Daniel Kolade Akinwolemiwa

P23DLPH80818

Course: Infectious Diseases Epidemiology

Course Code: COMM 819

Tutor: Dr Amina Muhammad

Group 15 Assignment: What are Neglected Tropical Diseases? List any 5 and mention the epidemiology
of any 2.

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that primarily affect populations in
low-income and tropical regions, often with limited access to healthcare, sanitation, and clean water.
These diseases are characterized by their chronic and debilitating nature, leading to significant morbidity
and mortality. Despite their impact on global health, NTDs have historically received less attention and
funding compared to other infectious diseases. Here are five examples of Neglected Tropical Diseases:

1. Schistosomiasis

2. Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)

3. Chagas Disease

4. Leishmaniasis

5. Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)

1. Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis: In sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of cases occur,

schistosomiasis transmission is closely linked to poverty and lack of access to clean water and
sanitation. Factors such as agricultural practices, dam construction, and human migration
contribute to the persistence of transmission cycles. School-age children are particularly
vulnerable due to frequent contact with contaminated water bodies during activities such as
swimming and bathing.
2. Epidemiology of Lymphatic Filariasis: Endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, lymphatic filariasis
transmission is closely associated with the distribution of mosquito vectors. Poor sanitation and housing
conditions, as well as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, contribute to the persistence of
transmission. The disease disproportionately affects marginalized populations living in poverty, with
women and children bearing a significant burden of morbidity and disability. Efforts to eliminate
lymphatic filariasis focus on mass drug administration campaigns targeting at-risk populations to
interrupt transmission and alleviate suffering.