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Topic 7 – Chemistry of the Environment

1. Describe 2 chemical tests for water.
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2. Describe the stages of water purification.

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3. State 3 uses of water in industry.

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4. Common water pollutants and their adverse to the environment.

Water pollutant Sources Effect on the environment

Bacteria, Virus, …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

Protozoa, parasites ……… …….

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Biodegradable animal …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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waste and plant debris
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Oil, plastics, …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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pesticides,
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fertilizers, cleaning
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solvents.
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Acids, bases, salts, …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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and metal
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compounds.
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Lead, mercury, and …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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arsenic
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Heat …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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5. Fertilizer contain Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK). Complete the following table.
Element Importance for plants Example

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Potassium

6. Explain why fertilizers must be soluble in water.

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7. Describe ammonia displacement reaction with the help of a chemical reaction.
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8. Explain farmers should not add lime/slaked (calcium hydroxide) and ammonium fertilizers at the same time.
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9. What is eutrophication?
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10. Write the percentage composition of gases in air.

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Argon

Carbon dioxide

Other rare gases

11. Stage 1 use for each of these gases.

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Argon

12. Describe the process of fractional distillation to separate gases in air.

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Complete the table for the following air pollutants.

 Pollutant Sources Adverse effect

Carbon …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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dioxide
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Carbon …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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monoxide
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Methane …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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Oxides of …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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Particulates …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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14. Explain how a catalytic converter reduces the emission of pollutant gases.
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15. What is the catalyst used in catalytic converter?

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16. What is the greenhouse effect? And what is global warming?
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Describe the consequences of global warming.
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17. Describe the formation of oxides of nitrogen and suggest how they can cause acid rain.
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18. Describe the formation of sulfur dioxide and suggest how they can cause acid rain.
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19. Draw and label carbon cycle.

20. Explain how fossil fuel is formed.

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21. What is flue gas desulfurization?

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22. Describe ways we can deduce climate change.

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23. Write down the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

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Past Paper Questons

1. The diagram shows stages in the purification of water. Which stage uses

chlorine?
2. Which pollutant, found in car exhaust fumes, does not come from the fuel?
A carbon monoxide B hydrocarbons C lead compounds D nitrogen oxides

3. Which statements about water are correct?

1 Water is treated with chlorine to kill bacteria.
2 Household water may contain salts in solution.
3 Water is used in industry for cooling.
Water for household use is filtered to remove soluble impurities.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2, 3 and 4 D 1, 2, 3 and 4

4. Separate samples of anhydrous and hydrated copper(II) sulfate are heated.

Which shows the correct colour changes?

5. Which compound in polluted air can damage stonework and kill trees?
A carbon dioxide B carbon monoxide C lead compounds D sulfur dioxide

6. Dry air is passed over hot copper until all the oxygen has reacted.

The volume of gas at the end of the reaction is 120 cm3.

What is the starting volume of dry air?
A 132 cm3 B 150 cm3 C 180 cm3 D 600 cm3

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7. In which row is the air pollutant not correctly matched with its source?
8. Carbon monoxide is an air pollutant produced when petrol is burned in a car engine.
Why is carbon monoxide considered to be an air pollutant?
A It causes global warming. B It causes the corrosion of buildings.
C It is a greenhouse gas. D It is poisonous.

9. A catalytic converter removes harmful gases from motor car exhausts.

Which reaction does not take place in a catalytic converter?
A 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 B N2 + 2CO2 → 2NO + 2CO
C 2NO2 → N2 + 2O2 D 2NO2 + 4CO → N2 + 4CO2

10. Oxides of nitrogen are found in polluted air.

Which statement about oxides of nitrogen is correct?
A Oxides of nitrogen are formed by the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen during the fractional distillation of liquid
air.
B Oxides of nitrogen are formed in a car engine by the reaction of petrol with nitrogen from the air. C
Oxides of nitrogen are removed from exhaust gases by reaction with carbon dioxide in a catalytic
converter. D Oxides of nitrogen are removed from exhaust gases by reduction in a catalytic converter.

11. Which two gases are obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation?
A carbon dioxide and oxygen B carbon dioxide and water vapour
C nitrogen and oxygen D nitrogen and water vapour

12. An experiment to find the percentage of oxygen in 150 cm3 of polluted air is shown.

The apparatus is left for one week.

After this time, the volume of gas in the measuring cylinder is 122 cm3.
What is the percentage of oxygen, to the nearest whole number, in the
polluted air?
A 19% B 21% C 28% D 81%

13. Which information about carbon dioxide and methane is correct?

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14. Which statement about methane is not correct?
A It is a liquid produced by distilling petroleum. B It is produced as vegetation decomposes. C It is
produced by animals such as cows. D It is used as a fuel.

15. Which pollutant gas is produced by the decomposition of vegetation?

A carbon monoxide B methane
C nitrogen oxide D sulfur dioxide

16. Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A combustion of fossil fuels B decomposition of carbonates C photosynthesis D
respiration
Chemistry Gr.9 Abdulla Ikram – Teacher Chemistry