AL-Nour secondary model school

SOMALILAND NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS FROM 2017 TO 2023

2017 History National Exam

Part one: Multiple choice answers of 2017

1. B 11. A

2. D 12. B

3. C 13. B

4. B 14. C

5. C 15. B

6.A 16.A

7. B 17. D

8. A 18. D

9. C 19. D

10. C 20. C

Part two: structured questions answers

1) Six countries in the middle east

Saudi Arabica, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Jordan and Iran

2. Three major achievements of Somaliland transitional administration from 1991 to 1993

i. Reconciliation of Somaliland people

ii. Establishment of peace and stability
iii. Restoration of sovereignty

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 1 of 14
3. Three economic results of the First World War

➢ The allies spent millions of pounds to by guns, food and ammunitions

➢ The war seriously damaged Europe’s economic resources domination over the rest of
the world
➢ The war disrupted economic activities

4. Three aims of the League of Nations

✓ To mountain peace through collective security

✓ To encourage international co-operation
✓ To promote the respect of the sovereignty of the member states

5. Three reasons for the defeat of the axis powers in the Second World War were

➢ The axis powers were faced the shortage of valuable raw materials
➢ The allied greatly learned the method of blitzkrieg tactics
➢ The axis powers were stretched out far beyond their basic capacity.

6. During the cold war, three causes that led to the rivalry and tension between soviet and USA were

I. Ideological differences: USA and USSR wanted to spread their ideologies, capitalism and
communism through out the world
II. Disagreement over disarmament between USA and USSR:- after the war one of the most
important was how peace could be maintained and repeat of war be avoided and resulted
conflict between the two super powers specially atomic bomb
III. The iron curtain policy adopted by the USSSR:- this communist grip and artificial division
of Europe made international relation very poor

7. Three aims of organization African unity OAU at its formation were

I. To promote unity and solidarity among the African state

II. To co-ordinate effort to wards improving life for the people of Africa
III. To defend sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence African state

8. Three political effects of the second world war were

I. The war led the rise of two super power the USA and USSR as world most powerful nations
II. The communist zone was extended and cold war broke out
III. THE UNO united nation organization was formed

9. Two main countries which grow khat and two disadvantages of using or chewing khat in Somaliland
are

❖ khat was first grown in Ethiopia In Kenya it is grown in Meru County.

Two disadvantages are

I. Khat consumptions leads to the health problems such sleeping difficult, loss appetite
II. Khat increase the mental illness
Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 2 of 14
10. Three ways of reducing khat the import, sale and use of khat in Somaliland are

Somaliland and hurtle along rough roads there for we can reduce

I. Imposing regulation regarding when the khat is imported in country

II. Limiting and implementing an age that can buy khat.
III. Government to take any kind of action on the trade and impose large amount of tax due to the
large amounts of money and vested interests involved.

.SOMALILAND NATIONAL EXAMINATION 2018

Part one: answers of multiple-choice questions

1. C 11. D

2. A 12. D

3. D 13. B

4. A 14. B

5. D 15. C

6.B 16.B

7. A 17. B

8. A 18. A

9. D 19. B

10. A 20. D

Part two structured Questions 2018

Answers

1. Three major economic effects of the second world war are

1. The war ended Europe domination of the rest of the world

2. The war caused enormous destruction of the in industries and infrastructure E.g. roads ,rail
ways and communication system
3. The war created un employment
2. Pastoralism in Somaliland supported nationalism against colonialism as following
1. Freedom of movement of pastoral life in Somaliland culture as necessitated
2. People continuously look after pasture and water for their animals was another factor which
accelerated the rise of Somaliland nationalist
3. three political result of First world war are

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 3 of 14
 ✓ Political results
1. The size of Germany was reduced and France regained her lost provinces Alsace and
Lorraine from Germany
2. The Hapsburg empire completely collapsed
3. The war undermined the existence of turkey
4. Two demands of Arabs wanted are
1. The Arabs wanted an independent Palestine for the Arabs
2. To end to the immigration of Jews while more and more of Jewish immigrated from Europe and
caused flood refugee of Jewish and this caused conflict between Arabs and Jews
5. Three common things of Arabs are
1. They all speak the Arabic language.
2. They are nearly all Muslims.
3. Most of them wanted to see the destruction of Israel

6. Three major effect of khat to its users

1. Khat consumptions leads to the health problems such sleeping difficult, loss appetite
2. Khat increase the mental illness
3. Khat challenge food security and contribute malnutrition
7. Three Somaliland peace conferences held between 1991,1997 were
1. The first peace conference occurred on 7th February 1991 in Berbera
2. Burco conference on 27th April 1991
3. Borama conference started on 24 January to 25 may, 1993. In 1997 president Mohamed haji
Ibrahim Egal was reinstated for an additional terms of five years years and new constitution
was adopted giving him major leverage in all decisions
8. The league has achieved the following factors
1. The league formed international health organization(WHO)
2. The league established the international labour organization(ILO) and improved conditions of
labour throughout the world
3. The league provided relief for famine stricken areas, disease zones etc
4. The league settled disputes between member states. Between Greece and Bulgaria
5. The league held a number of disarmament conferences
9. Reasons African leaders collaborated with Europeans were as following
1. First many African leaders did not fully understand the intentions of the Europeans and thought
that they were in transit to other places.
2. The other reason for collaboration was the need for protection against hostile neighbors or
from groups within the areas they ruled.
3. Personal consideration therefore came before came before community interest. These leaders
hoped that the Europeans would help them to overcome their enemies.

10. The main powers of the two opposing sides which were involved in the first world war were
1. World War I was fought between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. The main members
of the Allied Powers were France, Russia, and Britain. The United States also fought on the side
of the Allies after 1917.

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 4 of 14
 2. The main members of the Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman
Empire, and Bulgaria

SOMALILAND NATIONAL EXAMINATION 2019

Part one: answers of multiple-choice questions

1. B 11. B

2. D 12. D

3. B 13. B

4. B 14. B

5. D 15. B

6.A 16.A

7. D 17. C

8. C 18. D

9. D 19. B

10. C 20. A

Part Two Structured Questions Answers 2019

1. Three factors helped nationalism of Somaliland were

I. After the world war two there was change I international opinion against colonization
II. Somaliland Soldiers who were participated the wars experienced and realization that
Whiteman is not superior to the black
III. The formation of united nation organization also encouraged
2. Two immediate outcome or result were
I. The war caused to the government to face more apposition groups which tried to overthrow
the power like the coup of 1978
II. gained western Somali territory which still one of Ethiopia

3. The axis powers were defeated because

I. The axis powers were faced the shortage of valuable raw materials
II. The allied greatly learned the method of blitzkrieg tactics
III. The axis powers were stretched out far beyond their basic capacity

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 5 of 14
 IV. Hitler failed to stop the Russian winter campaign

4. American president Woodrow Wilson fourteen points/principles which were as following

1. Abolition of secret diplomacy

2. Free navigation at the sea for all nations in the war and in peace
3. Restoration of Belgium
4. Reduction of armament
5. Removal of economic barrier between the states

5 Economic results of WW1 were

➢ The allies spent millions of pounds to by guns, food and ammunitions
➢ The war seriously damaged Europe’s economic resources domination over the rest of
the world
➢ The war disrupted economic activities

6 social results of WW2 were as following

➢ the war massive loss of human lives over 40 million people were killed
➢ Over 21 million people were became homeless
➢ The war led the outbreak of infectious diseases
7 Causes of the cold war
1. Ideological differences: USA and USSR wanted to spread their ideologies, capitalism and
communism through out the world
2. Disagreement over disarmament between USA and USSR:- after the war one of the most
important was how peace could be maintained and repeat of war be avoided and resulted
conflict between the two super powers specially atomic bomb
3. The Formation of north Atlantic treaty organization (NATO):- NATO was military alliance
of the USA and most state of western Europe formed 1949 against WARSO of Russia
8 Three principles of democracy are
1. freedom of speech, debates and enquiry
2. Participation of the people as whole in their government
3. Equality before the law
9 Failures of the league of Nations
1. It was more related with the Versailles treaties
2. It was rejected by USA
3. Absent of other important powers like Germany and USSR who later joined 1934
4. Japanese invasion of Manchuria(1932-3) and Italian invasion of Abyssinia
10 Two motives of sadddam Hussien

1. Saddam real motive was probably wanted to get his hand on the wealth of Kuwait
2. He claimed that Kuwait was historically part of Iraq

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 6 of 14
 2021 History GC EXAM
Part one: answers of multiple-choice questions

1. D 11. A

2. B 12. B

3. C 13. D

4. A 14. C

5. A 15. C

6. B 16.B

7. C 17. B

8. B 18. B

9. C 19. D

10. A 20. D

Answers of direct questions

1. Factors helped early civilizations to flourish were

I. The rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability
II. Farming around the rivers banks
III. Large population centers

2. Why did prophet Mohamed to migrate Mecca to Yathrib, two reasons

I. The hostility of the quiraish pagans in mecca

II. Allah ordered him to migrate mecca

3. Structures of French people were

I. Pries of roman catholic church formed the first state15% of the land owned by them
II. The aristocracy or member of noble families made by the second estate25% of the land
owned by them.
III. Others 98% of the population was belonged by third estate

4. Effects of the 1977 war between Somalia and Ethiopian were

➢ Somali was finally defeated after Ethiopia gained help by Russia and Cuba
➢ The war minimized the project developments because more many was spent in the
war

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 7 of 14
 ➢ The war caused to the government to face more apposition groups which tried to
overthrow the power like the coup of 1978

5. Three aims of UNO were

➢ To preserve peace and eliminate war.

➢ To remove the causes of the conflict by encouraging economic, social, educational, scientific
and cultural progress throughout the world.
➢ To safeguard the rights of all individual human beings, and the rights of peoples and the
nations.

6. Any three Functions of general assembly of UNO

✓ To considers the UN budget and what amount each member should pay.
✓ To elect the Security Council members (non-permanent members).
✓ Is to discuss and make decisions about international problems

7. Three achievements of Rayale,s government

1. Implemented democratic free and fair election in Somaliland

2. Extended administration of Somaliland
3. Strengthened the capacity of national army

8. Three factors facilitated Somaliland nationalism

➢ After the world war two there was change I international opinion against colonization
➢ Somaliland Soldiers who were participated the wars experienced and realization that
Whiteman is not superior to the black
➢ The formation of united nation organization also encouraged

9. Three Military actions led the defeat of Iraq’s army in Kuwait war

1) Saddam had miscalculated. President Bush of the USA took the lead in pressing for action to
remove the Iraqis from Kuwait. The UN placed trade sanctions on Iraq, cutting off her oil
exports.
2) An international force over 600 000 had been assembled in Saudi Arabia. More than 30 nations
contributed with troops, armaments or cash.
3) series of bombing attacks on Baghdad and on military targets.

10. Roles of three opposition movements which contributed to the downfall of Siyad Bare

I. In 1981 the civil war began with the establishment of two rebel groups, Somaliland national
movement( SNM) and the Somali salvation democratic front( SSDF) both groups based themselves
in Ethiopia and carried cross –border attack against Siyad,s regime.
II. A third powerful apposing movement was the united Somali congress (USC) Which came to
existence and created a dangerous situation to Siyad’s regime. SSDF, SNM AND USC initially had
achieved large success against the regime those opposing forces later on led to the fragmentation of
the Somali forces, resulting the breakdown of Siyad Barre,s dictatorship.

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 8 of 14
2022 History GC EXAM
Part one: answers of multiple-choice questions

1. D 11. A

2.B 12. A

3. A 13. B

4. C 14. D

5. C 15. A

6. B 16. A

7. B 17. A

8. B 18. A

9. C 19. B

10. B 20. D

Direct question answers( 2022)

1) Three advantage of rivers are

I. Rivers provides travel routes for exploration and commerce
II. Rivers gives the people faming apportunity
III. Rivers provide pure water.
2) Two causes of battle of badr
I. The quirash pagans were feared for the safety of their camel caravan
II. The pagans wanted to get rid of the muslims
III. Prophet muhamed SCW ordered the muslims to stop and conquer the one hundred leaded
camels owned by the quraish from Syria
3) Factors helped Japan to industrialize were
I. She had an enterprising citizen
II. Japan had experienced a long period of political stability after ww2.
III. Japanese goods e.g. motor vehicles are high quality and have wide market in Africa,
USA, Europe and other parts of the world
IV. Skilled and unskilled labours was readily available

4. Three causes of the Second World War were

I. Hitler’s ambition:- Adolf Hitler wanted to restore German domination of the in Europe.
II. The treaty of Versailles : this treaty blamed Germany for being responsible the first world
war and allies occupied most of the German territory
Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 9 of 14
 III. Nationalism:- nationalism hindered co-operation before second world war

5. Three economic results of Second World War were

I. The war ended Europe domination of the rest of the world

II. The war caused enormous destruction of the in industries and infrastructure E.g. roads ,rail ways
and communication system
III. The war created un employment

6. Three disadvantages of khat use on its users are

➢ Khat consumptions leads to the health problems such sleeping difficult, loss appetite
➢ Khat increase the mental illness
➢ Khat challenge food security and contribute malnutrition

7. Three problems faced Christian missioners in Africa are

I. They were few in number

II. Communication barriers between the local residents
III. Some of them were killed

8. Two aims formed United nations organization are

➢ To preserve peace and eliminate war.

➢ To remove the causes of the conflict by encouraging economic, social, educational, scientific
and cultural progress throughout the world.

9. Two aims of African union( AU) To replaced the organization of African unity are

1. To greater unite and solidify Africans and African states in the continent
2. To accelerate socio-economic and political integration
3. To encourage international cooperation

10. The main organs of the government of Somaliland and one function of each are

1. Executives:- including president, vice president and cabinet ministers,

Function: Power to exercise the executive authority of the republic and
Power to uphold and safeguard the security and constitution
2. Legislatives including parliament and elders.
1) Function: Represent the people constituencies and special interest group.
3. Judiciary includes district court, regional court, appeal court and supreme court.
Function: ;Represents the national government in court or in any other legal proceeding and Proves
and uphold the law.

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 10 of 14
 2023 HISTORY EXAM
2023: Part one: Multiple choice answers

1. D 11. A

2. C 12. A

3. B 13. D

4. C 14. D

5. D 15. C

6.C 16.B

7. D 17. B

8. C 18. D

9. A 19. C

10. B 20. C

PART TWO: ANSWERS DIRECT QUESTION

1. three main factors which helped early world civilization to thrive

✓ The access to a water for agriculture and human use

✓ Surplus food for the people

✓ Plentiful of water and enrichment of soil due to annual flooding

✓ Transportation

2. Achievement of Omer Ibn khadab

A. Omer divided the land into provinces which he nominated each province in to governor

B. Omer created first Islamic banking system

C. Omer first person who used Islamic calendar

4. Three causes of world one

I. Economic rivalries: The European powers required cheap industrial raw materials; the competition
war of foreign market intensified

II. The arm race: Arm race is the militarism, aircraft competition, submarines and battleships in which
each countries wanted to make superior other than countries. The hostilities among European powers
Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 11 of 14
 to the colonial disputes motivated each power each power to start building strong armies and navies
in preparation of war

III. Colonial rivalries: The European powers sought colonies as the source of raw materials and
prestige. Germany who was late comer in the search for colonies joined the race in 1871 became
more aggressive than France and Britain who had already begun establishing colonial empires in the
different parts of the world.

4. Result of Somouri Toure’s resistance

1. Loss of live: many people died during the struggle

2. Loss of independence: Somori Toures,s people lost their independence

3. Samori’s capture: - was finally captured and deported to Gabon where he died in 1900

5. terms of camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt were

I. The state of war that had existed between Egypt and Israel since 1948 was now ended.

II. Israel promised to withdraw its troops from Sinai;

III. Egypt promised not to attack Israel again and guaranteed to supply her with oil from the recently
opened wells in southern Sinai.

6. Effects of cold war

I. The cold war caused suspicion and insecurity and each power tried to propagate its ideology either
by force like in the case of Hungary or through peace like in Cuba

II. The cold war led to the space race

III. The mistrust, suspicion and accusation from both apposing powers created international insecurity
and disruption resulting to arm race

7. organs of the united nation organization

1. The general assembly

This is the meeting together of the representatives from all the member nations; there is only one vote per
nation. It meets once a year but special sessions can be called in times of crisis

2. Security council

This is the most powerful organ of the UN. The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, five of
them have permanent seats–China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States–and 10 non-
permanent members.

3. The secretariat

This is the office-staff of the UN, and it consists of over 50 000 employees. They look after the
administrative work, preparing minutes of meetings, translations and information.
Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 12 of 14
8. three major challenges which faced African states after independendence were as following

Social challenge

1. Wide spread of illiteracy levels among the local population

2. Poor housing and sanitation facilities, especially among city dwelling

3. Inadequate medical and health facilities

Economic challenges

1. Lack or under developed industrial sector

2. Inadequate infrastructure development such as banking, insurance, transport, transport and

communication network

3. Unequal distribution of economic resource

Political challenge

1. Political instability due to coup and civil wars

2. The existence of heterogeneous ethnic groups which make national integration and unity more
difficult

3. Frequent border disputes resulting from colonial demarcation that disregarded ethnic composition

9. three major factors which led the rise of Somaliland nationalism

➢ After the world war two there was change I international opinion against colonization

➢ Somaliland Soldiers who were participated the wars experienced and realization that
Whiteman is not superior to the black

➢ The formation of united nation organization also encouraged

10. three factors that persuaded European to scramble Africa in 18884 were

I. Social reasons

1. Europeans wanted to introduce western education and culture in Africa

2. European missionaries, explorers and traders called for protection from their home government

3. Some Europeans believed its duty from god to rule and civilize people’s of other cultures

2. Economic reasons

1. Both Britain and Germany wanted to control Indian ocean trade on the coast

2. Industrial revolution led an increased demand for raw material fo feed new industries being built

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 13 of 14
 3. Europeans also wanted Africa as a market for their manufactured goods

3. Political reasons

1. European countries wanted to build colonies to assert their power over Africa

2. Europeans wanted to expand their empires for national pride and prestige

3. Some European countries were against the other European from occupying the region

Prepared By Hassan Ahmed Dhidar AlNour Sec, History teacher, Borama Page 14 of 14