F1 ENGINEERING

BY: Samin Ali Hemmati

3rd Student Conference On New Trends In Biology, Math, and Humanities

Tabriz, February 29

NTBMH3
 What is F1?
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Formula One, also called F1 in short, is an international auto racing
sport. F1 is the highest level of single-seat, open-wheel and open-
cockpit professional motor racing contest, governed and sanctioned
by a world body called the FIA.
Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands
Prix. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents
around the world on either purpose-built circuits or closed
public roads.
In F1 every team has the design and manufacture of their own cars.
They are allowed and encouraged to improve equipment between
each race.
Each team races two cars, every race (Grands Prix) being 3days:
practice, qualifying and race day.
The competition in F1 centers around the car itself, not just how
you race it, but also how you build and rebuild it.
Going forward we will be looking at some features these cars have.

SAMIN ALI HEMMATI

 Safety First
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F1 cars are designed with safety structures to reduce the risk

of injury. This includes high-strength carbon fibre
monocoque chassis and high-impact foam structures that
absorb an impact's energy. There are also headrests and roll
bars to protect the driver's head and neck.
• Head and Neck Support: The latest F1 cars are equipped
with specially designed head and neck support systems which
help to reduce the risk of neck injuries. These systems include
head and neck restraints, helmets, and special padding, SAMIN
providing extra comfort and safety for the driver. ALI
HEMMA
• Cockpit Safety: This includes using sturdy materials, TI
reinforced side-impact bars, and a halo structure that helps
protect the driver's head. The device consists of a bar of
titanium that surrounds the driver's head and is connected by
three points to the vehicle frame.
The system is not developed by the teams, but is manufactured
by three approved external manufacturers chosen by the FIA
and has the same specification for all vehicles
 Safety First
________________________

• Fire Protection: F1 cars are equipped with

onboard fire extinguishers and a fire-resistant
fuel tank which helps reduce the fire risk.
Additionally, all drivers must wear fire-resistant
clothing, gloves, and boots to help protect them
from burns.
SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
• Crash Data Recorders: All F1 cars are
equipped with crash data recorders that
monitor the driver's performance and track the
speed and direction of the car. This data helps
to improve safety by identifying dangerous
driving conditions and helping teams make
adjustments.
Overall, the latest safety technology in F1 cars is designed
to keep drivers safe on the track. This technology is
constantly evolving and improving to ensure the highest
level of safety, and it is a key factor in making F1 racing a
safe and exciting sport.
 Power Unit
An F1 engine is a complex piece of machinery that is designed to
deliver the maximum amount of power while being lightweight
and compact. They are referred to as power units because they
combine a petrol internal combustion engine with electric motors
powered by an Energy Recovery System (ERS).
These engines are typically V6 engines with a displacement of 1.6
liters, and they use turbochargers to boost their power output.
F1 engines are incredibly powerful, producing around 1000
horsepower and revving up to 20,000 RPM(Revolutions per
minute).To put this in perspective, most road cars have a redline
SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
of around 6,000 RPM.
They are also known for their quick acceleration. Formula One
cars can start at 0 m.p.h., reach 100 m.p.h., and come to a
complete stop again in less than five seconds.
Power Unit
The performance enhancements in F1 engines come from the
Energy Recovery System (ERS), which recovers energy from both
exhaust gases and braking.
It consists of two electric motors: the MGU-K and the MGU-H.
The MGU-K is linked to the engine crankshaft and can produce up
to 160bhp, while the MGU-H slows down the turbo spin and
converts that energy into electricity that can be used to boost power
and improve fuel efficiency. SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
The ERS plays a significant role in optimizing an F1 car’s
performance, especially during overtaking maneuvers or defending
against other cars.
Additionally, F1 engines have shorter lifespans due to the extreme
stresses they endure during races. Overall, the power generated by
F1 engines far surpasses that of regular car engines, highlighting the
exceptional performance capabilities of these machines.
Winning doesn’t just depend on going fast, it also depends on
keeping control. And that requires a firm grip on the ground.
• Downforce
In order to achieve this two factors are used: • Tires
SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
 Downforce
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The shape of the F1 car is designed in such a way that air resistance
at high speed is minimal, and the car is pressed as hard as possible to
the track’s surface as a result of downforce.
Downforce is critical for a cars stability when driving at high speeds
and taking corners, as without it, the car can easily spin out of
control.
Downforce pushes the car down onto the track, increasing traction
and improving cornering speeds.
This is why F1 cars are designed with some aerodynamic features that
generate downforce, including the front and rear wings which
redirect airflow over and under the vehicle.
this generates downforce by creating a high-pressure area above the
car and a low-pressure area below it, which pushes the car downward.
These wings are usually made from carbon fiber mats and can be
adjusted to optimize the car’s aerodynamic balance.
SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
Tires SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
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Formula 1 tire strategy plays a huge role in winning that F1
trophy, and the most important factor is a tire’s compound.
F1 tire compounds are the materials used for F1 race car tires.
Formula 1 constructors strive for a certain level of softness or
hardness in the rubber blends that line their car’s wheels.
Hard tires are more durable, while softer tires are better for speed.
These are called dry tires, they don’t have any grooves in order to
have maximum contact with the ground, providing the most grip
and they’re used when there’s no precipitation.
Wet tires, sometimes called “full wet” tires, are for when it’s
especially rainy. Intermediate tires are for light rain.
Both of the latter types are covered in grooves and patterns that
make it easier to drive on a wet road.
Today's F1 rules state that
every driver must use at
least two tire compounds
during a race, adding a
strategic element to the
order of tire choices and
how many pit stops a
team might want their
drivers to make.
The rule for using two tire
choices does not come
into effect should wet
weather play a part in a
race. In a wet race, the
drivers use tires with
tread, as opposed to the
dry tires, and a driver can
use a single set of the
intermediate or full wet
tires for the race duration.
Formula1 is not only a sport and a
race for entertainment but also a field
in which technologies that already
exist are pushed to an extreme, making
them better in the process and then
inspiring or directly manufacturing
better technology for all of us.
SAMIN ALI HEMMATI
THANK YOU