Hypothetical Tunnel Section

Add 0.2 m overbreak to excavation profile

Grout Block
assumed 1 m thick Tunnel Crown +86.5 mPD
surrounding the
tunnel perimeter
and within tunnel
area

8429 mm

15144 mm
Cast-in-situ RC Lining
1600 mm thick

3515 mm
8095 mm 8096 mm
19391 mm 1
 610 diam. pipe
with 1200 mm c/c

24 m

24 m 2
 Capping Beam +92 mPD

1st Waling +90 mPD

2nd Waling +86 mPD

3rd Waling +81 mPD

4th Waling +76 mPD

Final Excavation +72 mPD

610 mm Pipe Pile Top +92 mPD

Pipe Pile Bottom +65 mPD

3
Stage 1 Initial Stress
Stage 16 Lower Excavate Support 0-2m
Stage 2 Install Pipe Pile
Stage 17 Lower Excavate Support 2-4m
Stage 3 Install Capping Beam
Stage 18 Lower Excavate Support 4-6m
Stage 4 Excavate install 1 waling and strut
Stage 19 Lower Excavate Support 6-8m
Stage 5 Excavate install 2 waling and strut
Stage 20 Lower Excavate Support 8-10m
Stage 6 Excavate install 3 waling and strut
Stage 21 Upper Excavate Support 10-12m
Stage 7 Excavate install 4 waling and strut
Stage 22 Upper Excavate Support 12-14m
Stage 8 Excavate install concrete base slab
Stage 23 Upper Excavate Support 14-16m
Stage 9 Form grout block GFRP face dowel
Stage 24 Upper Excavate Support 16-18m
Stage 10 Form canopy tube
Stage 25 Upper Excavate Support 18-20m
Stage 11 Cut Pile Form Strut around Opening, Upper Excavate, Support 0-2m
Stage 26 Lower Excavate Support 10-12m
Stage 12 Upper Excavate Support 2-4m
Stage 27 Lower Excavate Support 12-14m
Stage 13 Upper Excavate Support 4-6m
Stage 28 Lower Excavate Support 14-16m
Stage 14 Upper Excavate Support 6-8m
Stage 29 Lower Excavate Support 16-18m
Stage 15 Upper Excavate Support 8-10m 4
Stage 30 Lower Excavate Support 18-20m
 Capping Pipe Top at +92 mPD Shotcrete Canopy Tube 20 m long
Steel Ribs
Beam inclined 5 degree up 1.5 m
c/c about tunnel crown

GFRP Dowel
12 m long
2 m c/c
Fill/Colluvium Utility at
Ground Level +88 mPD
+92 mPD
Strut Type A
Strut Type B Grout
Waling
Block
Pipe Pile
Pipe Bottom at Shotcrete between
+65 mPD Pipe Pile 5
Concrete
base slab 6
 Struts reinforce the C&C
before tunnel top heading
is excavated

UC 356x406x467

Steel modulus 210 GPa

Ribs and shotcrete at first

top heading excavation at
Stage 11

7
Fill/Colluvium c=5 kPa Phi=35 degrees unit weight 20 kN/m3
Capping beam
Plastic 1.2 m wide x 1.2 m deep
Area=1.44m2
E=20000 kPa I=bd3/12=0.1728m4
Concrete modulus 30 GPa
Shotcrete thickness between pipe
piles
Pipe Pile Modulus 300 mm
210 GPa Shotcrete modulus 30 GPa
1 m thick base concrete slab
Pipe Cap – rigid connection Cu = 1 MPa
200 mm thick
Concrete modulus 20 GPa
Shear Stiffness 5000 kPa/m
Normal Stiffness 50000 kPa/m Grout Block
Skin Resistance Top and Bottom 10 kN/m Cu = 1 MPa
Modulus 30 GPa
modulus 20 GPa
GFRP Face dowel / bolt
Diameter 20 mm
Tensile Capacity 100 kN
Struts for C&C Steel Ribs for lining Modulus 180 GPa
UC 356x406x467 UC 305x305x158 Steel Canopy Tube
Steel modulus 210 GPa Steel modulus 210 GPa Diameter 40 mm
Tensile Capacity 100 kN
Steel modulus 180 GPa
Waling Shotcrete thickness for tunnel
UB 914x419x343 50 mm
Steel modulus 210 GPa Shotcrete modulus 30 GPa
8
Create 2 contour planes
for checking x and y
deformation and stress
changes

Create 1 query line to

check the ground
deformation at the utility
level of +88 mPD

9
Compare the deformation
due to shaft excavation
and after tunnel
excavation along the
utility level of +88 mPD.

What is the differential

movement of the utility?

10
 Vertical Settlement Trough at Ground
Surface

100 mm