MNT IN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA • Diet which is bland in flavor and easy to digest; does not

require chewing
• Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining blood
• Frequent small, high calorie, high protein snacks and meals
viscosity and preventing clot formation.
• Emphasize a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, MNT in Iron-Deficiency Anemia
whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Begin by assessing the severity of the anemia and
• Ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients such as iron,
identifying any underlying causes or contributing factors.
vitamin B12, and folate, which are important for red blood
This may involve blood tests to measure hemoglobin levels,
cell production and overall health.
serum ferritin levels (a marker of iron stores), and other
• Some individuals with PV may have hypertension or be at
relevant parameters.
risk for cardiovascular complications. Limiting sodium
• Evaluate the individual's current dietary intake to determine
intake can help manage blood pressure and reduce the risk
the adequacy of iron and other nutrients essential for red
of cardiovascular events.
blood cell production, such as vitamin C, vitamin B12, and
• Encourage choosing fresh, whole foods and minimizing
folate.
processed and packaged foods, which tend to be high in
• an individualized meal plan that focuses on incorporating
sodium.
iron-rich foods and optimizing nutrient absorption.
• Alcohol consumption can increase the risk of dehydration
and may exacerbate PV symptoms. Encourage moderation MNT in Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
or avoidance of alcohol, particularly if it worsens symptoms
• Ingestion of one fresh fruit and one fresh green vegetable
or interacts with medications.
daily
• Caffeine Moderation: Caffeine can act as a diuretic, leading
• Green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, juices, yeast, legumes,
to fluid loss and potential dehydration. While moderate
liver, beef, fortified cereals, and whole grains
caffeine intake is generally considered safe for most
• To replenish folate stores, 1mg of folate taken every day for
individuals, excessive consumption should be avoided.
2-3 weeks (3.1ug/kg)
• In some cases, individuals with PV may benefit from
personalized nutrition counseling provided by a registered MNT in Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
dietitian or nutritionist. MNT can help address specific
• treatment for pernicious anemia requires daily vitamin B12
dietary concerns, optimize nutrient intake, and support
injections until remission; after which 6-8 injections yearly
overall health and well-being
will suffice.
MNT in Leukemia • Diet high in protein is important in liver function and
regeneration.
• Provide 30-35 kcal & 1.5 g of protein per kg body weight
 • Adequate intakes of iron, vitamin C and B-vitamins are also
necessary.
• Moreover, the cholesterol content of the diet should be
considered if liver is to be offered more often
MNT in Hemorrhage
• Consumption of adequate normal diet rich in foods
containing iron, ascorbic acid and protein is essential.
• Liquids are mandatory to replace the fluid lost through
hemmorrhage and consequently lost from tissues.
Chronic Hemorrhage
• Consuming Iron-Rich Foods: Chronic hemorrhage can lead
to iron deficiency anemia due to the loss of blood containing
iron.
• To replenish iron stores and support red blood cell
production, include plenty of iron-rich foods in the diet.
• Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron from plant-based
sources. Including foods high in vitamin C can help optimize
iron absorption and support iron utilization in the body
MNT in Parasitism
• Diet high in iron and protein
• Daily usage of ferrous sulfate
• Deworming (antihookworm drugs)
• Avoidance of eating fresh and uncooked vegetables or
drinking unboiled water
MNT in Anemia of Chronic Diseases
• Adequate intake of Iron-rich Foods, Vitamin C-rich Foods,
Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Anti-inflammatory Foods, and Avoid
Excessive Alcohol.
• Prevention strategies for ACD primarily involve managing
underlying chronic conditions and promoting a healthy
lifestyle
• Regular Medical Monitoring Balanced Diet Avoiding
Smoking Consultation with Healthcare Providers
MNT in Aplastic Anemia
• Consuming foods rich in iron can help support the
production of red blood cells, which are essential for
carrying oxygen throughout the body.
• Vitamin C helps enhance the absorption of iron from plant-
based sources.
• Folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 are crucial for red blood
cell production. Foods rich in folate include leafy green
vegetables, legumes, fortified cereals, and citrus fruits.
• Avoid Exposure to Toxins
• Practice Good Hygiene
• Genetic Counseling
MNT in Endometrial CA
• Limit consumption of meat, dairy products, and saturated fat
The associations between meat and endometrial cancer have not
been consistent; overall, case-control studies have identified
increased risk of endometrial cancer associated with red meat in
particular, a finding not reflected in most prospective studies.
However, connections have emerged between components of meat
(heme iron and saturated fat) and this cancer.
The Swedish Mammography Cohort found significant relationships
between both heme iron (found in both red and white meat) and liver
consumption and endometrial cancer.
 • Limit consumption of sugar and high-glycemic-index • Folic acid and other B vitamins. Higher serum levels of other
carbohydrates. carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin,
lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) and gamma tocopherol
The Iowa Women’s Health Study found a 78% greater risk for
have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of
endometrial cancer in women who consumed the most sugar-
high-grade CIN.
sweetened beverages, compared with those who consumed the
• These nutrients may enhance the clearance of high-risk
lowest amount.
HPV infections but are not associated with the clearance of
Moderating alcohol consumption Women who consume between one- persistent infections
half and 1 drink per day were found to have a 4-7% lower risk, while • Women with higher plasma folate concentrations were
women who drank 2.5 or more than 2.5 servings per day had a 14% significantly less likely to be diagnosed with CIN 2+ (
and 25% greater risk, respectively, compared with nondrinkers or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), especially when vitamin
those who drank only occasionally. B12 levels were in the normal range.
• Alcohol Important note: Studies have shown a significantly
• Limiting high-energy-dense foods and high salt (or foods
greater risk for HPV persistence in women who consume
high in sodium), exercising regularly, and maintaining a
alcohol regularly, compared with those who consume less
healthy weight may reduce cancer risk.
or none, especially among those with a high viral load.
• Following a plant-based diet helps achieve a healthy weight
and provides a higher diet quality compared with other MNT IN LUNG CANCER
eating patterns.
• Treat the symptoms interfering with food intake: nausea and
• There has been extensive research demonstrating that
vomiting, dyspnea, mucositis, constipation, and pain meals
plant-based diets reduce the risk of other cancers such as
and snacks dense in calories and protein and ways to meet
breast, colorectal, and gastrointestinal cancers
vitamin and mineral needs.
MNT in Cervical Cancer • Eating more foods that contain carotenoids may help
decrease lung cancer risk.
• Fruits and vegetables. Folic acid and other B vitamins.
• Small frequent meals that are calorie and protein dense
Higher serum levels of other carotenoids (alpha-carotene,
• Provide calorie level that meets or exceeds the resting
beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) and
energy expenditure (REE)
gamma tocopherol have been found to be associated with
• Rest before meals
a reduced risk of high-grade CIN.
• Meals that require minimal preparation
• These nutrients may enhance the clearance of high-risk
• Oral nutritional supplements (homemade or preprepared)
HPV infections but are not associated with the clearance of
persistent infections
MNT in Pancreatic Cancer
• Frequent small meals will ensure your body has enough
nutrients to tolerate treatment.
• Protein-rich foods help the body repair damaged cells and
assist the immune system in recovering from illness.
• Lean proteins are easy to digest and should be included with
each meal and snack.
• When it is difficult to eat, liquids are easier to digest and can
often be better tolerated (bone broths, soups, protein drinks,
smoothies)
• Choose foods that are easy to digest. Choose essential whole
grain foods. (Oatmeal, whole grain bread, brown rice)
• Choose colorful foods high in antioxidants, which can help fight
against cancer. Healthy Fats and limit simple sugars.
MNT IN GASTRIC CANCER
• In the later stages of the disease, the patient may
tolerate only a liquid diet.
• If a patient is unable to tolerate oral feeding,
consideration should be given to using an alternate
route, such as a gastric or intestinal enteral tube feeding,
or if this is not tolerated or feasible, parenteral feeding.
• Iron Supplement surgery to remove your stomach
(called a gastrectomy), your iron levels may go down
• Make every mouthful count by choosing foods and
drinks that are high in protein and calories
MNT IN COLORECTAL CANCER
• Exercise most days of the week. Try to get at least 30
minutes of exercise on most days. If you've been inactive,
start slowly and build up gradually to 30 minutes. Also, talk
to your doctor before beginning any exercise program.
• Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Fruits,
vegetables and whole grains contain vitamins, minerals,
fiber and antioxidants, which may play a role in cancer
prevention.
• Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables so that you get an
array of vitamins and nutrients.
• Maintain a healthy weight. If you're at a healthy weight,
maintain it by exercising regularly and choosing a healthy
diet. If you're overweight, work to lose weight slowly by
increasing exercise and reducing the number of calories
you eat.
• Stop smoking. If you smoke, stop. If you're having trouble
quitting, talk to your doctor about options. Medications and
counseling may help.
• Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. If you choose to drink
alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means
up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day
for men.
MNT IN LIVER CANCER
• Cancer patients suggest 1.2-1.5g/kg/d of protein, and given
the intrinsic hyper metabolism of cirrhosis, energy provision
must be at least 30-40 kcals in early to advanced stages of
HCC and up to 45 kcals in terminal stages.
• To improve energy intake, frequent meals are
recommended, and if energy intake is not met orally,
nasogastric tube feeding is advised, especially while on the
waitlist for liver transplantation.
• Carbohydrate Needs: 45%-60% of the total daily energy
expenditure, and complex carbohydrates must be included
to get > 30 g of fiber.
• Once the protein and carbohydrate intake has been
established, the rest of the total energy expenditure must be
 covered by lipids, paying special attention to meeting the
needs for polyunsaturated fatty acids.
MNT IN PROSTATE CANCER
• A plant-based diet is associated with a lower risk of prostate
cancer and its recurrence.
• Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds
contain antioxidants, phytochemicals and dietary fibers all
of which have been shown to be protective against prostate
cancer through a variety of anticancer actions.
• Aim for at least 5 servings per day of fruits and
vegetables.
• Limit refined starchy foods and added sugars.
• Limit intake of red meat to less than 12 ounces per week.
Avoid processed meat.
• Moderate intake of dairy to less than two low-fat servings
per day
• Avoid high-heat cooking methods. Prepare meat by baking,
broiling, or poaching rather than by frying or charbroiling.
• A high-fat diet can influence weight, as well as heart disease
risk.
• Saturated and animal fats contribute the greatest risk to
prostate cancer development, while omega-3 fats may have
a protective etc. Limit saturated and animal fats found in
red meat, poultry skin and full-fat dairy products. Include
sources of omega-3 fats found in fatty fish such as salmon,
sardines, trout and herring.
• Plant sources of omega-3 include flaxseed, chia seeds,
walnut, hemp seeds and pumpkin seeds.
• Do not exceed the recommended daily intake for calcium
(1000-1200mg per day) between food sources, fortified
foods and supplements. Some studies have found
associations with a high intake of calcium (particularly from
supplements) and prostate cancer. However, osteoporosis
is a concern for many patients with prostate cancer.
• Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to higher risk of
prostate cancer. Include sources of vitamin D in your
diet: sunlight, fish, fortified foods and supplements.
• The select trial found a slightly increased risk of prostate
cancer among those taking Vitamin E supplements. Avoid
vitamin E supplements.
Notes:
Allium: Garlic, leeks, onions, scallions, shallots
Cruciferous: Arugula, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage,
cauliflower, dark greens
Lycopene: Tomatoes and tomato products, guava, watermelon
Soy foods: Genistein is a cancer-fighting isoflavone found in soy
products that may inhibit inflammation and induce cell death in
prostate cancer cells. Soy is high in protein and can be eaten in
place of animal protein in the diet.
White button mushrooms: In a study led by City of Hope
researchers, a powder made of white button mushrooms was
found to reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen, or PSA, in
prostate cancer patients whose PSA levels had been rising. Rising
PSA levels in men who have had prostate cancer may be an
indicator of cancer recurrence and need for further treatment
Prostate Cancer Nutrition Recommendation by Stanford Health
Care
• Eat 8-10 servings (about ½ cup=1 serving) of colorful fruits
and vegetable daily (especially nutritious choices include:
 broccoli, cauliflower, collard greens, Brussels sprouts,
arugula, garlic, leeks, onions, carrots, sweet potato, berries,
melon, citrus fruits, grapes, herbs and spices)
• Consume adequate lycopene ¾ cup of tomato sauce or 12
oz of tomato juice or 6 T of tomato paste
• Consider drinking pomegranate concentrate 1 oz per day
Grains, Legumes
• Limit processed and refined grains, flours, sugars
• Achieve 25-35 grams of fiber from food daily include 1-2
tablespoons per day of ground flaxseeds
• Avoid overconsumption of foods high in carbohydrates
• Limit intake of butter, sour cream, cream cheese, and whole
milk/dairy Limit intake of linoleic acid found in corn oil,
safflower oil, cottonseed oil
• Instead, eat more olive oil, nuts & seeds (especially walnuts,
pumpkin seeds, hemp seeds, chia seeds, flax seeds),
avocado, and cold-water fish.
• Eat 2 brazil nuts per day for adequate selenium (or may
consume via halibut, sardines, and shrimp).
• Eat more wheat germ, sunflower seeds, almonds and
hazelnuts for vitamin E Animal Foods
• Limit red meat (beef, pork, lamb) intake to 18 oz of cooked
weight per week
• Avoid processed meats (ham, bacon, salami, hot dogs,
sausages, pastrami)
• Limit intake of flame grilled meats (grilled veggies are a
great alternative!) Instead, replace meats with soyfoods, try
for 1 serving per day of soyfood (tofu, edamame, tempeh,
soy nuts, etc)
• Limit dairy intake to less than 2 servings per day, preferably
lower fat versions (8oz of milk or yogurt, 1 oz of cheese, ½
cup of ice cream)
• Limit alcohol intake to 2 drinks per day
• Increase consumption of green tea to 1-4 cups per day
• Avoid sugar-sweetened drinks (like soda, juices, sports
drinks, sweet teas)
• Consume adequate, but not excessive calcium
• Total intake from foods and supplements not to exceed
1200mg per day. Only take calcium supplements if
recommended by your physician
• Do not consume foods that were reheated in plastic
containers in the microwave
MNT IN BONE CANCER
Various nutrients and herbs may be beneficial in dealing with bone
cancer. But many may also interfere with conventional treatment.
Following these nutritional tips may help reduce symptoms:
• Eat a diet rich in whole foods with a focus on preserving
your body weight with quality proteins, healthy fats, and
carbohydrates.
• Use healthy cooking oils, such as olive oil or coconut oil.
• Reduce or eliminate trans-fatty acids, found in such
commercially-baked goods, as cookies, crackers, cakes,
French fries, onion rings, donuts, processed foods, and
margarine.
• Avoid caffeine and other stimulants, alcohol, and tobacco.
• Exercise, if possible, 5 days a week. Discuss an appropriate
regimen with your doctor.
• Probiotic supplement (containing Lactobacillus
acidophilus), 5 to 10 billion CFUs (colony forming units) a
day, for maintenance of gastrointestinal and immune health.
• Refrigerate your probiotic supplements for best results. In
cases of severe immunosuppression or immunodeficiency,
probiotics may not be appropriate. Speak with your doctor.
 • Omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil, 1 to 2 capsules, or 1
tablespoon (15 mL) of oil, 1 to 2 times daily, to help reduce
inflammation and enhance immunity.
• Cold-water fish, such as salmon or halibut, are good
sources. Omega-3 supplements may increase the blood-
thinning effects of certain medications, such as warfarin
(Coumadin) and aspirin. Speak to your provider
MNT IN BRAIN CANCER
The reasons cancer can progress is far more complicated than the
influence of dietary sugar. There have been studies in patients with
high-grade glioma that showed that a ketogenic diet, which is low carb,
high protein, high fat, may have a positive impact on survival.
• With a high protein, high fat combination, we know this may
not be a healthy long-term strategy. And for many people,
it's not palatable.
• The type of diet that has proven to have the highest health
benefit is the Mediterranean diet - high in whole grains,
seasonal fruit, vegetables, plant-based proteins, and fish or
fish oils. This type of diet limits meat and processed foods,
and has been proven to reduce systemic inflammation,
which is widely beneficial for health overall, and is much
more sustainable.
MNT IN THYROID CANCER
Dietary habits appear to modify the risk of thyroid carcinoma.
• A diet with a limited consumption of starchy foods and
products rich in salt, fat, and sugar, and a higher
consumption of cruciferous and non-cruciferous
vegetables, milk and dairy products, and seafood could be
protective towards thyroid cancer.
• These results warrant further investigations and, if
confirmed, might have important public health implications
for the reduction of thyroid cancer through the improvement
of dietary habits.
• Maintaining a healthy energy intake and healthy weight.
• A meta-analysis found a 25% greater risk for thyroid cancer
among overweight individuals and a 55% greater risk in
obese individuals as compared with normal-weight
individuals.
• Paralleling these findings, the European Prospective
Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study found
that individuals consuming the highest amount of calories
experienced a roughly 30% higher risk for thyroid cancer,
compared with those consuming the lowest amount.
• Avoiding meat. Persons who consume larger amounts of
pork and poultry were found to have a significantly higher
risk for thyroid cancer than those who consume little or none
of these products.
• Red meat consumption was associated with a 57% greater
thyroid cancer risk in a large study of dietary habits and
overall cancer risk.
• Favoring vegetables. A diet that includes large amounts of
vegetables appears to reduce thyroid cancer risk by roughly
25%.
• Low-iodine diets may not be needed or beneficial. Low-
iodine diets have previously been recommended prior to
thyroid ablation as a means of increasing the uptake of
radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland. However, evidence
has not been convincing of the superiority of this approach
when compared with a less strict iodine intake