PHYSICAL EDUCATION citizenry.
” “All educational institutions shall
 ”Education through the physical” -
Jesse Feiring Williams (1977).
 “that phase of total process of
education which is concerned with the
development and utilization of the
individual’s movement potential and
related responses, and with the stable
behavior modifications in the
individual which results from these
responses” - John E. Nixon and Ann E.
Jewett , as restated by William Freeman
(1977).
 “physical education is that phase of
general educational program that
contributes to the total growth and
development of each child through
movement experiences” - Robert P.
Pangrazi (1998).
 “an educational process that uses
physical activity as a means to help
individuals acquire skills, fitness,
knowledge, and attitudes that
contribute to their optimal
development and well-being” - Deborah
Wuest and Charles Bucher (1999).
LEGALITY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
 Article 1, International Charter of
Physical Education and Sports,
UNESCO, Paris, 1978 and
Recommendation 1, International
Disciplinary Regional Meeting of
Experts on Physical Education,
UNESCO, Brisbane, 1982 - “The practice
of physical education and sport is a
fundamental right of all…” “And this right
should not be treated as different in
principle from the right to adequate food,
shelter, and medical care.”
 Article XIV, Section 19, 1986
Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines – “The state shall promote
physical education and encourage sports
programs, league competitions and
amateur sports including training for
international competition to foster self-
discipline, teamwork, and excellence for
the development of a healthy and alert
undertake regular sports activities throughout
the country and in cooperation with athletic
clubs and other sectors.”
OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
 Physical Fitness Development - The
development of the various organic
system of the body is necessary for an
individual to have the ability to sustain
adaptive efforts, to recover and to resist
fatigue.
 Motor Skill Development - This objective
is concerned with developing body
awareness, making purposeful physical
movement with a little expenditure of
energy as possible, and being proficient,
graceful, and aesthetic in this movement.
 Cognitive Development - The cognitive
development objective involves the
accumulation of knowledge and the ability
to think and interpret this knowledge.
 Social-Emotional-Affective
Development - This is concerned with
assisting an individual in making personal
and group adjustments as well as
adjustments as a member of society.
Fitness- The ability to carry out daily tasks
efficiently with enough physical capacity to
cope with the physical needs of life.
-States that it is the ability to carry out
daily tasks efficiently with enough energy left
over to enjoy leisure time pursuits and to meet
unforeseen emergencies.
Physical Fitness- The ability to carry out daily
tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue
fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure
time pursuits and to meet unforeseen
emergencies.
- Physical fitness at any age depends upon
eating the correct foods, having sufficient rest,
taking adequate daily exercise, and
maintaining a strong mental attitude.
 ASPECTS OF FITNESS ANATOMICAL POSITION & DIRECTIONAL
MOVEMENT TERMS
1. Physical fitness - refers to the ability of
an individual to perform his daily tasks Supination - body facing upward/ palm facing
efficiently without undue fatigue and has up.
some extra “reserves” in case of
emergency.
2. Social fitness – is the ability to mingle
with different types of people and interest
and concern for others.
3. Emotional fitness – refers to the ability
of an individual to control his emotions or
feelings.
4. Mental fitness – is the ability to cope with
common problems of everyday living. Pronation - body facing downward/ palm
5. Total fitness - It refers to the fitness of facing down.
the whole person including physical,
mental, social and emotional fitness

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Health-related Fitness Components:

1. Cardio Respiratory Endurance – the
ability of the lungs and heart to take in and
transport adequate amounts of oxygen to the Plantar flexion - pointing down
working muscles.
2. Muscular Endurance – the ability of the
muscles to apply a sub maximal force
repeatedly or to sustain a muscular contraction
for a certain period of time.
3. Muscular Strength – the maximal one
effort force that ca be exerted against a
resistance.
4. Flexibility - the functional capacity of a joint
to move through a full range of motion.
5. Body Composition – the ratio of lean body
tissue (muscle and bone) to body fat tissue.

Skill-related Fitness Components:

1. Agility - quickness of movement.
2. Speed - the ability of the individual to make
a successive movement of the same kind in Dorsi flexion - pointing up
the shortest time.
3. Balance – the state of equilibrium.
4. Power – refers to muscular power which is
the ability to release maximum force in the
shortest period of time; the ability of the
muscle to exert effort.
5. Reaction Time – the amount of time it takes
to start a movement once your senses signal
the need to move.
6. Coordination – the ability to use the senses
together with body parts in performing tasks
smoothly and accurately.
Flexion - compression of muscle. Illustrated
example is flexion of biceps and triceps. Rotation - act of turning part of the body.

Extension – relaxation of muscle. Opposite of

flexion. Illustrated example is extension of
biceps and triceps.

Circumduction - cone movement

Hyperextension - next movement after

extension.

Abduction - act of moving away the midline.

Illustrated example, arms moving away from
the body (body serving as the midline.)
Adduction - moving back to anatomical Reposition - thumb and little finger going back
position. to its anatomical position

Elevation - moving up. Illustrated example is

elevation of body through tip-toe.

Opposition - thumb and little finger move

together.