𝑥(𝑡) STC 𝑦(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) → 𝑦(𝑡)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝒯𝐶 {𝑥(𝑡)}

𝑥[𝑛] STD 𝑦[𝑛]

𝑥[𝑛] → 𝑦[𝑛]
𝑦[𝑛] = 𝒯𝐷 {𝑥[𝑛]}

𝑦[𝑛] = 3𝑥[𝑛] + cos 𝑥[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑘]
𝑥[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 5𝑥[𝑛] − 2𝑥[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑥[𝑛 − 2]

 𝑛

𝑦[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘]
𝑘=−∞

𝑦(𝑡) 𝑥(𝑡)
1 𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
𝐶 −∞

𝑦[𝑛] 𝑦[𝑛 − 𝑘]
𝑦[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 2𝑥[𝑛] − 𝑥[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑦[𝑛 − 1]

𝑤[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛]
Sistema Sistema
STD 𝑤[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛]
𝑥[𝑛]
inverso

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 + 1)

𝑤(𝑡) = 𝑦(𝑡 − 1) = 𝑥(𝑡 + 1 − 1) = 𝑥(𝑡)

𝑡0
𝑡 ≤ 𝑡0

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝛼)

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[−𝑛]

|𝑥(𝑡)| < ∞ → |𝑦(𝑡)| < ∞

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑡)

|𝑥(𝑡)| ≤ 𝐵

|𝑦(𝑡)| = |𝑒 𝑥(𝑡) | ≤ 𝑒 |𝑥(𝑡)| ≤ 𝑒 𝐵 < ∞

𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡) → 𝑦1 (𝑡) + 𝑦2 (𝑡)

𝛼𝑥1 (𝑡) → 𝛼𝑦1 (𝑡)

0𝑥1 (𝑡) → 0𝑦1 (𝑡)

𝛼𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝛽𝑥2 (𝑡) → 𝛼𝑦1 (𝑡) + 𝛽𝑦2 (𝑡)

 
𝑖 = 1, 2, … 𝑁

𝑥𝑖 (𝑡) SL 𝑦𝑖 (𝑡)

𝑁 𝑁

∑ 𝛼𝑖 𝑥𝑖 (𝑡) SL ∑ 𝛼𝑖 𝑦𝑖 (𝑡)
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝒯 {∑ 𝛼𝑖 𝑥𝑖 (𝑡)} = ∑ 𝛼𝑖 𝒯{ 𝑥𝑖 (𝑡)} = ∑ 𝛼𝑖 𝑦𝑖 (𝑡)
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑦[𝑛] = 4𝑥[𝑛] − 1

𝑥[𝑛] = 𝛼𝑥1 [𝑛] + 𝛽𝑥2 [𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝛼𝑦1 [𝑛] + 𝛽𝑦2 [𝑛]

𝑦1 [𝑛] = 4𝑥1 [𝑛] − 1

𝑦2 [𝑛] = 4𝑥2 [𝑛] − 1

𝑦[𝑛] = 4{𝛼𝑥1 [𝑛] + 𝛽𝑥2 [𝑛]} − 1 = 4𝛼𝑥1 [𝑛] + 4𝛽𝑥2 [𝑛] − 1 ≠ 𝛼𝑦1 [𝑛] + 𝛽𝑦2 [𝑛]

𝑦(𝑡) → 𝑥(𝑡)
 𝑦{𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )} = 𝑦(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥 2 [𝑛 − 1]

𝑛0
𝑥[𝑛] → 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑛0 ]

𝑦𝐸𝐷 [𝑛] = 𝑥 2 [𝑛 − 𝑛0 − 1]

𝑦[𝑛 − 𝑛0 ] = 𝑥 2 [𝑛−𝑛0 − 1]

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)

𝑡0
𝑥(𝑡) → 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )

𝑦𝐸𝐷 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 1)

𝑦(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = (𝑡 − 𝑡0 )2 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 1)

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝛼𝑥[𝑛]

𝑥[𝑛] 𝛼 𝛼𝑥[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑘]

𝑥[𝑛] 𝑧 −1 𝑥[𝑛 − 1]

𝑥2 [𝑛]
𝑥1 [𝑛]  𝑥1 [𝑛] + 𝑥2 [𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 5 𝑥[𝑛] − 7 𝑥[𝑛 − 1]

 𝑥[𝑛] 5  𝑦[𝑛]

𝑧 −1 7

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝛼𝑥(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) 𝛼 𝛼𝑥(𝑡)

𝑥2 (𝑡)
𝑥1 (𝑡)  𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡)

𝑑
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

𝑑 𝑑
𝑥(𝑡) 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

𝑥(𝑡) ∫ ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡

𝑦 ′ (𝑡) + 5𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡) = 0,2 [𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦 ′ (𝑡)]

𝑥(𝑡)
0.2

du/dt 𝑦(𝑡)
 𝑥(𝑡) sistema 1 sistema 2 𝑦(𝑡)

sistema 1

𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑦(𝑡)

sistema 2

+
𝑥(𝑡) + sistema 1 𝑦(𝑡)
−

sistema 2

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑥(𝑡)
𝑦(𝑡) = 3𝑥(𝑡) − 5
𝑦(𝑡) = sin 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥 2 (𝑡)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝐿 𝑑𝑡

𝑎𝑁 𝑦[𝑛 − 𝑁] + 𝑎𝑁−1 𝑦[𝑛 − (𝑁 − 1)] + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑦[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑎0 𝑦[𝑛]

= 𝑏𝑀 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑀] + 𝑏𝑀−1 𝑥[𝑛 − (𝑀 − 1)] + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑥[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑏0 𝑥[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛]

1 1
𝑦[𝑛] − 𝑦[𝑛 − 1] − 𝑦[𝑛 − 2] = 4𝑥[𝑛]
6 6
𝑦[𝑛]
 1 1
𝑦[𝑛] = 4𝑥[𝑛] + 𝑦[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑦[𝑛 − 2]
6 6

𝑥[𝑛] 4 𝑦[𝑛]
-1
Z

1/6

-1
Z

1/6

𝑥[𝑛] → 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝒯𝐷 {𝑥[𝑛]}

ℎ[𝑛]

𝑥[𝑛] = 𝛿[𝑛] → 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝒯𝐷 {𝛿[𝑛]} = ℎ[𝑛]

ℎ[𝑛] = 0 ∀𝑛 < 0

𝑦[𝑛] = 5𝑥[𝑛] − 7𝑥[𝑛 − 1]

ℎ[𝑛] = 5𝛿[𝑛] − 7𝛿[𝑛 − 1]

𝑥[0] = 2; 𝑥[2] = 3; 𝑥[5] = 1

𝑥[𝑛] = 2𝛿[𝑛] + 3𝛿[𝑛 − 2] + 𝛿[𝑛 − 5]

 ℎ[𝑛] = 0,7𝑛 𝑢[𝑛]

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

h[n]
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10
n

𝛿[𝑛 − 2] ℎ[𝑛 − 2] 𝛿[𝑛 − 5] ℎ[𝑛 − 5]

𝑥[𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 2ℎ[𝑛] + 3ℎ[𝑛 − 2] + ℎ[𝑛 − 5]

2
2
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.2
2h[n]

1
2d[n]

1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6

0.4
0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
n n

3 3

2.5 2.5

2 2
3d[n-2]

3h[n-2]

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
n n

1 1

0.9 0.9

0.8 0.8

0.7 0.7

0.6 0.6
d[n-5]

h[n-5]

0.5 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 5 10 15
n n
 n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
h[n] 1 0,7 0,49 0,34 0,24 0,17 0,12 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,03
x[n] 2 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
2 1,4 0,98 0,68 0,48 0,34 0,24 0,16 0,12 0,08 0,06
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 2,1 1,47 1,02 0,72 0,51 0,36 0,24 0,18
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0,7 0,49 0,34 0,24 0,17
y[n] 2 1,4 3,98 2,78 1,95 2,36 1,66 1,16 0,82 0,56 0,41

3.5

2.5
y[n]

1.5

0.5

0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10
n

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝒯𝐷 {𝑥[𝑛]}
∞

𝑥[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘]𝛿[𝑛 − 𝑘]
𝑘=−∞

∞ ∞ ∞

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝒯𝐷 {𝑥[𝑛]} = 𝒯𝐷 { ∑ 𝑥[𝑘]𝛿[𝑛 − 𝑘]} = ∑ 𝒯𝐷 {𝑥[𝑘]𝛿[𝑛 − 𝑘]} = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘] 𝒯𝐷 {𝛿[𝑛 − 𝑘]}

𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞
∞

= ∑ 𝑥[𝑘] ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]
𝑘=−∞

∞ ∞

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘] ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑘] ℎ[𝑘] = ℎ[𝑛] ∗ 𝑥[𝑛]

𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞

∞ ∞

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏)ℎ(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏)ℎ(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = ℎ(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡)

−∞ −∞
 ∞ ∞

𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘] ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑘] ℎ[𝑘] = ℎ[𝑛] ∗ 𝑥[𝑛]

𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞

𝑥1 [𝑛] ∗ (𝑥2 [𝑛] + 𝑥3 [𝑛]) = 𝑥1 [𝑛] ∗ 𝑥2 [𝑛] + 𝑥1 [𝑛] ∗ 𝑥3 [𝑛]

𝑥1 [𝑛] ∗ 𝑥2 [𝑛] ∗ 𝑥3 [𝑛] = 𝑥1 [𝑛] ∗ (𝑥2 [𝑛] ∗ 𝑥3 [𝑛]) = (𝑥1 [𝑛] ∗ 𝑥2 [𝑛]) ∗ 𝑥3 [𝑛]

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝒯𝐷 {𝑥[𝑛]}

𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛]
∞ ∞

𝑦𝑢 [𝑛] = 𝑢[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑢[𝑘]ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘] = ∑ ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=0

𝑚 =𝑛−𝑘
𝑛

𝑦𝑢 [𝑛] = ∑ ℎ[𝑚]
𝑚=−∞

ℎ[𝑛] 𝑛 → −∞ 𝑛

𝑦𝑢 [𝑛] = ∑ ℎ[𝑚]
𝑚=−∞

𝑛−1

𝑦𝑢 [𝑛 − 1] = ∑ ℎ[𝑚]
𝑚=−∞

𝑦𝑢 [𝑛] − 𝑦𝑢 [𝑛 − 1] = ℎ[𝑛]

(𝑛) (𝑛−1) ′ (𝑚) (𝑚−1) ′

𝑎𝑛 𝑦(𝑡) + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦(𝑡) + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑦(𝑡) + 𝑎0 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑏𝑚 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑏𝑚−1 𝑥(𝑡) + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑏0 𝑥(𝑡)

𝑎𝑖 𝑏𝑖
 (𝑛) (𝑛−1) ′ (𝑚) (𝑚−1) ′
𝑎𝑛 𝑦(𝑡) + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦(𝑡) + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑦(𝑡) + 𝑎0 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑏𝑚 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑏𝑚−1 𝑥(𝑡) + ⋯ + 𝑏1 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑏0 𝑥(𝑡)

𝑎𝑖 𝑏𝑖

𝑦(𝑡)

𝑦′(𝑡) + 𝑏0 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡)
1
𝑦(𝑡) = [𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦′(𝑡)]
𝑏0

du/dt
𝑥(𝑡)

1/b0 a0 a1


du/dt
du/dt 𝑦(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) → 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝒯𝐶 {𝑥(𝑡)}

ℎ(𝑡)

du/dt 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡)du/dt→ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝒯𝐶 {𝛿(𝑡)} = ℎ(𝑡)

1

a0 a1 ℎ(𝑡) = 0 a2∀𝑡 < 0

𝑥(𝑡)
∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏)𝛿(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏

−∞
 ∞ ∞ ∞

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝒯𝐶 {𝑥(𝑡)} = 𝒯𝐶 { ∫ 𝑥(𝜏)𝛿(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏} = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏)𝒯𝐶 {𝛿(𝑡 − 𝜏)}𝑑𝜏 = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏)ℎ(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏

−∞ −∞ −∞

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ℎ(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡)

∞ ∞

𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝛿(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡)

−∞ −∞

𝑥1 (𝑡) ∗ [𝑥2 (𝑡) + 𝑥3 (𝑡)] = 𝑥1 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑥2 (𝑡) + 𝑥1 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑥3 (𝑡)

𝑥1 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑥2 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑥3 (𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡) ∗ [𝑥2 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑥3 (𝑡)] = [𝑥1 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑥2 (𝑡)] ∗ 𝑥3 (𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏

−∞

𝑥(𝜏) 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 𝜏) = 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 𝜏)

∞ ∞

𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )

−∞ −∞

𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )

 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝒯𝐶 {𝑥(𝑡)}

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡)
∞ ∞
𝑦𝑢 (𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑢(𝜏)ℎ(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = ∫ ℎ(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
−∞ 0

𝜆 = 𝑡 − 𝜏 𝑑𝜆 = −𝑑𝜏

𝜏=0 ⇒ 𝜆=𝑡
𝜏 → ∞ ⇒ 𝜆 = −∞

−∞ 𝑡
𝑦𝑢 (𝑡) = − ∫ ℎ(𝜆) 𝑑𝜆 = ∫ ℎ(𝜆) 𝑑𝜆
𝑡 −∞

ℎ(𝑡) 𝑡 → −∞
𝑡

𝑡
𝑦𝑢 (𝑡) = ∫ ℎ(𝜆) 𝑑𝜆
−∞

𝑦𝑢 ′(𝑡) = ℎ(𝑡)

𝑦𝑢 [𝑛] − 𝑦𝑢 [𝑛 − 1] = ℎ[𝑛]

𝑦𝑢 ′(𝑡) = ℎ(𝑡)

𝑦[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑘] ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

𝑘=−∞

ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘] = 0 ∀ 𝑛−𝑘 <0 ∨ 𝑛<𝑘

ℎ[𝑛] = 0 ∀ 𝑛<0

ℎ(𝑡) = 0 ∀ 𝑡<0
 ∞ ∞
|𝑦[𝑛]| = | ∑ 𝑥[𝑘]ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]| = ∑ |𝑥[𝑘]||ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]|
𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞

|𝑥[𝑘]| < 𝐵
∞
|𝑦[𝑛]| = 𝐵 ∑ |ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]|
𝑘=−∞

∑ |ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]| < ∞

𝑘=−∞

∑ |ℎ[𝑘]| < ∞
𝑘=−∞

∞
∫ |ℎ(𝜏)|𝑑𝜏 < ∞
−∞

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑠𝑡 ⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐻(𝑠) 𝑒 𝑠𝑡

𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑧 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝐻(𝑧) 𝑧 𝑛

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑠𝑡
∞ ∞ ∞
𝑠(𝑡−𝜏) 𝑠𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏)ℎ(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = ∫ 𝑒 ℎ(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 ∫ ℎ(𝜏)𝑒 −𝑠𝜏 𝑑𝜏
−∞ −∞ −∞

𝐻(𝑠)
∞
−𝑠𝜏
𝐻(𝑠) = ∫ ℎ(𝜏)𝑒 𝑑𝜏
−∞

𝐻(𝑠) 𝑠

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐻(𝑠) 𝑒 𝑠𝑡
 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ⇒ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡

𝐻(𝑗𝜔)
𝜔

𝑤(𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) + ℎ1 (𝑡) 𝑦(𝑡)

𝑣(𝑡)
ℎ2 (𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑤(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡)

𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑦(𝑡) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡)
𝑤(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑣(𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑤(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) + 𝑣(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡)

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) + 𝑦(𝑡) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡

𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) + 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡)

∞ ∞
𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑗𝜔(𝑡−𝜏) ℎ1 (𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∫ ℎ1 (𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏
−∞ −∞

∞
∫−∞ ℎ1 (𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏 ℎ1 (𝑡)
ℎ1 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔)
∞
𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∫ ℎ1 (𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔)
−∞

∞
𝑗𝜔𝑡
𝑒 ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡) = 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) ∫ 𝑒 𝑗𝜔(𝑡−𝜏) ℎ2 (𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
−∞
∞
= 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∫ ℎ2 (𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏
−∞

∞
∫−∞ ℎ2 (𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏 ℎ2 (𝑡)
ℎ2 𝐻2 (𝑗𝜔)

𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) 𝐻2 (𝑗𝜔)

 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡) + 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗ ℎ2 (𝑡) ∗ ℎ1 (𝑡)

𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) + 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) 𝐻2 (𝑗𝜔)

𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) + 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) 𝐻2 (𝑗𝜔)

[1 − 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) 𝐻2 (𝑗𝜔)]𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔)

𝐻(𝑗𝜔)

𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔)
𝐻(𝑗𝜔) =
1 − 𝐻1 (𝑗𝜔) 𝐻2 (𝑗𝜔)

𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑧 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑦[𝑛] = 𝐻(𝑧) 𝑧 𝑛

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛]

𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑧 𝑛
∞ ∞ ∞
𝑛−𝑘 𝑛
𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛] = ∑ 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑘] ℎ[𝑘] = ∑ 𝑧 ℎ[𝑘] = 𝑧 ∑ ℎ[𝑘] 𝑧 −𝑘
𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞

𝐻(𝑧)
∞

𝐻(𝑧) = ∑ ℎ[𝑘] 𝑧 −𝑘
𝑘=−∞

𝐻(𝑧) 𝑧
𝑛

𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑧 𝑛 𝐻(𝑧)