion
and job enhancement. For instance, when hiring a nursing professional, an employer
is likely to prefer empathetic candidates who display a great deal of patience, prefer
to work in a team, build relationships and have a positive attitude.

14.Distinguish you from others

Mentioning and showcasing the right abilities during the hiring process helps in
capturing the employer's attention. The soft skills you possess differentiates you
from other candidates with the same skill set. For example, you may be an excellent
mechanical engineer, but if you cannot communicate with your team members, an
employer will hire someone who can effectively communicate.

What’s the Difference Between Soft Skills vs Hard Skills?

Hard skills are teachable and measurable abilities, such as writing, reading, math
or ability to use computer programs.

Soft skills are the traits that make you a good employee, such as etiquette,
communication and listening, getting along with other people.

Hard skills, also known as technical skills, are technical knowledge or training that you
have gained through any life experience, including in your career or education

Hard skills list

Some of the most in-demand hard skills include:

Bilingual or multilingual
Database management
Adobe software suite
Network security
SEO/SEM marketing
Statistical analysis
Data mining
Mobile development
User interface design
Marketing campaign management
Storage systems and management
Programming languages (such as Perl, Python, Java, and Ruby)
Gathering Software Requirements
Forklift Operation
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Marketing Skills
Financial Modeling
Shelf Stocking
IT Skills

Soft skills are essential to career building in search of jobs. While hard skills are
necessary to successfully perform technical tasks in a job. Soft skills are necessary
to create a positive and functional work environment. For this reason, employers
often seek individuals who possess proven soft and hard skills. Some employers may
prefer to select candidates who have a stronger set of soft skills over hard skills, as
soft skills are at times more difficult to develop.

Soft skills list

Some of the most in-demand soft skills include:

Integrity
Dependability
Effective communication
Open-mindedness
Teamwork
Creativity
Problem-solving
Critical thinking
Adaptability
Organization
Willingness to learn
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Comparison Chart

BASIS FOR
HARD SKILLS SOFT SKILLS
COMPARISON

Meaning Hard skills imply the Soft skills refer to the set of
technical skills specific to the personality traits, which
job, which a person has defines an individual's
acquired through proper relationships in a work
training and learning. environment, with others.

What is reflects? How perfect a candidate is, How perfectly a candidate

for the job? adapt or fit into the work
environment?

Constitutes Key occupational Widely acceptable skills.

requirements for the job.

Acquired through Formal Education and Informal process, i.e.

Training Programme. upbringing, and social
surroundings.

About Techniques, mechanism and Relationships and social

professional competence. competence.

Specific to Job People

Orientation Aptitude oriented Attitude oriented

Measurability Measurable Immeasurable

Provability Easy to prove using Associated with personal

evidence, such as certificate, attributes, and so these are
degree, diploma, awards, etc. difficult to prove because they
are intangible.

Transferability Possible Depends on a person to person

Impact on No Yes
personality
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How to improve your soft skills?

Many employers value strong soft skills over technical skills because they
are often personality traits developed over a lifetime and can be difficult to
teach. That being said, anyone can improve their soft skills with experience
and practice. For example, you may find that an employer is seeking
someone skilled in conflict resolution. While you may be naturally skilled at
effective communication, it may help to practice working through conflicts
with others.

There are several ways you can help improve your soft skills.

1. Pick a soft skill you want to improve and practice it consistently.

You can improve any soft skill if you make it a practice. Most soft skills are a
matter of routine. For example, you can practice dependability, both on the
job and at home, by improving punctuality (showing up to work or events on
time or early) and starting on projects at work earlier so you can complete
them ahead of schedule.

2. Observe and mimic the positive soft skills you see in others.
There are likely professionals you know or work with who have strengths in
various soft skills. You may be able to develop integral soft skills by
observing the practices of others and incorporating them into your own daily
routine. You may find, for example, that effective communicators often write
down notes when others are talking during meetings. This helps them
organise their thoughts so they are prepared to ask and answer important
questions. This is also an active listening practice that may be good to utilise
as part of your own work.

3. Set milestone goals to improve soft skills.

Set specific, measurable goals by carefully reading your performance
reviews at work or asking trusted friends and colleagues for constructive
criticism. This can help you to identify key areas of improvement for goal
setting and areas of strength to highlight on your resume and in interviews.
You can prioritise which soft skills to work on based on those that you need
to get a certain job or move up in a career you already have.

4. Find resources to help you learn.

You can find several resources to help you learn tactics for improving the
soft skills you want to focus on like books, podcasts or online classes. While
some require payment, many are free of cost and can be accessed at any
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time. You might try out few different types of resources to see which are
best for your learning style.

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

Interpersonal skills involve the ability to communicate and build relationships

with others. Often called ‘people skills’, they tend to incorporate both your
innate personality traits and how you’ve learned to handle certain social
situations. Effective interpersonal skills can help you during the job interview
process and can have a positive impact on your career advancement.

Interpersonal skills are the behaviors and tactics a person uses to interact
with others effectively. In the business world, the term refers to an
employee's ability to work well with others. Interpersonal skills range from
communication and listening to attitude and deportment.

Interpersonal skills are traits you rely on when you interact and
communicate with others. They cover a variety of scenarios where
communication and cooperation are essential.

Some examples of interpersonal skills include:

Self-Confidence Positive Attitude

Work Ethic Workplace Etiquette

.Relationship Management Responsibility

Receptiveness to Feedback Dependability
Body Language Motivation
Listening
Flexibility
Collaboration
Patience
Conflict Management
Empathy
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We all use interpersonal skills every day. Strongly associated with emotional
intelligence, interpersonal skills (in a professional context) refer to how we
interact with others.

Lots of soft skills could be defined as interpersonal, all used to varying

degrees in the workplace depending on where you work and your level of
responsibility.

Employers often seek out those candidates who have strong interpersonal
skills. They actively look for applicants who can
work collaboratively, communicate effectively and have positive relationships with
customers and co-workers.

In a work environment, strong interpersonal skills are an asset that can help
you navigate complexity, change and day-to-day tasks.

Why are interpersonal skills important?

Strong interpersonal skills can help you during the job interview process as
interviewers look for applicants who can work well with others. They will also
help you succeed in almost any job by helping you understand other people
and adjusting your approach to work together effectively. For example, while
a software engineer may spend the majority of her time working on code
independently, she may need to collaborate with other programmers to
effectively bring a product to market.

This is especially true as more companies implement collaborative agile

frameworks to get work done. Employers will be looking for workers who can
both perform technical tasks with excellence and communicate well with
colleagues.

How to improve interpersonal skills?

While interpersonal skills can seem easy to practice as you interact with
others on a daily basis, making a deliberate plan can help you quickly
improve. Consider the following ways to improve your interpersonal skills.

1. Attend workshops or online classes. There are several workshops,

online classes and videos on ways you can practice building interpersonal
skills. While many are free, some are available at a cost.
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2. Seek opportunities to build relationships. If you work from home

or do not otherwise have many opportunities to build interpersonal skills,
you might consider joining a group. This could be related to your
work—networking or industry-specific groups—or simply a group that shares
a similar interest or hobby.

3. Be thoughtful about ways your interactions could improve. Take

time to review the interactions you have had and consider ways you could
have interacted more effectively. This might be certain words you said, ways
you reacted or body language you used.

4. Ask trusted friends or colleagues for constructive criticism. It is

helpful to get a third-party perspective about your skill level and specific
ways you can improve. Ask friends or trusted colleagues to provide
constructive criticism regarding your interpersonal skills.

5. Observe other positive interpersonal interactions. It can also be

helpful to learn by observing others use their interpersonal skills. Observe
positive interactions of those around you and apply the qualities you admire
to your own relationships.

6. Seek mentorship. Asking someone you trust, admire and respect to

counsel you on improving interpersonal skills and advancing in your career
can be an extremely effective way to learn.

How to highlight inter-personal skills when applying for jobs?

During the job application and interview phase, you can highlight your
interpersonal skills on your resume and your cover letter. After you are
hired, you should continue to maintain your skills and develop new ones.

Including interpersonal skills on a resume

On your resume, include a few key interpersonal skills under the ‘skills’
section. Generally, the best skills to put on a resume are those that you are
confident will be verified by any of the references you list on your job
application.

You can also provide examples of your interpersonal skills in the ‘experience’
section of your resume. Do this by including concrete examples of how you
worked with others and the results you achieved.
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Including interpersonal skills on a cover letter

For your cover letter, you may want to focus on one strong, relevant
interpersonal skill. This can help the employer get a good idea about an area
you see as one of your strengths. You may also want to briefly explain how
that skill can benefit the employer and create a good work relationship.

Interpersonal skills in a job interview and on the job

Your interpersonal skills will be necessary both during the job interview and
on the job.During your job interview, the hiring manager may be looking to
see how actively you listen, whether you maintain eye contact and if you are
courteous and respectful. The job interview is also a good opportunity to
show dependability. Arriving early for your interview, for example, shows
you are serious about the interview and respect the interviewer’s time.

Once you successfully get a job, you will continue to rely on interpersonal
skills. By demonstrating that you are dependable, taking the initiative to
lead and having a positive impact on your colleagues, you can develop a
strong reputation as a collaborative teammate. Regardless of what type of
career you are looking to enter, your ability to work well with your
colleagues and employer may make a good impression and result in positive
career growth.

LISTENING SKILLS –A

Importance of Listening

Listening is one of the four skills which enable complete communication. In

fact it is the 1st essential language skill because learning a language usually
begins when we learn to listen first, then to speak, then to read, and finally
to write.

As it is the 1st language skill, it is perhaps the most important skill of all as
it is the basis for the other three skills i.e. Speaking, Reading and

Listening skills are of great importance in the workplace, the family and in
the society at large. Careers in communications, management, planning,
sales, and fundraising etc. rely on good listening skills.

Listening shows one’s level of manners or etiquettes. When one is listening to

someone he is being responsive and if required advising as per the
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conversations’ requirements. Good listeners show respect to the speaker by

not interrupting him while he is talking.

When we hear a good song or conversation we try to imitate it and try to

apply it with great confidence as and when required.

All in all, Listening skills are necessary to improve communication,

interpersonal relations, emotional intelligence and self-analysis.

Types of listening

(i)Appreciative listening

– It is a type of Listening where one accepts and appreciates the other

person through what they say. It seeks to praise. Alternatively, listening to
something for pleasure, such as music is also a type of Appreciative
Listening. It involves listening for the sake of enjoyment and not necessarily
to understand or analyze and can be people or content oriented. People
spend much time engaging in appreciative listening.

Consider the following examples:

Listening to enjoyable music

Watching a movie or a comedian, causing laughter
Listening to someone speak because they have a soothing voice
Relaxing by listening to the sounds of nature
Re-watching a movie or tv show only to enjoy
Factors in Appreciative Listening
Several factors are influencing when people use appreciative listening as
opposed to other types of listening.

A few of these factors include:

Presentation: When a presentation is appealing, people are more likely to

engage in appreciative listening. For example, a song with a melody is more
likely to elicit appreciative listening than an industrial noise song that uses
repetitive high-pitched sirens.

Perception: A person's subjective perceptions influence whether they

appreciate a particular message. For instance, a fan of industrial noise music
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is likely to listen to high-pitched sounds of sirens appreciatively and actively

seek out this kind of music.

Past Experience: Memories and past experiences can prime someone to

engage in appreciative listening. A fan of melodic music might appreciate
industrial noise if they associate pleasant memories with the sounds.

(ii) Empathetic Listening (Listening to Understand Emotions)

–It is a type of listening where the listener understands the speaker’s

concern or loss with a rational approach. This rational approach is about
being empathetic towards the listener without being carried away with his
concerns or loss. It is about paying close attention to the nuances of
emotional signals and be rational. This kind of listening is often used by
those involved in customer service where the objective is to earn profits for
the organization and acknowledge the customer’s emotions as well.

(iii) Comprehensive Listening /Active listening –

In this type of listening to the listener’s primary concern is to understand the

message which is being conveyed by the speaker. Listeners assign a
meaning to that message, which is as close as possible to that, which the
sender intended. It enables to sort out important words from less important
words from a long speech. Comprehension listening is also known as
Content Listening, Informative Listening and Full Listening.

It is a type of Listening wherein the listener is attentive towards what the

speaker is saying. It helps in understanding the emotions, which the words
are expressing. This helps in commuting your thoughts towards that person
in a better way. Active listening is more than just listening to what is being
said, it is also listening to what is unspoken. Sometimes a speaker may
convey his/her thoughts in an indirect manner as he/she may not be
comfortable in taking a direct approach. It is here that Active Listening
provides us with the cues to ‘read between the lines’.

People use comprehensive listening to understand what someone is saying

using words. Several other types of listening build on comprehensive
listening. For example, you need to use comprehensive listening to use
informational listening and learn something new.
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At work and in your life, you’ll likely use a combination of comprehensive

and discriminative listening to understand the messages people are giving
you.

For example, let’s say your colleague briefs you on a project. You’ll need to
use comprehensive listening to analyze the words and understand the
message.

(iv) Critical Listening /Analytical (Listening to Evaluate and Analyze)

If you need to analyze complex information, you’ll need to use critical

listening.

Using critical thinking while listening goes deeper than comprehensive

listening. Instead of taking the information at face value, you can use critical
listening to evaluate what’s being said.

Critical listening is crucial when problem-solving at work.

For example, you’d use this type of listening when trying to choose how to
handle an unusual and complex client request.

You need to use this skill to analyze solutions offered by other people and
decide if you agree or not.

To do this, you don’t just need to hear their words. You also need to look at
the bigger picture and compare everything you know.

Critical listening is listening performed to evaluate, judge, form opinion

about what is being said. The judgment includes assessing strengths and
weaknesses, agreement and approval. Critical listening requires critical
thinking skills as well. A detailed logical analysis goes with critical listening.
The key is to try to understand the person before evaluating. It is used to
distinguish between real compliments and flattery. A friend shopping with
you might force you to buy a pair of shoe which suit you. But we evaluate
his statement, whether we really like it or not before making a decision. It
is also known as Evaluative Listening.
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Creative Thinking vs Critical Thinking

Creative Thinking and Critical Thinking are two expressions that show the
difference between them when it comes to their inner meanings. Creative
Thinking is going beyond the limitations and being original and fresh in one’s
ideas. Critical Thinking, on the other hand, is more evaluative in nature
and analyses a particular thing. Hence, one can conclude that while Creative
thinking is generative in purpose, Critical Thinking is analytical in purpose.
This is one of the main differences between creative thinking and critical
thinking. This article attempts to provide an understanding of the two terms
while elaborating the difference.

What is Creative Thinking?

Creative thinking is non-judgmental and expansive. There is no end to

creative thinking. In fact, it can be said that the sky is the limit for creative
thinking. This is the specialty of Creative thinking.

It allows the person to break away from the usual barriers and imagine the
unimaginable. Also, Creative thinking is not selective. The mind is free to
think anything creative in the case of creative thinking. Unlike in the case of
Critical thinking where you are bound to make some choices, in Creative
Thinking it is different. Various kinds of choices are not made in the case of
creative thinking.

In fact, creative thinking aims at generating new and thought provoking

ideas. This is why one can claim that creative thinking is all about
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imagination and imagery. Hence, it is best suited to creative arts like poetry
and painting.

What is Critical Thinking?

One of the features of Critical thinking is that it is not so expansive like

creative thinking. In fact, it can be said that critical thinking is judgmental in
nature. It is interesting to note that critical thinking is selective too. On the
other hand, creative thinking is not selective. It is quite free by nature.

The mind is free to think anything creative in the case of creative thinking.
On the contrary, the mind is limited to think in the case of critical thinking.
Creative thinking is employed in areas such as poetry, novel writing, short
story writing and fiction writing. On the other hand, critical thinking is
employed in organizations, business areas and the like.

Critical thinking is aimed at improving the quality of products produced by a

company, customer care service, and the like. It analyses the factors
governing the process of running a company. One can claim that when being
critical, a person is employed in a process of assessing rather than
imagining. He would be analytical and break down a particular concept into
various parts and analyze them. This includes paying attention to the plus
and minus, the pros and cons, when thinking critically. As human beings, we
need to have some ability for both creative and critical thinking.

What is the Difference between Creative Thinking and Critical

Thinking?

• Creative thinking is generative in purpose whereas critical thinking is

analytical in purpose.
• Critical thinking is selective, but creative thinking is not selective.
• The mind is free to wander about in Creative thinking, but in the case of
Critical thinking it is not so.

IMPORTANCE OF LISTENING IN ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL

COMMUNICATION

Active listening is a communication skill that builds trust between you and
your colleagues, and that empowers you to make informed decisions,
 21

resolve issues, and drive a team or organisation towards success, based on

awareness and absorption of all the information necessary to achieve this.

Active listening promotes mindful thinking, which can reduce anxiety and
depression in students. [1] It can also help students build relationships
because as they engage themselves in conversation, their peers are more
likely to view them as open and interested. Helps to build more knowledge.
Enables to identify or anticipate problems. Helps in better understanding
things. Iit helps in turning innovative and creative.

The Importance of Listening

 to focus on messages sent by other people or noises coming from our

surroundings;
 to better our understanding of other people’s communication;
 to critically evaluate other people’s messages;
 to monitor nonverbal signals;
 to indicate that we are interested or paying attention;
 to empathize with others and show we care for them (relational
maintenance);
 to engage in negotiation, dialogue, or other exchanges that result in
shared understanding of or agreement on an issue
Areas where listening skills are important include:

 Teamwork. When team members listen to each other, they are better
able to share ideas and solve problems.
 Decision Making. Making the best possible decisions requires
knowing all of the available information, and in order to know all of the
information, you need to listen to it and absorb it.
 Managing and Supervising. Mangers need to listen with empathy,
compassion and respect. This will allow employees to feel valued and
trusted.
 Customer Service. Listening patiently and helping the customer fully
express their issue can provide the extra insight needed to answer
questions and solve problems in a way to satisfy the customer.
 Sales. Listening to a customer’s needs before you start talking about
the sale can provide the information you need to tailor your
presentation to the client/customer.
 Negotiation. If you listen with an open mind, you can find clues as to
what terms the other party will and won’t accept.
 22

LISTENING SKILLS -B

Effective Listening Skills can be acquired through:

Dictation Audio – Dictation Audio is the dictation of words in an audio

format. These also help one to learn new vocabulary. One can listen to
Dictation Audio through Online Dictation, Digital Dictation Software and
Audio / Video Tapes.

Listening to Radio – Listening to English language Radio stations enhances

one’s listening capacity & understanding of the language. One can hear any
programme be it news, cultural or even advertisements to one’s benefit.

Music / Songs – English Language Songs is the most popular world over.
One can listen to these anytime or anywhere, even on foreign-language
radio and TV stations. One should listen to them often. Aspirants can buy
cassettes, CDs, download, borrow these from various sources. One can also
record these from various audio video sources. Initially one should choose
songs which are slow and the words are sung are clear. One can try to write
the words for an entire song in order to understand the song.

Listening to webcasts - A webcast is a media file distributed over the

Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content
source to many simultaneous locations locally or internationally. These can
be in the format of stations like the BBC or Voice of America. Most sites work
with two players - the RealPlayer and the Windows Media Player.

Podcast – Podcast is a multimedia file which is distributed over the internet

for playback on a mobile device or a personal computer. It is one of the new
ways of learning to speak English especially for those who are tech-savvy.
Watching Television - TV is the most common resource for hearing and
listening to English. The pictures help you understand what is being said.
One can watch TV on the Internet if they don't have access to English-
language TV.

Cinema – Cinema is another common medium to better one’s listening

skills. Non-English speaking Countries have cinemas that show films in
English, usually with sub-titles. Make it a habit to go to these films. Even if
one may not know how to read English, they’ll be still hearing English. One
 23

can also attend English Film festivals whenever they are held in their country
or region.

Making English speaking friends – This is another easy way for those
who wish to understand English. One can practice his/her English through
conversation. One can make friends online as well if one is not social. Your
friends by correcting you become your teachers as well.

Reading – Those who are beginners can start with reading children's
storybooks. And when their vocabulary has become rich, they can move on
to novels etc. Reading itself is listening as when we read aloud or in our
minds, we are actually hearing ourselves read the words.

TED talks is a recorded public-speaking presentation that was originally

given at the main TED (technology, entertainment and design) annual event
or one of its many satellite events around the world.TED stands for
TECHNOLOGY, ENTERTAINMENT and DESIGN.” TED Talks are influential
videos from eTED Talks are influential videos from expert speakers (on
education, business, science, tech creativity etc.) created from a
presentation at the main Ted conference. TED talks are limited to a
maximum length of 18 minutes but may be on any topic. Here's the TED
website's explanation of selection criteria: "TED looks for engaging,
charismatic speakers whose talks expose new ideas that are supported by
concrete evidence and are relevant to a broad, international audience."

Ted is a clearinghouse of free knowledge from the world's most inspired

thinkers — and a community of curious souls to engage with ideas and each
other, both online and at TED and TEDx events around the world.

Expert speakers (on education, business, scienceTED talk is a short

presentation that focuses on technology, entertainment, and/or design.
Sorry to disappoint any of you hoping a guy named “Ted” founded the TED
 24

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25