Series RL Circuit:

Ch-1 Ch-2
=?

Fig. Series RL circuit and its vector diagram, where E is the applied voltage,
VRL is the output across the resistor and VL is the voltage drop across inductor.

Extract Data from Oscilloscope:

1. To find the phase relationship between applied voltage, E and output across resistor,
VRL: [For RL circuit]
 Phase relation between two waves can be found by:
𝑇𝑑
𝜃= × 3600
𝑇
Where, T = The total horizontal divisions in the Time Period of waveform E.
Td=The total horizontal divisions between two waveforms.
Here, T = 25 divisions
Td = 1.7 divisions
Hence,
1.7
𝜃𝐿 = × 3600 = −24.48°
25
Here, (-)ve sign indicates that, VRL lags E at the angle 24.48 degree.

2. To find out the value of I:

 From the above figure it can be found that:
𝑉𝑅𝐿 = 2.161 𝑉 ∠ − 24.48°

𝑉𝑅𝐿 2.161 𝑉 ∠−24.48°

𝐼= = = 0.0216 𝐴 ∠−24.48°
𝑅𝐿 100 Ω

Thus it can be said that, for RL circuit Current, I lags applied voltage, E by 24.48 degree.

CONCLUSION : In case of pure resistive circuit, the phase

angle between voltage and current is zero and in case of pure
inductive circuit, phase angle is 90° but when we combine
both resistance and inductor, the phase angle of a series RL
circuit is between 0° to 90°.