BUILDING STRUCTURES

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS FOR

MULTISTORY BUILDINGS

INSTRUCTOR: NGUYỄN VĂN HIẾU

Structural systems for gravity load
 Slabs
 Directly support vertical load
 Are supported by beams (for floors with beams) or columns (floors
without beam)
 Classification:
• Slab with beams
• Slab without beams
• Slab with ribs
• Prestressed slabs
• Bubble deck slabs
Structural systems for gravity load
 Beams
 Support slabs and transfer loads to columns or walls
 Effect story height
 Can be single span or continuous beams
 Types:
• Reinforced concrete beams
• Steel or composite beams
• Prestressed beams
Structural systems for gravity load
 Columns
 Support beams/slabs
 Transfer load to foundations
Structural systems for gravity load
 Select column size:

depends on the lateral resisting structure:

 Frame with less than 3 spans:
 Frame with 4 or 5 spans:
 Frame with more than 5 spans:
 Frame + shear wall: for lower stories, for middle
stories, for upper stories.
 Shear walls or cores support all lateral load:
Structural systems for gravity load
 Walls, cores:
 Although walls and cores are usually used to support lateral force,
they can also support gravity load.
 Walls and cores can support large gravity loads.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Important characteristic of lateral loads:
 Increases with height.
 Long load path.
 Dynamic load.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Frame systems
 Composed of beams and columns who are rigid connected.
 Beams increase the stiffness of the frame and decrease bending
moment in columns.
 Redundancy should be high.
 Can be planar or space structures.
 Suitable for building with less than 40 m height.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Equivalent frames (consist of
column and flat slab)
 Reduce story height
 Lateral resistance and stiffness are
low. Should be use for low-rise
building only.
 In tall building, it should be in
combination with shear walls and
cores.
 Stress concentration at column-
slab intersections.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Shear walls
 Compose of plate members, arranged in vertical direction. The
section can be L, C, T, etc.
 The in-plan strength are high. Thus are usually used to support
lateral force.
 Can support very large lateral load in their tributary areas.
 Are usually continuous from foundation to roof with the same
section.
 Walls can be connected by coupling beams to form coupled walls.
 Require thick slabs to transfer lateral load to walls.
 Distance between walls should not be too long to avoid thermal
expansion.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Frames + shear walls
 Frames and shear walls are combined to support lateral load.
 Gives flexibility to architectural arrangement.
 The distribution of lateral load to frames and walls can be
significantly different from individual system.
 If walls are designed to support 100% lateral load then the frames
become gravity frames. In this case, columns are subjected to
axial load only.
 Cores
 Consist of enclosed walls.
 Have great resistance to both lateral force and torsion.
 Are used for very tall buildings.
 Can be arranged at the center of a building or on its perimeter.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Tube structures
 Are huge cores arranged at the center or on perimeter of a
building.
 Can support both vertical and lateral force, columns are eliminated.
 Frames + cores
 Is similar to that of frames + shear walls.
 Tube in tube structures
 Include perimeter tube and inner tube.
 Can support very huge lateral force so that they are suitable for
super tall buildings.
 Role of slabs
 Support vertical load
 Transfer lateral load to lateral supporting system.
 Must have sufficient thickness.
Structural systems for lateral loads
 Thickness of shear walls
The thickness of a shear wall must be at least:
- 15 cm
- 1/20 story height
- Beam width that connected to wall.
Length and number of shear walls depend on the building size and
magnitude of lateral forces.